Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03374-z
Barry A. Borlaug, Michael R. Zile, Christopher M. Kramer, Seth J. Baum, Karla Hurt, Sheldon E. Litwin, Masahiro Murakami, Yang Ou, Navneet Upadhyay, Milton Packer
Patients with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) display circulatory volume expansion and pressure overload contributing to cardiovascular–kidney end-organ damage. In the SUMMIT trial, patients with HFpEF and obesity were randomized to the long-acting glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide (n = 364, 200 women) or placebo (n = 367, 193 women). As reported separately, tirzepatide decreased cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure. Here, in this mechanistic secondary analysis of the SUMMIT trial, tirzepatide treatment at 52 weeks, as compared with placebo, reduced systolic blood pressure (estimated treatment difference (ETD) −5 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) −7 to −3; P < 0.001), decreased estimated blood volume (ETD −0.58 l, 95% CI −0.63 to −0.52; P < 0.001) and reduced C-reactive protein levels (ETD −37.2%, 95% CI −45.7 to −27.3; P < 0.001). These changes were coupled with an increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate (ETD 2.90 ml min−1 1.73 m−2 yr−1, 95% CI 0.94 to 4.86; P = 0.004), a decrease in urine albumin–creatinine ratio (ETD 24 weeks, −25.0%, 95% CI −36 to −13%; P < 0.001; 52 weeks, −15%, 95% CI −28 to 0.1; P = 0.051), a reduction in N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide levels (ETD 52 weeks −10.5%, 95% CI −20.7 to 1.0%; P = 0.07) and a reduction in troponin T levels (ETD 52 weeks −10.4%, 95% CI −16.7 to −3.6; P = 0.003). In post hoc exploratory analyses, decreased estimated blood volume with tirzepatide treatment was significantly correlated with decreased blood pressure, reduced microalbuminuria, improved Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score and increased 6-min walk distance. Moreover, decreased C-reactive protein levels were correlated with reduced troponin T levels and improved 6-min walk distance. In conclusion, tirzepatide reduced circulatory volume–pressure overload and systemic inflammation and mitigated cardiovascular–kidney end-organ injury in patients with HFpEF and obesity, providing new insights into the mechanisms of benefit from tirzepatide. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04847557.
肥胖相关性射血分数保留型心力衰竭(HFpEF)患者会出现循环容量扩张和压力超负荷,导致心血管-肾脏内脏损伤。在 SUMMIT 试验中,HFpEF 和肥胖症患者随机接受长效葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽受体和胰高血糖素样肽-1 受体激动剂替西帕肽(n = 364,200 名女性)或安慰剂(n = 367,193 名女性)治疗。另据报道,替扎帕肽可减少心血管死亡或心衰恶化。在这项对 SUMMIT 试验的机理二次分析中,与安慰剂相比,替扎帕肽治疗 52 周可降低收缩压(估计治疗差异 (ETD) -5 mmHg,95% 置信区间 (CI) -7 至 -3;P < 0.001),降低了估计血容量(ETD -0.58 升,95% CI -0.63 至 -0.52;P <;0.001),降低了 C 反应蛋白水平(ETD -37.2%,95% CI -45.7 至 -27.3;P <;0.001)。这些变化与估计肾小球滤过率的增加(ETD 2.90 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 yr-1,95% CI 0.94 至 4.86;P = 0.004)、尿白蛋白-肌酐比值的降低(ETD 24 周,-25.0%,95% CI -36 至 -13%;P < 0.001;52周,-15%,95% CI -28 至 0.1;P = 0.051),N-末端前体 B 型钠尿肽水平降低(ETD 52 周 -10.5%,95% CI -20.7 至 1.0%;P = 0.07),肌钙蛋白 T 水平降低(ETD 52 周 -10.4%,95% CI -16.7 至 -3.6;P = 0.003)。在事后探索性分析中,使用替扎帕肽治疗后估计血容量的减少与血压降低、微量白蛋白尿减少、堪萨斯城心肌病问卷临床综合评分改善和 6 分钟步行距离增加显著相关。此外,C 反应蛋白水平的降低与肌钙蛋白 T 水平的降低和 6 分钟步行距离的增加也有相关性。总之,替扎帕肽减轻了高频肾衰竭和肥胖患者的循环容量-压力过载和全身炎症,减轻了心血管-肾脏终末器官损伤,为了解替扎帕肽的获益机制提供了新的视角。ClinicalTrials.gov 注册:NCT04847557。
{"title":"Effects of tirzepatide on circulatory overload and end-organ damage in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity: a secondary analysis of the SUMMIT trial","authors":"Barry A. Borlaug, Michael R. Zile, Christopher M. Kramer, Seth J. Baum, Karla Hurt, Sheldon E. Litwin, Masahiro Murakami, Yang Ou, Navneet Upadhyay, Milton Packer","doi":"10.1038/s41591-024-03374-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03374-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patients with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) display circulatory volume expansion and pressure overload contributing to cardiovascular–kidney end-organ damage. In the SUMMIT trial, patients with HFpEF and obesity were