Psychology of Sport and Exercise最新文献

How affective and instrumental physical activity outcomes are associated with motivation, intentions, and engagement in subsequent behavior 情感和工具性体育锻炼结果如何与动机、意向和后续行为的参与相关联。

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102751

Physical activity (PA) produces various outcomes, including affective responses and instrumental benefits (e.g., weight loss, health). Theories of behavioral maintenance suggest that decisions to continue PA engagement will depend on one’s satisfaction with received outcomes. Thus, this study was designed to test how different combinations of affective and instrumental outcomes influence motivation, intentions, and subsequent PA behavior over a two-week study period. Participants with weight loss goals (N = 119) were provided an exercise video that was designed to manipulate their affect while exercising (positive vs. neutral) and their beliefs about the video’s instrumentality for weight loss (instrumental vs. not). Self-report measures assessed participants’ affect while exercising, instrumental beliefs that the video would produce weight loss, and motivation and intention to exercise with the video for two weeks. After two weeks, participants reported their video use. Because initial pre-registered analyses revealed that the video manipulation did not produce a difference in affect, a regression-based approach was implemented to examine whether variability in self-reported affect while exercising and beliefs about the video’s effect on weight loss predicted motivation, intentions, and video use during the two-week study period. Reports of more favorable affect were positively associated with motivation and video use, regardless of instrumental beliefs. For those reporting less favorable affect, strong instrumental beliefs appeared to bolster motivation, but had an adverse effect on video use. Findings provide insight into how different types of PA outcomes might influence motivation and continued behavioral engagement.

体育锻炼（PA）会产生各种结果，包括情感反应和工具性益处（如减肥、健康）。行为维持理论认为，是否继续参与体育锻炼取决于个人对所获结果的满意度。因此，本研究旨在测试在为期两周的研究期间，情感和工具性结果的不同组合如何影响动机、意向和随后的锻炼行为。研究人员向有减肥目标的参与者（119 人）提供了一个运动视频，旨在操纵他们在运动时的情绪（积极与中性），以及他们对视频减肥工具性的看法（工具性与非工具性）。自我报告测量法评估了参与者在运动时的情绪、对视频会产生减肥效果的工具性信念，以及在两周内使用视频进行运动的动机和意向。两周后，参与者报告他们使用视频的情况。由于最初的登记前分析表明，视频操作并没有产生情感上的差异，因此我们采用了一种基于回归的方法来研究自我报告的运动时的情感变化和对视频减肥效果的信念是否会预测两周研究期间的动机、意向和视频使用情况。无论工具性信念如何，报告更有利的情绪与动机和视频使用呈正相关。对于那些报告了较少有利情绪的人来说，强烈的工具性信念似乎会增强他们的动机，但却对视频的使用产生了不利影响。研究结果让我们了解到不同类型的体育锻炼结果可能会如何影响动机和持续行为参与。

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引用次数: 0

“We are on the outside but it’s okay”: A grounded theory of cooperation between parents, coaches, and administrators in professional youth soccer academies "我们是局外人，但没关系"：专业青少年足球学校中家长、教练和管理人员之间合作的基础理论

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102746

Objective

Parents need to cooperate with professional organizations to support their children’s development and health. In sports, knowledge on how parents, coaches, and organizations can successfully coordinate their behavior and work together for a common cause is lacking. This study was designed to identify a grounded theory of cooperation as a social process between parents and organizational stakeholders in youth soccer academies.

Design and method

Intensive interviews were conducted with parents (n = 9), coaches (n = 11), and administrators (n = 14) across 14 youth soccer academies in Germany. Data were analyzed using initial coding, focused coding, and theoretical integration following constructivist grounded theory methodology.

Results and conclusion

The grounded theory produced comprises several processes aimed at building, maintaining, and reinforcing effective cooperation between parents, coaches, and administrators. Acknowledging parents as part of the academy, providing a thorough onboarding, and defining parental roles are essential for cooperation to evolve. Cooperation was viewed as a responsive, dynamic, and iterative process impacted by person and context factors. Findings are interpreted through a systems lens highlighting nuanced dependencies between cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns. The grounded theory provides implications for future research targeting the intersection of persons and contexts in youth sport. For practitioners, we propose an evidence-based program on developing cooperation.

