Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102781
Yiming Qian , Bin Wu , Xiaoping Chen , Lizhong Chi
Head fake is a common deceptive action in basketball that can effectively disrupt opponents and induce errors. This study investigated post-error behavioral adjustment and neural changes associated with head-fake action and related action cues across different response‒stimulus intervals (RSIs). Participants were asked to respond to the central target player's pass direction, ignoring the head direction of the target person and the flankers. The results revealed that the participants exhibited longer reaction times in the flanker (or head) incongruent condition compared to the flanker (or head) congruent condition. The results also revealed that the participants slowed their responses following an error in response to an action cue, indicating the presence of the post-error slowing (PES) effect. Moreover, the PES effect was greater at short RSI than at long RSI. The results of Event Related Potentials (ERPs) revealed that the participants exhibited a greater amplitude of error-related negativity (ERN) but a smaller amplitude of error positivity (Pe) following an error at a short RSI than at a long RSI. Collectively, these findings suggest that people can exhibit post-error slowing following an error response to action cues. Moreover, the RSI may affect the speed of response after an error and early error processing and erroneous evidence accumulation, as a processing bottleneck exists for a short time after an error. These findings offer insights into sports strategies and behavior modification.
头部假动作是篮球运动中一种常见的欺骗性动作，能有效干扰对手并诱发失误。本研究调查了在不同的反应-刺激间隔（RSI）内，与头部假动作和相关动作线索有关的错误后行为调整和神经变化。参与者被要求对中心目标球员的传球方向做出反应，而忽略目标人物和侧翼球员的头部方向。结果显示，与侧翼球员（或头部）一致条件相比，侧翼球员（或头部）不一致条件下参与者的反应时间更长。结果还显示，被试在对动作提示做出错误反应后，反应速度变慢，这表明存在错误后反应变慢（PES）效应。而且，短 RSI 的 PES 效应大于长 RSI。事件相关电位（ERPs）的结果显示，与长RSI相比，参与者在短RSI下出错后表现出更大的错误相关负性（ERN）振幅，但错误正性（Pe）振幅较小。总之，这些研究结果表明，人们在对动作线索做出错误反应后会表现出错误后减速。此外，RSI 可能会影响出错后的反应速度以及早期错误处理和错误证据积累，因为出错后短时间内存在一个处理瓶颈。这些发现为运动策略和行为矫正提供了启示。
{"title":"Avoiding repetitive mistakes: Understanding post-error adjustment in response to head fake actions","authors":"Yiming Qian , Bin Wu , Xiaoping Chen , Lizhong Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Head fake is a common deceptive action in basketball that can effectively disrupt opponents and induce errors. This study investigated post-error behavioral adjustment and neural changes associated with head-fake action and related action cues across different response‒stimulus intervals (RSIs). Participants were asked to respond to the central target player's pass direction, ignoring the head direction of the target person and the flankers. The results revealed that the participants exhibited longer reaction times in the flanker (or head) incongruent condition compared to the flanker (or head) congruent condition. The results also revealed that the participants slowed their responses following an error in response to an action cue, indicating the presence of the post-error slowing (PES) effect. Moreover, the PES effect was greater at short RSI than at long RSI. The results of Event Related Potentials (ERPs) revealed that the participants exhibited a greater amplitude of error-related negativity (ERN) but a smaller amplitude of error positivity (Pe) following an error at a short RSI than at a long RSI. Collectively, these findings suggest that people can exhibit post-error slowing following an error response to action cues. Moreover, the RSI may affect the speed of response after an error and early error processing and erroneous evidence accumulation, as a processing bottleneck exists for a short time after an error. These findings offer insights into sports strategies and behavior modification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102777
J.B. Courtney , J.A. Turner , E. Puterman , D.M. Almeida
