Roles of noncoding RNAs in diabetic retinopathy: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Life sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123092

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Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes that leads to vision loss. The striking features of DR are hard exudate, cotton-wool spots, hemorrhage, and neovascularization. The dysregulated retinal cells, encompassing microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, Müller cells, and adjacent retinal pigment epithelial cells, are involved in the pathological processes of DR. According to recent research, oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis contribute to DR. Recent advancements have highlighted that noncoding RNAs could regulate diverse targets in pathological processes that contribute to DR. Noncoding RNAs, including long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNA), and circular RNAs, are dysregulated in DR, and interact with miRNA, mRNA, or proteins to control the pathological processes of DR. Hence, modulation of noncoding RNAs may have therapeutic effects on DR. Small extracellular vesicles may be valuable tools for transferring noncoding RNAs and regulating the genes involved in progression of DR. However, the roles of noncoding RNA in developing DR are not fully understood; it is critical to summarize the mechanisms for noncoding RNA regulation of pathological processes and pathways related to DR. This review provides a fundamental understanding of the relationship between noncoding RNAs and DR, exploring the mechanism of how noncoding RNA modulates different signaling pathways, and pave the way for finding potential therapeutic strategies for DR.

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非编码 RNA 在糖尿病视网膜病变中的作用：机理和治疗意义。

糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是一种导致视力丧失的糖尿病微血管并发症。糖尿病视网膜病变的显著特征是硬性渗出、棉絮状斑点、出血和新生血管。包括微血管内皮细胞、周细胞、Müller 细胞和邻近视网膜色素上皮细胞在内的视网膜细胞失调参与了 DR 的病理过程。最新研究表明，氧化应激、炎症、铁跃变、热跃变、细胞凋亡和血管生成是导致 DR 的原因。最近的研究进展突出表明，非编码 RNA 可在导致 DR 的病理过程中调控不同的靶点。非编码 RNA（包括长非编码 RNA、microRNA（miRNA）和环状 RNA）在 DR 中调控失调，并与 miRNA、mRNA 或蛋白质相互作用，控制 DR 的病理过程。因此，调节非编码 RNA 可能对 DR 有治疗作用。细胞外小泡可能是转移非编码 RNA 和调控参与 DR 进展的基因的重要工具。然而，非编码 RNA 在发展中的 DR 中的作用并不完全清楚；总结非编码 RNA 对与 DR 相关的病理过程和途径的调控机制至关重要。这篇综述提供了非编码 RNA 与 DR 之间关系的基本认识，探讨了非编码 RNA 如何调节不同信号通路的机制，并为寻找 DR 的潜在治疗策略铺平了道路。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Life sciences 医学-药学

CiteScore

12.20

自引率

1.60%

发文量

841

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Life Sciences is an international journal publishing articles that emphasize the molecular, cellular, and functional basis of therapy. The journal emphasizes the understanding of mechanism that is relevant to all aspects of human disease and translation to patients. All articles are rigorously reviewed. The Journal favors publication of full-length papers where modern scientific technologies are used to explain molecular, cellular and physiological mechanisms. Articles that merely report observations are rarely accepted. Recommendations from the Declaration of Helsinki or NIH guidelines for care and use of laboratory animals must be adhered to. Articles should be written at a level accessible to readers who are non-specialists in the topic of the article themselves, but who are interested in the research. The Journal welcomes reviews on topics of wide interest to investigators in the life sciences. We particularly encourage submission of brief, focused reviews containing high-quality artwork and require the use of mechanistic summary diagrams.