目的：家长需要与专业组织合作，为孩子的发展和健康提供支持。在体育运动中，关于家长、教练和组织如何成功协调他们的行为并为共同的事业而合作的知识还很缺乏。本研究旨在确定青少年足球学校中家长与组织利益相关者之间作为社会过程的合作基础理论。设计与方法对德国 14 所青少年足球学校的家长（9 人）、教练（11 人）和管理人员（14 人）进行了深入访谈。按照建构主义基础理论方法，使用初始编码、重点编码和理论整合对数据进行了分析。结果和结论所产生的基础理论包括几个过程，旨在建立、维护和加强家长、教练和管理人员之间的有效合作。承认家长是学校的一部分、提供全面的入职培训以及界定家长的角色对于合作的发展至关重要。合作被视为一个受个人和环境因素影响的反应性、动态和迭代过程。研究结果通过系统视角进行解释，突出了认知、情感和行为模式之间细微的依赖关系。基础理论为今后针对青少年体育运动中人与环境的交叉点进行研究提供了启示。对于从业人员，我们提出了一项以证据为基础的合作发展计划。

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引用次数: 0

A multi-sample examination of the relationship between athlete burnout and sport performance 对运动员职业倦怠与运动表现之间关系的多样本研究。

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102747

Athlete burnout potentially has negative consequences for sport performance. However, to the best of our knowledge, empirical studies have yet to examine the relationship between athlete burnout and objective sport performance. Consequently, we aimed to provide a first such examination. To do so, we recruited three samples. We used Sample 1 (n = 106: track and field athletes) to examine the predictive utility of athlete burnout on a single performance, Sample 2 (n = 181: swimmers) to examine whether the findings from Sample 1 can be replicated in a different sport, and Sample 3 (n = 169: track and field athletes) to examine the predictive utility of athlete burnout on peak performance in a three-month period. Finally, having captured three samples each assessing the athlete burnout-performance relationship, we also sought to quantify the combined effect across these samples using a relatively new analytical technique – mini meta-analysis. Results from regression analyses showed that in at least two of the three samples total burnout, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation each negatively predicted performance, whereas emotional and physical exhaustion was unrelated to performance. When we combined the samples, mini meta-analysis showed that total burnout, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation each displayed a small-to-medium negative and significant meta-correlation with performance. The findings suggest that certain athlete burnout symptoms may indeed have negative consequences for sport performance, and that this is the case when considering a single performance and peak performance.

运动员的职业倦怠可能会对运动成绩产生负面影响。然而，据我们所知，实证研究尚未考察运动员职业倦怠与客观运动表现之间的关系。因此，我们旨在提供首次此类研究。为此，我们招募了三个样本。我们使用样本 1（n = 106：田径运动员）来研究运动员职业倦怠对单项运动成绩的预测作用；使用样本 2（n = 181：游泳运动员）来研究样本 1 的研究结果是否可以在不同的运动项目中复制；使用样本 3（n = 169：田径运动员）来研究运动员职业倦怠对三个月内高峰运动成绩的预测作用。最后，在分别采集了三个评估运动员职业倦怠与成绩关系的样本后，我们还试图使用一种相对较新的分析技术--小型荟萃分析--来量化这些样本的综合效应。相关分析和回归分析的结果表明，在三个样本中，至少有两个样本的总倦怠感、成就感降低和运动贬值都会对成绩产生负面影响，而情绪和身体疲惫则与成绩无关。当我们将样本合并后，小型元分析表明，总倦怠、成就感降低和运动贬值均与运动成绩呈中低度负相关，且具有显著的元相关性。研究结果表明，某些运动员的职业倦怠症状确实会对运动成绩产生负面影响，而且在考虑单项成绩和长期的巅峰成绩时，情况也是如此。

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引用次数: 0

Uncovering the roles of automatic attitudes and controlled processes in the regulation of physical activity behavior in children 揭示自动态度和受控过程在调节儿童体育锻炼行为中的作用。

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102750

Despite substantial research efforts to increase engagement in physical activity (PA), children are not sufficiently active. Dual-process theories suggest that PA behavior regulation occurs through both controlled (i.e., reflective, conscious) and automatic (i.e., non-reflective, less conscious) processes. Automatic processes depend on affective valuations and attitudes towards PA and have been shown to predict PA behavior. However, their role in PA behavior regulation in children remains unclear. Therefore, the current study investigated the unique association of automatic attitudes towards PA on self-reported seven-day PA recall, after accounting for the effects of known controlled precursors of PA (i.e., explicit attitudes, PA self-efficacy, and PA intentions). In a cross-sectional design, 69 children (age = 10.8 ± 0.6 years) completed the Single-Category Implicit Association Task (SC-IAT) and self-reported measures of PA and controlled precursors of PA. In a hierarchical regression analysis, controlled processes accounted for 28.3 % of the variance in PA behavior. Although the bivariate association between automatic attitudes and PA was not significant, the association between them became significant but negative in the fully adjusted model (b = −1.70; p = 0.025). The fully adjusted model accounted for 35.0 % of the variance in PA. In summary, the findings indicated that both controlled and automatic processes predicted PA in children, although the association with automatic attitudes was not in the expected direction in the adjusted model. Future studies are warranted to further understand the role of automatic processes in the regulation of PA behavior in children.