People experience stressors on 40% of days, and emotional responses to stressors increase the risk for poor health, in part by impacting health behaviors like physical activity (PA). However, whether associations of daily psychological stressors with PA after the self-reported stressor occurs (post-stressor PA) differ across working and non-working hours is unclear. This study used the National Study of Daily Experiences III (2017–2019) to examine within-person associations between stressors and post-stressor PA during working and non-working hours and moderation by age and biological sex. Participants completed interviews across eight consecutive days about daily stress and the amount and timing of PA participation during the past 24 hours. Multilevel models with days nested in people examined the within-person associations of stressors with the odds and amount of post-stressor PA participation, with separate models during versus outside of working hours on working days and for non-working days. Participants (N = 564) had higher odds of post-stressor PA during working hours when they experienced greater than usual anger (OR = 3.24, p < .001), sadness (OR = 2.41, p < .001), or shame (ORs = 2.59, p < .001) due to stress. Sex moderated the within-person associations between stressor frequency (OR = 0.29, p < .001), intensity (OR = 0.49, p < .001), and anxiety (OR = 0.58, p = .002) on odds of post-stressor PA during working hours, such that the increased odds were higher in males. Participants had higher odds of post-stressor PA outside of working hours when they experienced greater stress intensity, anger, sadness, shame, or anxiety (OR = 3.94–7.35, p < .001). Research clarifying how age, sex, and/or occupation intersect with individuals’ daily stress experiences and PA could inform occupational health policies and/or interventions.
人们在 40% 的日子里都会遇到压力，而对压力的情绪反应会增加健康不良的风险，部分原因是会影响体育锻炼（PA）等健康行为。然而，日常心理压力与自我报告压力发生后的体育锻炼（压力后体育锻炼）之间的关系在工作时间和非工作时间是否存在差异尚不清楚。本研究利用 "全国日常经历研究 III（2017-2019 年）"来考察工作和非工作时间内压力源与压力源后 PA 之间的人际关联，以及年龄和生理性别的调节作用。参与者在连续八天内完成了关于日常压力以及过去 24 小时内参与 PA 的数量和时间的访谈。将天数嵌套在人中的多层次模型考察了压力源与压力源后参与体育锻炼的几率和数量之间的人内关联，并分别建立了工作日和非工作日工作时间内和非工作时间外的模型。当参与者（N=564）在工作时间内比平时更容易发怒时，他们在压力后参加体育锻炼的几率更高（OR=3.24，p＜0.05）。
{"title":"Within-person associations between daily stress and physical activity during working and non-working hours","authors":"J.B. Courtney , J.A. Turner , E. Puterman , D.M. Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People experience stressors on 40% of days, and emotional responses to stressors increase the risk for poor health, in part by impacting health behaviors like physical activity (PA). However, whether associations of daily psychological stressors with PA after the self-reported stressor occurs (post-stressor PA) differ across working and non-working hours is unclear. This study used the National Study of Daily Experiences III (2017–2019) to examine within-person associations between stressors and post-stressor PA during working and non-working hours and moderation by age and biological sex. Participants completed interviews across eight consecutive days about daily stress and the amount and timing of PA participation during the past 24 hours. Multilevel models with days nested in people examined the within-person associations of stressors with the odds and amount of post-stressor PA participation, with separate models during versus outside of working hours on working days and for non-working days. Participants (N = 564) had higher odds of post-stressor PA during working hours when they experienced greater than usual anger (OR = 3.24, <em>p</em> < .001), sadness (OR = 2.41, <em>p</em> < .001), or shame (ORs = 2.59, <em>p</em> < .001) due to stress. Sex moderated the within-person associations between stressor frequency (OR = 0.29, <em>p</em> < .001), intensity (OR = 0.49, <em>p <</em> .001), and anxiety (OR = 0.58, <em>p</em> = .002) on odds of post-stressor PA during working hours, such that the increased odds were higher in males. Participants had higher odds of post-stressor PA outside of working hours when they experienced greater stress intensity, anger, sadness, shame, or anxiety (OR = 3.94–7.35, <em>p</em> < .001). Research clarifying how age, sex, and/or occupation intersect with individuals’ daily stress experiences and PA could inform occupational health policies and/or interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102777"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to identify attentional foci and coping strategies of elite fencers during competitive matches, explore the co-occurrences between both, and examine their impact on performance. Twenty-two epeeists (11 males and 11 females) from a national team took part in self-confrontation interviews during two simulated tournaments. Data were analysed using inductive and deductive content analyses. Moreover, a quantitative analysis of qualitative data was conducted to examine the impact of attentional foci and coping strategies on objective performance. Three categories of attentional foci were identified: (a) cues, (b) strategies and tactics and (c) extraneous attention. To depict the coping processes of elite