randomized to the long-acting glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide (<i>n</i> = 364, 200 women) or placebo (<i>n</i> = 367, 193 women). As reported separately, tirzepatide decreased cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure. Here, in this mechanistic secondary analysis of the SUMMIT trial, tirzepatide treatment at 52 weeks, as compared with placebo, reduced systolic blood pressure (estimated treatment difference (ETD) −5 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) −7 to −3; <i>P</i> < 0.001), decreased estimated blood volume (ETD −0.58 l, 95% CI −0.63 to −0.52; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and reduced C-reactive protein levels (ETD −37.2%, 95% CI −45.7 to −27.3; <i>P</i> < 0.001). These changes were coupled with an increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate (ETD 2.90 ml min<sup>−1</sup> 1.73 m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>, 95% CI 0.94 to 4.86; <i>P</i> = 0.004), a decrease in urine albumin–creatinine ratio (ETD 24 weeks, −25.0%, 95% CI −36 to −13%; <i>P</i> < 0.001; 52 weeks, −15%, 95% CI −28 to 0.1; <i>P</i> = 0.051), a reduction in N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide levels (ETD 52 weeks −10.5%, 95% CI −20.7 to 1.0%; <i>P</i> = 0.07) and a reduction in troponin T levels (ETD 52 weeks −10.4%, 95% CI −16.7 to −3.6; <i>P</i> = 0.003). In post hoc exploratory analyses, decreased estimated blood volume with tirzepatide treatment was significantly correlated with decreased blood pressure, reduced microalbuminuria, improved Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score and increased 6-min walk distance. Moreover, decreased C-reactive protein levels were correlated with reduced troponin T levels and improved 6-min walk distance. In conclusion, tirzepatide reduced circulatory volume–pressure overload and systemic inflammation and mitigated cardiovascular–kidney end-organ injury in patients with HFpEF and obesity, providing new insights into the mechanisms of benefit from tirzepatide. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04847557.</p>","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":82.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03404-w
Steven M Horwitz, Ajit J Nirmal, Jahan Rahman, Ran Xu, Esther Drill, Natasha Galasso, Nivetha Ganesan, Theresa Davey, Helen Hancock, Leslie Perez, Catherine Maccaro, Alexandra Bahgat, Evan Marzouk, Elizabeth Cathcart, Alison Moskowitz, Ariela Noy, Anita Kumar, Eric Jacobsen, David C Fisher, Neha Mehta-Shah, Youn H Kim, Michael Khodadoust, Nikita Kotlov, Anastasia Nikitina, Olga Kudryashova, Valeria Zubareva, Ksenia Zornikova, Nara Shin, Maria Sorokina, Sandrine Degryse, Ekaterina Postovalova, Aleksander Bagaev, Kinga Hosszu, Devin McAvoy, Jaap J Boelens, Wenchao Wu, Zoe Ciantra, Jackson W Appelt, Christopher Trevisani, Sam Amaka, David M Weinstock, Santosha A Vardhana
{"title":"Author Correction: Duvelisib plus romidepsin in relapsed/refractory T cell lymphomas: a phase 1b/2a trial.","authors":"Steven M Horwitz, Ajit J Nirmal, Jahan Rahman, Ran Xu, Esther Drill, Natasha Galasso, Nivetha Ganesan, Theresa Davey, Helen Hancock, Leslie Perez, Catherine Maccaro, Alexandra Bahgat, Evan Marzouk, Elizabeth Cathcart, Alison Moskowitz, Ariela Noy, Anita Kumar, Eric Jacobsen, David C Fisher, Neha Mehta-Shah, Youn H Kim, Michael Khodadoust, Nikita Kotlov, Anastasia Nikitina, Olga Kudryashova, Valeria Zubareva, Ksenia Zornikova, Nara Shin, Maria Sorokina, Sandrine Degryse, Ekaterina Postovalova, Aleksander Bagaev, Kinga Hosszu, Devin McAvoy, Jaap J Boelens, Wenchao Wu, Zoe Ciantra, Jackson W Appelt, Christopher Trevisani, Sam Amaka, David M Weinstock, Santosha A Vardhana","doi":"10.1038/s41591-024-03404-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03404-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":58.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03382-z
As GLP-1 receptor agonists emerge as treatment options for conditions beyond diabetes and obesity, it becomes critical to understand how genetic, clinical and sociodemographic differences impact their effects on weight loss.