尽管研究人员为提高儿童参与体育活动（PA）的积极性做出了大量努力，但儿童参与体育活动的程度仍然不够。双过程理论认为，体育锻炼行为调节是通过受控过程（即反思、有意识）和自动过程（即非反思、不太有意识）进行的。自动过程取决于对 PA 的情感评价和态度，并已被证明可以预测 PA 行为。然而，它们在儿童 PA 行为调节中的作用仍不清楚。因此，本研究在考虑了 PA 的已知受控前体（即明确态度、PA 自我效能感和 PA 意图）的影响后，调查了对 PA 的自动态度与自我报告的七天 PA 回忆之间的独特关联。在横断面设计中，69 名儿童（年龄 = 10.8 ± 0.6 岁）完成了单类别内隐联想任务（SC-IAT）以及自我报告的 PA 和受控 PA 前体测量。在分层回归分析中，受控过程占 PA 行为变异的 28.3%。虽然自动态度与 PA 之间的二元关联并不显著，但在完全调整模型中，二者之间的关联变得显著但呈负相关（b = -1.70; p = 0.025）。完全调整模型占 PA 变异的 35.0%。总之，研究结果表明，控制过程和自动过程都能预测儿童的PA，尽管在调整模型中，自动态度与PA的关系与预期方向不符。未来的研究需要进一步了解自动过程在调节儿童 PA 行为中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

The role of the peripheral target in stimulating eye movements 外围目标在刺激眼球运动中的作用

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102744

The present study investigated the role of top-down and bottom-up processes during a deceptive sports strategy called “no-look passes” and how microsaccades and small saccades modulate these processes. The first experiment examined the role of expertise in modulating the shift of covert attention with the bottom-up procedure. Results showed more saccades of greater amplitude and faster peak velocity in amateur than in expert groups. In the second experiment, the shift of covert attention between top-down and bottom-up conditions was investigated in a group of expert basketball players. Analysis showed that athletes make more microsaccades during the bottom-up condition; meanwhile, during the top-down condition, they were pushed to make more small saccades to decide where to send the ball. The findings suggested that the top-down process stimulates the eyes to move more concerning the bottom-up condition. It could be explained by the fact that during the top-down condition, athletes do not have an "eyehold” that stimulates their attention. During the top-down condition, athletes had to shift their attention to both sides before making the pass, resulting in their eyes being more "hesitant" concerning the situation in which they are peripherally stimulated.

本研究调查了在一种名为 "不看传球 "的欺骗性运动策略中自上而下和自下而上过程的作用，以及微注视和小注视如何调节这些过程。第一项实验研究了专业知识在调节自下而上程序的隐蔽注意力转移中的作用。结果显示，业余组比专家组有更多幅度更大、峰值速度更快的囊视。在第二个实验中，一组篮球高手研究了隐蔽注意力在自上而下和自下而上条件下的转移。分析表明，运动员在自下而上的条件下做出更多的微注视；与此同时，在自上而下的条件下，他们被迫做出更多的小注视，以决定将球送到哪里。研究结果表明，在自下而上的条件下，自上而下的过程会刺激眼睛做更多的移动。这可能是因为在自上而下的条件下，运动员没有 "眼球锁定 "来刺激他们的注意力。在自上而下的条件下，运动员在传球前必须将注意力转移到两侧，这导致他们的眼睛在受到外围刺激的情况下更加 "犹豫不决"。

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引用次数: 0

A new injury prevention program ‘FUNBALL’ improves cognitive performance of young football (soccer) players: A cluster randomized controlled trial 新的伤害预防计划 "FUNBALL "可提高青少年足球运动员的认知能力：分组随机对照试验

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102743

The youth football injury prevention program ‘FUNBALL’ contains exercises requiring high cognitive demands, which are performed concurrently to the training of the respective motor task. This study evaluates whether the program increases cognitive performances of young football players.

