How do plastics, including microplastics and plastic-associated chemicals, affect human health?

IF 58.7 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Nature Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI:10.1038/s41591-024-03287-x
Bhedita J. Seewoo, Louise M. Goodes, Kevin V. Thomas, Cassandra Rauert, Ahmed Elagali, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Christos Symeonides, Sarah A. Dunlop
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塑料(包括微塑料和塑料相关化学品)如何影响人类健康?
塑料已深深融入人类社会和经济,但同时也在污染环境。与塑料相关的化学物质进入人体,也有报道称人体器官中存在微塑料和纳米塑料(MNPs)1,2。已经有大量有力的证据表明,塑料相关化学品3 (包括 MNPs 中的化学品)会对健康产生不利影响,因此公共卫生迫切需要制定和实施全面的全球措施,以保护公众和地球健康免受塑料的影响。以现有知识为基础的重要政策建议已于近期出台2,4。塑料是由聚合物骨架与增塑剂、阻燃剂、稳定剂和着色剂等化学添加剂,以及一系列复杂且鲜为人知的非有意添加物质复合而成。这些化学物质大多没有与聚合物基体共价结合,因此能够从塑料中渗出,包括在产品的预期使用过程中和从 MNPs 中渗出2。从受孕前开始,人的一生中都会接触到与塑料相关的化学物质,在怀孕、出生、儿童和成人的人体生物样本中都能持续检测到这些化学物质1,2,3。最近的一份报告显示,与塑料相关的化学物质超过 16,000 种,其中 6,300 种具有高暴露潜力,包括已知从塑料中渗出的 1,500 多种4。尽管已有大量数据表明某些与塑料相关的化学品和化学组1 会对健康产生负面影响,但仍有 66% 的与塑料相关的化学品没有危害数据,而在有危害数据的化学品中,有 4,200 多种(约 75%)已知会危害人类和/或环境健康4。例如,邻苯二甲酸盐和双酚 A 是已知的内分泌干扰物,在普通人群的现有暴露水平下,它们与多种健康影响相关,包括成人的 2 型糖尿病和新生儿的发育变化1,2,3。
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来源期刊
Nature Medicine
Nature Medicine 医学-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
100.90
自引率
0.70%
发文量
525
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Nature Medicine is a monthly journal publishing original peer-reviewed research in all areas of medicine. The publication focuses on originality, timeliness, interdisciplinary interest, and the impact on improving human health. In addition to research articles, Nature Medicine also publishes commissioned content such as News, Reviews, and Perspectives. This content aims to provide context for the latest advances in translational and clinical research, reaching a wide audience of M.D. and Ph.D. readers. All editorial decisions for the journal are made by a team of full-time professional editors. Nature Medicine consider all types of clinical research, including: -Case-reports and small case series -Clinical trials, whether phase 1, 2, 3 or 4 -Observational studies -Meta-analyses -Biomarker studies -Public and global health studies Nature Medicine is also committed to facilitating communication between translational and clinical researchers. As such, we consider “hybrid” studies with preclinical and translational findings reported alongside data from clinical studies.
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