fencers, appraisals, coping strategies and emotions were coded. Coping strategies were mainly task-oriented, and often co-occurred with strategic foci. Analysis of the co-occurrences showed that athletes could combine information from their sensations and their environment during a point. They could also use several coping strategies within or between points. Chi-square tests revealed that focusing on environmental cues, particularly spatial-temporal characteristics, was associated with more touches won and fewer touches lost. Focusing on distance/timing of actions could be relevant cues in elite fencing. Focus on internal aspects did not impair performance in the present sample. This study furthered knowledge of attentional foci and coping strategies described by elite athletes in naturalistic settings. Following the present research results, practitioners should seek to develop pre- and post-point routines that pair task-oriented coping strategies with relevant attentional focus.
{"title":"Behind the mask: Attentional focus and coping strategies of elite level fencers","authors":"Maëlle Bracco , Marjorie Bernier , Lucie Métral , Emilie Pété , Pierre Bagot , Jean Fournier , Julie Doron , Guillaume Martinent","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to identify attentional foci and coping strategies of elite fencers during competitive matches, explore the co-occurrences between both, and examine their impact on performance. Twenty-two epeeists (11 males and 11 females) from a national team took part in self-confrontation interviews during two simulated tournaments. Data were analysed using inductive and deductive content analyses. Moreover, a quantitative analysis of qualitative data was conducted to examine the impact of attentional foci and coping strategies on objective performance. Three categories of attentional foci were identified: (a) cues, (b) strategies and tactics and (c) extraneous attention. To depict the coping processes of elite fencers, appraisals, coping strategies and emotions were coded. Coping strategies were mainly task-oriented, and often co-occurred with strategic foci. Analysis of the co-occurrences showed that athletes could combine information from their sensations and their environment during a point. They could also use several coping strategies within or between points. Chi-square tests revealed that focusing on environmental cues, particularly spatial-temporal characteristics, was associated with more touches won and fewer touches lost. Focusing on distance/timing of actions could be relevant cues in elite fencing. Focus on internal aspects did not impair performance in the present sample. This study furthered knowledge of attentional foci and coping strategies described by elite athletes in naturalistic settings. Following the present research results, practitioners should seek to develop pre- and post-point routines that pair task-oriented coping strategies with relevant attentional focus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102780"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102776
Tao Song, Mingzhu Ye, Gesi Teng, Weikun Zhang, Antao Chen
The expertise advantage denotes the superior perceptual-cognitive skills exhibited by experts. Nevertheless, the extent to which the expertise advantage influences automatic prediction in visual motion representation remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to consolidate findings from various studies on the expertise advantage of automatic prediction in visual motion representation. We identified empirical research literature that measured expertise advantage of automatic prediction from the Web of Science (Core Collection), APA PsycInfo, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. We identified 16 studies contributing 23 effect sizes from a pool of 1110 records. The standardized mean difference (Hedges’ g) was computed for the expertise advantage. The meta-analysis results reveal that, in comparison to novices, experts demonstrate superior automatic prediction in visual motion representation (Hedges' g = 0.73, 95% CI [0.54, 0.92]). Moderator analyses suggest that, when measuring the expertise advantage of automatic prediction, the effect size of the recall task is significantly larger than that of the recognition task. Other moderating variables did not exhibit significant moderating effects. These results suggest that the expertise advantage extends to automatic prediction in visual motion representation, and that this advantage is general, stable, and widespread.