{"title":"Are GLP-1 drugs really for everybody?","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41591-024-03382-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41591-024-03382-z","url":null,"abstract":"As GLP-1 receptor agonists emerge as treatment options for conditions beyond diabetes and obesity, it becomes critical to understand how genetic, clinical and sociodemographic differences impact their effects on weight loss.","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"30 11","pages":"3029-3029"},"PeriodicalIF":58.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03382-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The interim analysis of the CIRCULATE-Japan GALAXY observational study demonstrated the association of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based molecular residual disease (MRD) detection with recurrence risk and benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in resectable colorectal cancer (CRC). This updated analysis with a 23-month median follow-up, including 2,240 patients with stage II–III colon cancer or stage IV CRC, reinforces the prognostic value of ctDNA positivity during the MRD window with significantly inferior disease-free survival (DFS; hazard ratio (HR): 11.99, P < 0.0001) and overall survival (OS; HR: 9.68, P < 0.0001). In patients who experienced recurrence, ctDNA positivity correlated with shorter OS (HR: 2.71, P < 0.0001). The significantly shorter DFS in MRD-positive patients was consistent across actionable biomarker subsets. Sustained ctDNA clearance in response to ACT was an indicator of favorable DFS and OS compared to transient clearance (24-month DFS: 89.0% versus 3.3%; 24-month OS: 100.0% versus 82.3%). True spontaneous clearance rate with no clinical recurrence was 1.9% (2/105). Overall, our findings provide evidence for the utility of ctDNA monitoring for post-resection recurrence and mortality risk stratification that could be used for guiding adjuvant therapy. In a large cohort with a 23-month median follow-up of the CIRCULATE-Japan GALAXY observational study, ctDNA-based detection of molecular residual disease was predictive of survival outcomes and benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resectable colorectal cancer.