1253 football players (aged 13–19 years old) were randomly assigned to either a control (CON) or an intervention (INT) group. The INT group performed the ‘FUNBALL’ program at least twice per week in their training sessions for one season (9 months). The CON group continued their training routine. From the total sample, the cognitive performance of 304 players (n = 135 CON; n = 169 INT) was assessed at the beginning and the end of the season using the Cogstate® Brief Battery, with the following subtests: One Back test (accuracy), Two Back test (accuracy), One Card Learning test (accuracy), Chase Test (correct moves per second), Set Shifting (accuracy), Identification test (speed), Detection test (speed), Groton Maze Learning Test (accuracy), and Groton Maze Learning Test Delayed Recall (accuracy).

A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) on the cognitive performance improvements from pre-to posttest showed that the INT group improved their performances more strongly than the CON group for all cognitive tests, namely for working memory, visual learning, visual motor control, attention, psychomotor function, memory, and executive function.

The present study indicates that the exercise-based injury prevention program ‘FUNBALL’ may improve the cognitive performance of young football players. Future research should include an active control group, and should investigate whether the improvement in cognition also has beneficial effects on in-game performance.

Trial registration number

AsPredicted (https://aspredicted.org/2kb3b.pdf).

青少年足球伤害预防计划 "FUNBALL "包含对认知能力要求较高的练习，这些练习与相应的运动任务训练同时进行。本研究评估了该计划是否能提高青少年足球运动员的认知能力。1253 名足球运动员（13-19 岁）被随机分配到对照组（CON）或干预组（INT）。干预组在一个赛季（9 个月）的训练课上每周至少进行两次 "FUNBALL "训练。CON组则继续他们的日常训练。在赛季开始和结束时，使用 Cogstate® Brief Battery 评估了总样本中 304 名球员（CON 组 135 人；INT 组 169 人）的认知表现，其中包括以下子测试：一背测试（准确性）、二背测试（准确性）、三背测试（准确性）、四背测试（准确性）、五背测试（准确性）、六背测试（准确性）和七背测试（准确性）：单背测试（准确性）、双背测试（准确性）、单张卡片学习测试（准确性）、追逐测试（每秒正确动作）、集合移动（准确性）、识别测试（速度）、检测测试（速度）、格罗顿迷宫学习测试（准确性）和格罗顿迷宫学习测试延迟回忆（准确性）。对从测试前到测试后的认知表现改善情况进行的多元方差分析（MANOVA）显示，在所有认知测试中，INT 组在工作记忆、视觉学习、视觉运动控制、注意力、精神运动功能、记忆和执行功能等方面的表现改善程度均高于 CON 组。本研究表明，以运动为基础的伤害预防计划 "FUNBALL "可以提高青少年足球运动员的认知能力。未来的研究应包括一个活动对照组，并应调查认知能力的提高是否也会对比赛中的表现产生有益影响。试验登记号：AsPredicted (https://aspredicted.org/2kb3b.pdf)。

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引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of an affect-adjusted, supervised, multimodal, online and home-based exercise group protocol for major depression: A randomized controlled trial 针对重度抑郁症的情感调整、监督、多模式、在线和家庭锻炼小组方案的有效性：随机对照试验

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102729

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of an affect-adjusted, supervised, multimodal, online, and home-based exercise group protocol as an adjunct therapy to antidepressants on depressive symptoms, cardiorespiratory fitness, and side effects related to antidepressants in adults with major depression (MDD, diagnosed by a clinician). Depressive symptom scales were administered by a psychiatrist and self-reported. A health-related measure (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness), was also administered. The exercise intervention was adjusted by perceived effort and affect (pleasure and enjoyment) toward exercise and lasted 12 weeks. In total, 59 adults with MDD were divided into two groups: the exercise-group (EG; exercise + pharmacotherapy) with 26-patients (76.9 % females, mean age 28.5 years) and the control-group (CG, pharmacotherapy) with 33-patients (78.7 % females, mean age 25.6 years). The EG had a lower dropout rate (15.3 %) than CG and an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), which was not observed in the CG. Both groups showed a decrease in self-reported depressive symptoms. However, the EG had significantly lower depressive symptom scores at t1 and t2. The EG also had higher remission rates (t1, EG: = 42.3 % and CG = 27.2 %) and remission rates (t2, EG: = 72.7 % and CG = 48.1 %) than CG, which were maintained during the four month follow-up. Side effects from anti-depressant medication were larger in the EG compared to CG. Complementing usual care for MDD with exercise resulted in better clinical outcomes and supports the use of this type of exercise protocol in the clinical management of depression.