专业知识优势指的是专家所表现出的卓越感知认知技能。然而，专业知识优势对视觉运动表征中自动预测的影响程度仍不清楚。本荟萃分析旨在整合有关视觉运动表征中自动预测的专业知识优势的各种研究结果。我们从 Web of Science（Core Collection）、APA PsycInfo、PubMed 和 Cochrane Library 数据库中找到了衡量自动预测的专业知识优势的实证研究文献。我们从 1110 条记录中确定了 16 项研究，贡献了 23 个效应大小。计算了专业知识优势的标准化平均差（Hedges'g）。荟萃分析结果表明，与新手相比，专家在视觉运动表象的自动预测方面更具优势（Hedges' g = 0.73，95% CI [0.54，0.92]）。调节变量分析表明，在测量自动预测的专业优势时，回忆任务的效应大小明显大于识别任务的效应大小。其他调节变量没有表现出明显的调节效应。这些结果表明，视觉运动表征中的自动预测也具有专业知识优势，而且这种优势具有普遍性、稳定性和广泛性。
{"title":"Expertise advantage of automatic prediction in visual motion representation is domain-general: A meta-analysis","authors":"Tao Song, Mingzhu Ye, Gesi Teng, Weikun Zhang, Antao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expertise advantage denotes the superior perceptual-cognitive skills exhibited by experts. Nevertheless, the extent to which the expertise advantage influences automatic prediction in visual motion representation remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to consolidate findings from various studies on the expertise advantage of automatic prediction in visual motion representation. We identified empirical research literature that measured expertise advantage of automatic prediction from the Web of Science (Core Collection), APA PsycInfo, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. We identified 16 studies contributing 23 effect sizes from a pool of 1110 records. The standardized mean difference (Hedges’ g) was computed for the expertise advantage. The meta-analysis results reveal that, in comparison to novices, experts demonstrate superior automatic prediction in visual motion representation (Hedges' g = 0.73, 95% CI [0.54, 0.92]). Moderator analyses suggest that, when measuring the expertise advantage of automatic prediction, the effect size of the recall task is significantly larger than that of the recognition task. Other moderating variables did not exhibit significant moderating effects. These results suggest that the expertise advantage extends to automatic prediction in visual motion representation, and that this advantage is general, stable, and widespread.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102775
Seyyed Mohammadreza Mousavi , Sara Soltanifar
Objectives
The stereotype threat effect has captivated social and sports psychology researchers for over two decades. However, many questions remain unanswered. This research was designed to explore the spillover effects of stereotype threat in motor tasks.
Design
A mixed model design with within-between-subjects was utilized, with soccer performance and throwing scores serving as the dependent variables.
Method
Forty-two 10-year-old girls without mental or physical disabilities participated in the study and were randomly assigned into two groups: stereotype threat (ST) and nullified stereotype threat (NST). After measuring baseline performance in throwing and soccer tasks, the participants in the ST group received soccer-based stereotype induction. Afterwards, they performed 20 trials of soccer shooting. Half an hour later, the children were asked to perform 10 throws with the non-dominant hand.
Results
Our results indicated that inducing soccer-based stereotypes towards girls led to underperformance in soccer, however, this negative effect did not spill over onto subsequent task (i.e., throwing) which was unrelated to the induced stereotype.
Conclusions
Our finding regarding the stereotype threat spillover effect is novel and provides more insight into the range of effects of stereotype threat within the motor domain. The findings encourage the researcher to practice caution regarding the generalizability of the stereotype threat spillover effect, especially in motor tasks.