{"title":"ctDNA-based molecular residual disease and survival in resectable colorectal cancer","authors":"Yoshiaki Nakamura, Jun Watanabe, Naoya Akazawa, Keiji Hirata, Kozo Kataoka, Mitsuru Yokota, Kentaro Kato, Masahito Kotaka, Yoshinori Kagawa, Kun-Huei Yeh, Saori Mishima, Hiroki Yukami, Koji Ando, Masaaki Miyo, Toshihiro Misumi, Kentaro Yamazaki, Hiromichi Ebi, Kenji Okita, Atsushi Hamabe, Hiroki Sokuoka, Satoshi Kobayashi, George Laliotis, Vasily N. Aushev, Shruti Sharma, Adham Jurdi, Minetta C. Liu, Alexey Aleshin, Matthew Rabinowitz, Hideaki Bando, Hiroya Taniguchi, Ichiro Takemasa, Takeshi Kato, Daisuke Kotani, Masaki Mori, Takayuki Yoshino, Eiji Oki","doi":"10.1038/s41591-024-03254-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41591-024-03254-6","url":null,"abstract":"The interim analysis of the CIRCULATE-Japan GALAXY observational study demonstrated the association of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based molecular residual disease (MRD) detection with recurrence risk and benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in resectable colorectal cancer (CRC). This updated analysis with a 23-month median follow-up, including 2,240 patients with stage II–III colon cancer or stage IV CRC, reinforces the prognostic value of ctDNA positivity during the MRD window with significantly inferior disease-free survival (DFS; hazard ratio (HR): 11.99, P < 0.0001) and overall survival (OS; HR: 9.68, P < 0.0001). In patients who experienced recurrence, ctDNA positivity correlated with shorter OS (HR: 2.71, P < 0.0001). The significantly shorter DFS in MRD-positive patients was consistent across actionable biomarker subsets. Sustained ctDNA clearance in response to ACT was an indicator of favorable DFS and OS compared to transient clearance (24-month DFS: 89.0% versus 3.3%; 24-month OS: 100.0% versus 82.3%). True spontaneous clearance rate with no clinical recurrence was 1.9% (2/105). Overall, our findings provide evidence for the utility of ctDNA monitoring for post-resection recurrence and mortality risk stratification that could be used for guiding adjuvant therapy. In a large cohort with a 23-month median follow-up of the CIRCULATE-Japan GALAXY observational study, ctDNA-based detection of molecular residual disease was predictive of survival outcomes and benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resectable colorectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"30 11","pages":"3272-3283"},"PeriodicalIF":58.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03254-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03249-3
Iris Nederlof, Olga I. Isaeva, Manon de Graaf, Robbert C. A. M. Gielen, Noor A. M. Bakker, Adrianne L. Rolfes, Hannah Garner, Bram Boeckx, Joleen J. H. Traets, Ingrid A. M. Mandjes, Michiel de Maaker, Thomas van Brussel, Maksim Chelushkin, Elisa Champanhet, Marta Lopez-Yurda, Koen van de Vijver, José G. van den Berg, Ingrid Hofland, Natasja Klioueva, Ritse M. Mann, Claudette E. Loo, Frederieke H. van Duijnhoven, Victoria Skinner, Sylvia Luykx, Emile Kerver, Ekaterina Kalashnikova, Marloes G. J. van Dongen, Gabe S. Sonke, Sabine C. Linn, Christian U. Blank, Karin E. de Visser, Roberto Salgado, Lodewyk F. A. Wessels, Caroline A. Drukker, Ton N. Schumacher, Hugo M. Horlings, Diether Lambrechts, Marleen Kok
Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) with chemotherapy is now the standard of care for stage II–III triple-negative breast cancer; however, it is largely unknown for which patients ICI without chemotherapy could be an option and what the benefit of combination ICI could be. The adaptive BELLINI trial explored whether short combination ICI induces immune activation (primary end point, twofold increase in CD8+ T cells or IFNG), providing a rationale for neoadjuvant ICI without chemotherapy. Here, in window-of-opportunity cohorts A (4 weeks of anti-PD-1) and B (4 weeks of anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA4), we observed immune activation in 53% (8 of 15) and 60% (9 of 15) of patients, respectively. High levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes correlated with response. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that higher pretreatment tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells, follicular helper T cells and shorter distances between tumor and CD8+ T cells correlated with response. Higher levels of regulatory T cells after treatment were associated with nonresponse. Based on these data, we opened cohort C for patients with high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (≥50%) who received 6 weeks of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA4 followed by surgery (primary end point, pathological complete response). Overall, 53% (8 of 15) of patients had a major pathological response (<10% viable tumor) at resection, with 33% (5 of 15) having a pathological complete response. All cohorts met Simon’s two-stage threshold for expansion to stage II. We observed grade ≥3 adverse events for 17% of patients and a high rate (57%) of immune-mediated endocrinopathies. In conclusion, neoadjuvant immunotherapy without chemotherapy demonstrates potential efficacy and warrants further investigation in patients with early triple-negative breast cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03815890 . In the phase 2 adaptive BELLINI trial, patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer received neoadjuvant nivolumab with or without ipilimumab, showing immune activation, clearance of circulating tumor DNA and promising clinical response rates, especially in patients preselected based on high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)联合化疗是目前治疗II-III期三阴性乳腺癌的标准疗法;然而,对于哪些患者可以选择不化疗的ICI,以及联合ICI的益处有多大,目前还不得而知。适应性 BELLINI 试验探讨了短期联合 ICI 是否会诱导免疫激活(主要终点:CD8+ T 细胞或 IFNG 增加两倍),为不进行化疗的新辅助 ICI 提供了理论依据。在这里,我们在机会之窗队列A(4周抗PD-1)和队列B(4周抗PD-1+抗CTLA4)中分别观察到53%(15例中的8例)和60%(15例中的9例)的患者出现免疫激活。高水平的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞与反应相关。单细胞 RNA 测序显示,治疗前较高的肿瘤反应性 CD8+ T 细胞、滤泡辅助性 T 细胞以及肿瘤与 CD8+ T 细胞之间较短的距离与反应相关。治疗后较高水平的调节性T细胞与无应答相关。基于这些数据,我们为肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞水平较高(≥50%)的患者设立了队列C,这些患者接受了6周的新辅助抗PD-1+抗CTLA4治疗,随后进行了手术(主要终点:病理完全反应)。总体而言,53%的患者(15例中的8例)在切除时获得了主要病理反应(肿瘤存活率为10%),33%的患者(15例中的5例)获得了病理完全反应。所有组别均符合西蒙的两期阈值,可扩展至 II 期。我们观察到17%的患者出现≥3级不良反应,免疫介导的内分泌病变发生率较高(57%)。总之,无化疗的新辅助免疫疗法具有潜在疗效,值得对早期三阴性乳腺癌患者进行进一步研究。ClinicalTrials.gov 注册:NCT03815890。
{"title":"Neoadjuvant nivolumab or nivolumab plus ipilimumab in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: a phase 2 adaptive trial","authors":"Iris Nederlof, Olga I. Isaeva, Manon de Graaf, Robbert C. A. M. Gielen, Noor A. M. Bakker, Adrianne L. Rolfes, Hannah Garner, Bram Boeckx, Joleen J. H. Traets, Ingrid A. M. Mandjes, Michiel de Maaker, Thomas van Brussel, Maksim Chelushkin, Elisa Champanhet, Marta Lopez-Yurda, Koen van de Vijver, José G. van den Berg, Ingrid Hofland, Natasja Klioueva, Ritse M. Mann, Claudette E. Loo, Frederieke H. van Duijnhoven, Victoria Skinner, Sylvia Luykx, Emile Kerver, Ekaterina Kalashnikova, Marloes G. J. van Dongen, Gabe S. Sonke, Sabine C. Linn, Christian U. Blank, Karin E. de Visser, Roberto Salgado, Lodewyk F. A. Wessels, Caroline A. Drukker, Ton N. Schumacher, Hugo M. Horlings, Diether Lambrechts, Marleen Kok","doi":"10.1038/s41591-024-03249-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41591-024-03249-3","url":null,"abstract":"Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) with chemotherapy is now the standard of care for stage II–III triple-negative breast cancer; however, it is largely unknown for which patients ICI without chemotherapy could be an option and what the benefit of combination ICI could be. The adaptive BELLINI trial explored whether short combination ICI induces immune activation (primary end point, twofold increase in CD8+ T cells or IFNG), providing a rationale for neoadjuvant ICI without chemotherapy. Here, in window-of-opportunity cohorts A (4 weeks of anti-PD-1) and B (4 weeks of anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA4), we observed immune activation in 53% (8 of 15) and 60% (9 of 15) of patients, respectively. High levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes correlated with response. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that higher pretreatment tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells, follicular helper T cells and shorter distances between tumor and CD8+ T cells correlated with response. Higher levels of regulatory T cells after treatment were associated with nonresponse. Based on these data, we opened cohort C for patients with high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (≥50%) who received 6 weeks of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA4 followed by surgery (primary end point, pathological complete response). Overall, 53% (8 of 15) of patients had a major pathological response (<10% viable tumor) at resection, with 33% (5 of 15) having a pathological complete response. All cohorts met Simon’s two-stage threshold for expansion to stage II. We observed grade ≥3 adverse events for 