这项随机对照试验研究了在抗抑郁药物的辅助治疗下，对患有重度抑郁症（MDD，由临床医生确诊）的成人进行情感调整、监督、多模式、在线和家庭锻炼小组方案对抑郁症状、心肺功能和与抗抑郁药物相关的副作用的影响。抑郁症状量表由精神科医生实施并由患者自我报告。此外，还进行了一项与健康相关的测量（即心肺功能）。运动干预根据感知到的努力程度和对运动的影响（愉悦感和享受感）进行调整，持续 12 周。总共有 59 名患有 MDD 的成年人被分为两组：运动组（EG；运动+药物治疗），26 名患者（76.9% 为女性，平均年龄 28.5 岁）；对照组（CG，药物治疗），33 名患者（78.7% 为女性，平均年龄 25.6 岁）。EG 组的辍学率（15.3%）低于 CG 组，心肺功能（CRF）也有所提高，而 CG 组未观察到这一点。两组自我报告的抑郁症状均有所减少。然而，EG 在 t1 和 t2 阶段的抑郁症状评分明显较低。此外，EG 的缓解率（t1，EG: = 42.3 %，CG = 27.2 %）和缓解率（t2，EG: = 72.7 %，CG = 48.1 %）均高于 CG，且在四个月的随访中保持不变。与治疗组相比，治疗组的抗抑郁药物副作用更大。以运动作为治疗多发性抑郁症的常规疗法的补充，能取得更好的临床效果，因此支持在抑郁症的临床治疗中使用这种运动疗法。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of brain functional connectivity on skill and physical performance in soccer players: A resting state fMRI study 大脑功能连接对足球运动员技能和体能表现的影响：静息状态 fMRI 研究

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102741

Objective

Identifying connections between various aspects of physical performance, motor skills, and cognitive abilities with the brain connectivity networks is essential for determining important brain regions associated with soccer performance. This study aimed to carry out the relationship between soccer-specific parameters and resting-state functional connectivity in soccer players.

Materials and methods

Twenty-five soccer players (Vo2max; 50.68 ± 3.76 ml/min/kg) were participated voluntarily. The study encompassed a comprehensive assessment, including measures of physical performance, skill performance, and executive function (design fluency). Each participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) also allowing for the acquisition of data. The Linear regression were conducted between sport-specific parameters and functional connectivity values.

Results

Our findings revealed a significant positive correlation between agility and linear sprinting with the dorsal attention network (DAN). Conversely, the aerobic fitness parameter demonstrated exhibited a significant negative correlation with the DMN. Skill performance (speed dribbling, passing, shooting) displayed a significant positive correlation with both sensorimotor network (SMN), and DAN. Moreover, design fluency test displayed a significant positive correlation with the DMN. Notably, IPSL and IPSR nodes within the DAN consistently demonstrated the highest degree of centrality across various sports parameters.

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insights into the intricate relationship among physical performance, skill proficiency, and executive function, as they relate to the functional connectivity of specific neural networks in soccer players. The outcomes establish a foundational understanding for future exploration and potential applications in sports science, and cognitive neuroscience in order to improve soccer performance.

目的确定身体表现、运动技能和认知能力的各个方面与大脑连接网络之间的联系对于确定与足球表现相关的重要脑区至关重要。本研究旨在研究足球运动员的足球特异性参数与静息状态功能连接之间的关系。材料和方法25 名足球运动员（Vo2max；50.68 ± 3.76 ml/min/kg）自愿参加了研究。研究包括一项综合评估，其中包括身体表现、技能表现和执行功能（设计流畅性）的测量。每位参与者都接受了静息态功能磁共振成像（fMRI）检查，以便获取数据。我们的研究结果表明，敏捷性和直线短跑与背侧注意力网络（DAN）之间存在显著的正相关。相反，有氧健身参数与 DMN 呈显著负相关。技能表现（速度运球、传球、射门）与感觉运动网络（SMN）和 DAN 均呈显著正相关。此外，设计流畅性测试与 DMN 呈显著正相关。值得注意的是，在各种运动参数中，DAN 中的 IPSL 和 IPSR 节点始终表现出最高的中心性。研究结果为未来体育科学和认知神经科学的探索和潜在应用奠定了基础，有助于提高足球运动员的表现。

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引用次数: 0

Transforming Sedentary Lifestyles: The impact of remote VR and flat-screen interventions on affective attitudes towards physical exertion, guided by avatar or human trainers 改变久坐不动的生活方式：在虚拟化身或人类培训师的指导下，远程虚拟化身和平板干预对体力消耗情感态度的影响

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102740

This study advances understanding of the impact of flat-screen and virtual reality (VR) remote exercise environments in a home setting on affective attitudes towards physical exertion, with either a human or an avatar trainer.