{"title":"Do gender stereotype threats have a spillover effect on motor tasks among children? A mixed-model design investigation","authors":"Seyyed Mohammadreza Mousavi , Sara Soltanifar","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The stereotype threat effect has captivated social and sports psychology researchers for over two decades. However, many questions remain unanswered. This research was designed to explore the spillover effects of stereotype threat in motor tasks.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A mixed model design with within-between-subjects was utilized, with soccer performance and throwing scores serving as the dependent variables.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Forty-two 10-year-old girls without mental or physical disabilities participated in the study and were randomly assigned into two groups: stereotype threat (ST) and nullified stereotype threat (NST). After measuring baseline performance in throwing and soccer tasks, the participants in the ST group received soccer-based stereotype induction. Afterwards, they performed 20 trials of soccer shooting. Half an hour later, the children were asked to perform 10 throws with the non-dominant hand.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results indicated that inducing soccer-based stereotypes towards girls led to underperformance in soccer, however, this negative effect did not spill over onto subsequent task (i.e., throwing) which was unrelated to the induced stereotype.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our finding regarding the stereotype threat spillover effect is novel and provides more insight into the range of effects of stereotype threat within the motor domain. The findings encourage the researcher to practice caution regarding the generalizability of the stereotype threat spillover effect, especially in motor tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the physical, psychological, and social health benefits of sport participation, multiple barriers keep girls and women on the margins of sport in India. Further, body image concerns are implicated globally as a hindrance to sports engagement among adolescents but are rarely acknowledged in India. Due to a lack of research, the unique restrictions to sport participation faced by girls in India are yet to be understood. Drawing on the Sociocultural Theory of Body Image, this study explored the intersection of body image and sports from the perspectives of Indian athletes and coaches. Twelve athletes (girls aged 11–17 years; football n = 6, netball n = 6) and six coaches (football n = 3, netball n = 3) from New Delhi, India, participated in semi-structured focus groups. Reflexive thematic analysis was used and we formulated three themes: 1) “To Do What We Love, We Must Struggle”; 2) “What Will People Say?”; and 3) “Hold On To Your Power, Be You”. The themes provide a nuanced understanding of the experiences of athletes and coaches on and off the playing field. The findings shed light on several individual and systemic factors, such as harassment, societal norms, feelings of empowerment, and internalising appearance ideals, that impact girls’ engagement with sport in New Delhi, India. Methods to improve sports engagement, discrepancies between athlete and coach perspectives, and recommendations for sports organisations to combat body image concerns and improve sports uptake among girls in an Indian setting are discussed.
{"title":"“Change needs to start at home”: A reflexive thematic analysis of girl athletes' and coaches’ experiences of body image in New Delhi, India","authors":"Mahira Budhraja , Jekaterina Schneider , Aline Tinoco , Preeti Khanna , Emily L. Matheson","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the physical, psychological, and social health benefits of sport participation, multiple barriers keep girls and women on the margins of sport in India. Further, body image concerns are implicated globally as a hindrance to sports engagement among adolescents but are rarely acknowledged in India. Due to a lack of research, the unique restrictions to sport participation faced by girls in India are yet to be understood. Drawing on the Sociocultural Theory of Body Image, this study explored the intersection of body image and sports from the perspectives of Indian athletes and coaches. Twelve athletes (girls aged 11–17 years; football <em>n</em> = 6, netball <em>n</em> = 6) and six coaches (football <em>n</em> = 3, netball <em>n</em> = 3) from New Delhi, India, participated in semi-structured focus groups. Reflexive thematic analysis was used and we formulated three themes: 1) “To Do What We Love, We Must Struggle”; 2) “What Will People Say?”; and 3) “Hold On To Your Power, Be You”. The themes provide a nuanced understanding of the experiences of athletes and coaches on and off the playing field. The findings shed light on several individual and systemic factors, such as harassment, societal norms, feelings of empowerment, and internalising appearance ideals, that impact girls’ engagement with sport in New Delhi, India. Methods to improve sports engagement, discrepancies between athlete and coach perspectives, and recommendations for sports organisations to combat body image concerns and improve sports uptake among girls in an Indian setting are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102772
Carl Bescoby , Gareth Wiltshire , Fiona Gillison , Rachel Arnold
For people living with a long-term health condition, it is important to engage in illness self-management to maintain both physical and psychosocial functioning. Illness self-management is now understood as a collective process whereby social networks can make a significant contribution to outcomes. This study investigated the role of sport-based social networks for illness self-management for organ transplant recipients. Sixteen participants completed 3 interviews each in the 12-months after attending a Transplant Games event for the first time. Using a qualitative social network mapping method, it was found that despite it being a relatively short sporting event, participants found it easy to gain an immediate sense of closeness to other Transplant Games participants due to their shared illness experiences. Indeed, being able to discuss ongoing health concerns with their new Transplant Games network meant that participants could avoid causing unnecessary anxiety for their close family and friends. Furthermore, two selected participant narratives illuminate that new relationships gained from attending the Transplant Games network can remain available over a 12- month period but this does not necessarily disrupt one's existing support network. Overall, this study emphasises the value of sport-based social support for individuals with long-term health conditions and deepens our understanding of how social networks contribute to psychosocial functioning.