17% of patients and a high rate (57%) of immune-mediated endocrinopathies. In conclusion, neoadjuvant immunotherapy without chemotherapy demonstrates potential efficacy and warrants further investigation in patients with early triple-negative breast cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03815890 . In the phase 2 adaptive BELLINI trial, patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer received neoadjuvant nivolumab with or without ipilimumab, showing immune activation, clearance of circulating tumor DNA and promising clinical response rates, especially in patients preselected based on high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"30 11","pages":"3223-3235"},"PeriodicalIF":58.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03249-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03250-w
Peter G. M. de Gooyer, Yara L. Verschoor, Lauren D. W. van den Dungen, Sara Balduzzi, Hendrik A. Marsman, Marnix H. Geukes Foppen, Cecile Grootscholten, Simone Dokter, Anne G. den Hartog, Wieke H. M. Verbeek, Karlijn Woensdregt, Joris J. van den Broek, Steven J. Oosterling, Ton N. Schumacher, Koert F. D. Kuhlmann, Regina G. H. Beets-Tan, John B. A. G. Haanen, Monique E. van Leerdam, Jose G. van den Berg, Myriam Chalabi
Mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) is found in approximately 15% of non-metastatic colon cancers (CCs) and is characterized by a defective DNA mismatch repair system, resulting in hypermutated and highly immunogenic tumors. Although patients with dMMR CC have limited benefit from chemotherapy, these tumors have been shown to respond exceptionally well to neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4, with high rates of pathologic responses. Here, based on data from melanoma studies, we postulated a high efficacy and favorable toxicity profile of anti-PD-1 plus anti-LAG-3. In the NICHE-3 study, a total of 59 patients with locally advanced dMMR CC were treated with two 4-weekly cycles of nivolumab (480 mg) plus relatlimab (480 mg) before surgery. Pathologic response was observed in 57 of 59 (97%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 88–100%) patients, meeting the primary endpoint. Responses included 54 (92%; 95% CI: 81–97%) major pathologic responses (≤10% residual viable tumor) and 40 (68%; 95% CI: 54–79%) pathologic complete responses. With a median follow-up of 8 months (range, 2–19), one patient had recurrence of disease. The treatment displayed an acceptable safety profile, with all-grade and grade 3–4 immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occurring in 80% and 10% of patients, respectively. The most common irAEs were infusion-related reactions (29%), thyroid dysfunction (22%) and fatigue (20%). In conclusion, our results show that neoadjuvant nivolumab/relatlimab induces high rates of pathologic responses and that further investigation of this treatment in larger studies is warranted. These data add to the body of evidence in support of neoadjuvant immunotherapy regimens in dMMR CC. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03026140 . In the phase 2 NICHE-3 trial, patients with locally advanced mismatch repair-deficient colon cancer who were treated with neoadjuvant anti-PD1 and anti-LAG3 agents showed high rates of pathological responses, requiring validation in larger trials.
{"title":"Neoadjuvant nivolumab and relatlimab in locally advanced MMR-deficient colon cancer: a phase 2 trial","authors":"Peter G. M. de Gooyer, Yara L. Verschoor, Lauren D. W. van den Dungen, Sara Balduzzi, Hendrik A. Marsman, Marnix H. Geukes Foppen, Cecile Grootscholten, Simone Dokter, Anne G. den Hartog, Wieke H. M. Verbeek, Karlijn Woensdregt, Joris J. van den Broek, Steven J. Oosterling, Ton N. Schumacher, Koert F. D. Kuhlmann, Regina G. H. Beets-Tan, John B. A. G. Haanen, Monique E. van Leerdam, Jose G. van den Berg, Myriam Chalabi","doi":"10.1038/s41591-024-03250-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41591-024-03250-w","url":null,"abstract":"Mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) is found in approximately 15% of non-metastatic colon cancers (CCs) and is characterized by a defective DNA mismatch repair system, resulting in hypermutated and highly immunogenic tumors. Although patients with dMMR CC have limited benefit from chemotherapy, these tumors have been shown to respond exceptionally well to neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4, with high rates of pathologic responses. Here, based on data from melanoma studies, we postulated a high efficacy and