Employing a two-by-two factorial design, we manipulated both the medium (flat screen vs. VR) and the type of trainer (human vs. avatar). A total of 108 participants engaged in the study using a custom VR application for the Oculus Quest 2 headset or training videos, both prepared specifically for this study. The participants underwent a 15-min high-intensity interval training (HIIT) regimen, completing six workouts in their homes within fourteen days. Data on their exercise experiences and their affective attitudes towards exercise were collected using the CAWI technique. These were next analysed using a model that presumes that exercise experiences can increase motivation to exercise. We also studied the roles of spatial presence and trainer relatedness.

Our results show that VR physical training shifted affective attitudes towards exercise positively, in contrast to the flat-screen groups. Moreover, using a digital avatar as a trainer had no negative effect on this favourable change in attitude. The change in affective attitude was influenced primarily by baseline levels and the wellbeing experienced during training. The factors we added to the original model—relatedness to the trainer and spatial presence—also contributed significantly to wellbeing. Perception of competence was a critical determinant of wellbeing, while perceived exertion was largely irrelevant. The HIIT protocol in the study was suitable for VR exercise.

本研究通过采用两两因子设计，对训练媒介（平面屏幕与 VR）和训练者类型（人类与化身）进行了操作，从而加深了人们对家庭环境中平面屏幕和虚拟现实（VR）远程锻炼环境对体力消耗的情感态度的影响的理解。共有 108 名参与者参与了这项研究，他们使用的是为 Oculus Quest 2 头显定制的 VR 应用程序或培训视频，两者都是专门为这项研究准备的。参与者接受了 15 分钟的高强度间歇训练（HIIT），并在 14 天内在家中完成了六次训练。使用 CAWI 技术收集了他们的运动体验和对运动的情感态度数据。接下来，我们使用一个模型对这些数据进行了分析，该模型假定运动体验可以提高运动的积极性。我们还研究了空间存在感和培训师相关性的作用。结果表明，与平板电脑组相比，VR 体育训练积极地改变了人们对锻炼的情感态度。此外，使用数字化身作为培训师对这种积极的态度转变没有负面影响。情感态度的变化主要受基线水平和训练过程中体验到的幸福感的影响。我们在原始模型中添加的与培训师的相关性和空间存在感等因素也对幸福感产生了重大影响。对能力的感知是幸福感的关键决定因素，而对消耗的感知则基本无关紧要。本研究中的 HIIT 方案适用于 VR 运动。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of word presentation during treadmill walking on episodic memory and gait 跑步机行走时单词呈现对外显记忆和步态的影响

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102728

Entrainment emerges when oscillatory movements synchronize with environmental stimuli processing. The purpose of this experiment was to assess how cognitive-motor entrainment during a dual-task would influence the quality of gait and affect episodic long-term memory. Twenty-one participants (22.56 y/o; 64 % F) walked at preferred paces while listening to 40-item word lists. In separate sessions, unique word lists were presented predictably on every fourth stride, unpredictably related to stepping, or predictably while standing. Memory tests administered 24-hr after encoding revealed that predictable word presentation led to better free-recall performance than unpredicted (p = .044); recognition memory was not impacted. Gait phase parameters during the predicted condition were more stable than the unpredicted condition or baseline assessments. Cognitive-motor entrainment may alleviate dual-task costs and enhance memory retention.

当振荡运动与环境刺激处理同步时，就会出现同步。本实验的目的是评估在双重任务中，认知与运动的同步如何影响步态的质量并影响外显长期记忆。21 名参与者（22.56 岁/o；64% 女性）一边听着 40 个单词的单词表，一边以自己喜欢的步速行走。在不同的环节中，独特的单词表会在每迈出第四步时出现，或在迈步时出现，或在站立时出现。编码 24 小时后进行的记忆测试表明，可预测的单词呈现比不可预测的单词呈现能带来更好的自由回忆成绩（p = .044）；识别记忆则不受影响。预测条件下的步态相位参数比未预测条件下或基线评估更稳定。认知-运动协调可减轻双重任务成本并增强记忆保持。

引用次数: 0