{"title":"Beyond the games: How sport-based social networks support illness self-management for organ transplant recipients","authors":"Carl Bescoby , Gareth Wiltshire , Fiona Gillison , Rachel Arnold","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For people living with a long-term health condition, it is important to engage in illness self-management to maintain both physical and psychosocial functioning. Illness self-management is now understood as a collective process whereby social networks can make a significant contribution to outcomes. This study investigated the role of sport-based social networks for illness self-management for organ transplant recipients. Sixteen participants completed 3 interviews each in the 12-months after attending a Transplant Games event for the first time. Using a qualitative social network mapping method, it was found that despite it being a relatively short sporting event, participants found it easy to gain an immediate sense of closeness to other Transplant Games participants due to their shared illness experiences. Indeed, being able to discuss ongoing health concerns with their new Transplant Games network meant that participants could avoid causing unnecessary anxiety for their close family and friends. Furthermore, two selected participant narratives illuminate that new relationships gained from attending the Transplant Games network can remain available over a 12- month period but this does not necessarily disrupt one's existing support network. Overall, this study emphasises the value of sport-based social support for individuals with long-term health conditions and deepens our understanding of how social networks contribute to psychosocial functioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102773
Chantal Van Landeghem, Lorna S. Jakobson
The present study was designed to assess whether competitive athletes and non-athletes differ in terms of certain personality traits linked to atypicalities in emotion awareness and regulation, and whether being an athlete accounts for unique variance in symptoms of anxiety and depression when these traits and exposure to childhood emotional abuse are held constant. In order to address these questions, we had 483 undergraduates (Mage = 19.7 years; 75.8% female), including 228 athletes and 255 non-athletes, complete self-report measures of personality (alexithymia, sensory processing sensitivity or SPS, and anxiety sensitivity or AS), exposure to emotional abuse in childhood, pandemic-related stress, anxiety, and depression. Recreational and elite athletes scored lower on SPS and depression than non-athletes, and recreational athletes also scored lower than non-athletes on AS. However, involvement in competitive sport did not predict depression or anxiety when other variables were controlled for. Alexithymia, AS, and childhood emotional abuse predicted depression, and SPS, AS, and childhood emotional abuse predicted anxiety. The same pattern was seen in a subgroup of athletes (n = 91) who had recently been coached, except that in this subgroup exposure to emotionally abusive coaching was found to be an additional risk factor for anxiety. These findings help to disentangle general and sport-specific risk factors for anxiety and depression and may have important implications for preventing and treating these problems in athletes and non-athletes alike.
{"title":"Disentangling general and sport-specific risk factors for anxiety and depression in a mixed sample of athletes and non-athletes","authors":"Chantal Van Landeghem, Lorna S. Jakobson","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study was designed to assess whether competitive athletes and non-athletes differ in terms of certain personality traits linked to atypicalities in emotion awareness and regulation, and whether being an athlete accounts for unique variance in symptoms of anxiety and depression when these traits and exposure to childhood emotional abuse are held constant. In order to address these questions, we had 483 undergraduates (<em>M</em><sub><em>age</em></sub> = 19.7 years; 75.8% female), including 228 athletes and 255 non-athletes, complete self-report measures of personality (alexithymia, sensory processing sensitivity or SPS, and anxiety sensitivity or AS), exposure to emotional abuse in childhood, pandemic-related stress, anxiety, and depression. Recreational and elite athletes scored lower on SPS and depression than non-athletes, and recreational athletes also scored lower than non-athletes on AS. However, involvement in competitive sport did not predict depression or anxiety when other variables were controlled for. Alexithymia, AS, and childhood emotional abuse predicted depression, and SPS, AS, and childhood emotional abuse predicted anxiety. The same pattern was seen in a subgroup of athletes (<em>n</em> = 91) who had recently been coached, except that in this subgroup exposure to emotionally abusive coaching was found to be an additional risk factor for anxiety. These findings help to disentangle general and sport-specific risk factors for anxiety and depression and may have important implications for preventing and treating these problems in athletes and non-athletes alike.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102773"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102771
Esmaeel Saemi , Laura Gray , Sara Jalilinasab , Ebrahim Moteshareie , Maxime Deshayes
Stereotype threat, a key concept in social psychology, occurs when individuals fear they may confirm negative stereotypes about their social group (Steele, 1997). This phenomenon can significantly impair motor learning, particularly in children. Given the robust nature of stereotype threat, research it is now focused on mitigating these negative effects. According to the explicit monitoring hypothesis, it is suggested that distracting individual’s attention can lead to an annihilation of stereotype threat effects, however, to date, this hypothesis has not been examined in children. The present study examined the effect of stereotype threat in a dual task condition on children’s motor learning. One hundred and fifty girls (mean age = 10.96 ± .80 years) were randomly assigned into 3 groups; 1- explicit gender stereotype threat; 2- explicit gender stereotype threat + dual task; 3- control. The task consisted of a soccer-kicking task in which the participants had to score the most points by kicking the soccer ball towards the goals on the wall. This study included three phases; 1- pretest (10 trials); 2- practice phase (5 blocks of 10 trials); 3- retention test (10 trials). During the practice phase, the results indicated that participants in the control condition performed better (M = 1.46, SD = .19) than participants in the gender stereotype threat condition (M = 1.25, SD = .16, p < .001), and, than participants in the gender stereotype threat + dual task paradigm condition (M = .92, SD = .19, p < .001). However, participants in the gender stereotypes + dual task paradigm condition performed worse than participants in the gender stereotype threat condition (p < .001). In addition, the results of the retention test showed that participants in the control condition performed better (M = 1.51, SD = .34) than participants in the gender stereotype threat condition (M = 1.24, SD = .35, p = .001), and participants in the gender stereotype threat + dual task paradigm condition (M = 1.15, SD = .49, p < .001). In conclusion, these results do not support the potential neutralizing effect of a cognitive dual task in a stereotype threat condition in children.
{"title":"Cognitive dual-task does not annihilate the negative effects of gender stereotype threat on girls' motor learning","authors":"Esmaeel Saemi , Laura Gray , Sara Jalilinasab , Ebrahim Moteshareie , Maxime Deshayes","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stereotype threat, a key concept in social psychology, occurs when individuals fear they may confirm negative stereotypes about their social group (Steele, 1997). This phenomenon can significantly impair motor learning, particularly in children. Given the robust nature of stereotype threat, research it is now focused on mitigating these negative effects. According to the explicit monitoring hypothesis, it is suggested that distracting individual’s attention can lead to an annihilation of stereotype threat effects, however, to date, this hypothesis has not been examined in children. The present study examined the effect of stereotype threat in a dual task condition on children’s motor learning. One hundred and fifty girls (mean age = 10.96 ± .80 years) were randomly assigned into 3 groups; 1- explicit gender stereotype threat; 2- explicit gender stereotype threat + dual task; 3- control. The task consisted of a soccer-kicking task in which the participants had to score the most points by kicking the soccer ball towards the goals on the wall. This study included three phases; 1- pretest (10 trials); 2- practice phase (5 blocks of 10 trials); 3- retention test (10 trials). During the practice phase, the results indicated that participants in the control condition performed better (M = 1.46, SD = .19) than participants in the gender stereotype threat condition (M = 1.25, SD = .16, p < .001), and, than participants in the gender stereotype threat + dual task paradigm condition (M = .92, SD = .19, p < .001). However, participants in the gender stereotypes + dual task paradigm condition performed worse than participants in the gender stereotype threat condition (p < .001). In addition, the results of the retention test showed that participants in the control condition performed better (M = 1.51, SD = .34) than participants in the gender stereotype threat condition (M = 1.24, SD = .35, p = .001), and participants in the gender stereotype threat + dual task paradigm condition (M = 1.15, SD = .49, p < .001). In conclusion, these results do not support the potential neutralizing effect of a cognitive dual task in a stereotype threat condition in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102770
Thomas Romeas , Maëlle Goujat , Jocelyn Faubert , David Labbé
The impact of domain-general cognitive ‘brain’ training on improving sports performance is highly debated. This study sought to follow-up on research that showcased the benefits of perceptual-cognitive 3D-Multiple Object Tracking (3D-MOT) training in enhancing the on-field performance of soccer players. Additionally, it explored the correlation between athletes’ cognitive performance and early career success.
Sixty-two males from a professional soccer academy were randomly divided into a dual-task 3D-MOT training group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 32). Participants underwent a 3D-MOT test, a cognitive test of attention, and small-sided games at pre- and post-training. Pre-post-test performances were compared using ANCOVAs. A Chi-squared test evaluated the association between the training regimen and early career success. A Spearman test assessed the correlation between performance on the 3D-MOT, attention test, and early career success.
The dual-task 3D-MOT trained group significantly improved its performance on 3D-MOT compared to the control group (p < 0.001). However, no significant pre-post-test differences were observed between the groups in the near-transfer cognitive test and on-field performance (ps > 0.05). There were no associations between the athletes’ early career success and the training regimen, and no associations between cognitive test performances and early career success (ps > 0.05).
This follow-up study failed to replicate previous findings with dual-task 3D-MOT training unable to produce near or far transfer on soccer performance. In addition, cognitive performance was not related to early career success in this study. The value of cognitive screening and training in sport is discussed.
{"title":"No transfer of 3D-Multiple Object Tracking training on game performance in soccer: A follow-up study","authors":"Thomas Romeas , Maëlle Goujat , Jocelyn Faubert , David Labbé","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of domain-general cognitive ‘brain’ training on improving sports performance is highly debated. This study sought to follow-up on research that showcased the benefits of perceptual-cognitive 3D-Multiple Object Tracking (3D-MOT) training in enhancing the on-field performance of soccer players. Additionally, it explored the correlation between athletes’ cognitive performance and early career success.</div><div>Sixty-two males from a professional soccer academy were randomly divided into a dual-task 3D-MOT training group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 32). Participants underwent a 3D-MOT test, a cognitive test of attention, and small-sided games at pre- and post-training. Pre-post-test performances were compared using ANCOVAs. A Chi-squared test evaluated the association between the training regimen and early career success. A Spearman test assessed the correlation between performance on the 3D-MOT, attention test, and early career success.</div><div>The dual-task 3D-MOT trained group significantly improved its performance on 3D-MOT compared to the control group (p < 0.001). However, no significant pre-post-test differences were observed between the groups in the near-transfer cognitive test and on-field performance (ps > 0.05). There were no associations between the athletes’ early career success and the training regimen, and no associations between cognitive test performances and early career success (ps > 0.05).</div><div>This follow-up study failed to replicate previous findings with dual-task 3D-MOT training unable to produce near or far transfer on soccer performance. In addition, cognitive performance was not related to early career success in this study. The value of cognitive screening and training in sport is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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