favorable toxicity profile of anti-PD-1 plus anti-LAG-3. In the NICHE-3 study, a total of 59 patients with locally advanced dMMR CC were treated with two 4-weekly cycles of nivolumab (480 mg) plus relatlimab (480 mg) before surgery. Pathologic response was observed in 57 of 59 (97%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 88–100%) patients, meeting the primary endpoint. Responses included 54 (92%; 95% CI: 81–97%) major pathologic responses (≤10% residual viable tumor) and 40 (68%; 95% CI: 54–79%) pathologic complete responses. With a median follow-up of 8 months (range, 2–19), one patient had recurrence of disease. The treatment displayed an acceptable safety profile, with all-grade and grade 3–4 immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occurring in 80% and 10% of patients, respectively. The most common irAEs were infusion-related reactions (29%), thyroid dysfunction (22%) and fatigue (20%). In conclusion, our results show that neoadjuvant nivolumab/relatlimab induces high rates of pathologic responses and that further investigation of this treatment in larger studies is warranted. These data add to the body of evidence in support of neoadjuvant immunotherapy regimens in dMMR CC. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03026140 . In the phase 2 NICHE-3 trial, patients with locally advanced mismatch repair-deficient colon cancer who were treated with neoadjuvant anti-PD1 and anti-LAG3 agents showed high rates of pathological responses, requiring validation in larger trials.","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"30 11","pages":"3284-3290"},"PeriodicalIF":58.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03250-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03241-x
Ali Abbasi, Donna Rivera, Lesley H. Curtis, Robert M. Califf
Post-approval evidence generation is essential for high-quality clinical care and should be a shared priority for clinicians, health systems, payors, and the medical products industry, as well as the FDA and federal agencies.
批准后的证据生成对高质量的临床治疗至关重要,应成为临床医生、医疗系统、付款人、医疗产品行业以及 FDA 和联邦机构的共同优先事项。
{"title":"Post-approval evidence generation: a shared responsibility for healthcare","authors":"Ali Abbasi, Donna Rivera, Lesley H. Curtis, Robert M. Califf","doi":"10.1038/s41591-024-03241-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41591-024-03241-x","url":null,"abstract":"Post-approval evidence generation is essential for high-quality clinical care and should be a shared priority for clinicians, health systems, payors, and the medical products industry, as well as the FDA and federal agencies.","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"30 11","pages":"3046-3049"},"PeriodicalIF":58.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03246-6
Andrea Ganna, Angel Carracedo, Christian F. Christiansen, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Pearl A. Dykstra, Angel M. Dzhambov, Roland Eils, Sara Green, Katharina L. Schneider, Tibor V. Varga, Anna-Leena Vuorinen, Luisa Zuccolo, Naja Hulvej Rod, Klaus Hoeyer
The European Health Data Space provides an opportunity to benefit patients and the public.
欧洲健康数据空间提供了一个造福患者和公众的机会。
{"title":"The European Health Data Space can be a boost for research beyond borders","authors":"Andrea Ganna, Angel Carracedo, Christian F. Christiansen, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Pearl A. Dykstra, Angel M. Dzhambov, Roland Eils, Sara Green, Katharina L. Schneider, Tibor V. Varga, Anna-Leena Vuorinen, Luisa Zuccolo, Naja Hulvej Rod, Klaus Hoeyer","doi":"10.1038/s41591-024-03246-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41591-024-03246-6","url":null,"abstract":"The European Health Data Space provides an opportunity to benefit patients and the public.","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"30 11","pages":"3053-3056"},"PeriodicalIF":58.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03214-0
Lukas Heumos, Philipp Ehmele, Tim Treis, Julius Upmeier zu Belzen, Eljas Roellin, Lilly May, Altana Namsaraeva, Nastassya Horlava, Vladimir A. Shitov, Xinyue Zhang, Luke Zappia, Rainer Knoll, Niklas J. Lang, Leon Hetzel, Isaac Virshup, Lisa Sikkema, Fabiola Curion, Roland Eils, Herbert B. Schiller, Anne Hilgendorff, Fabian J. Theis
With progressive digitalization of healthcare systems worldwide, large-scale collection of electronic health records (EHRs) has become commonplace. However, an extensible framework for comprehensive exploratory analysis that accounts for data heterogeneity is missing. Here we introduce ehrapy, a modular open-source Python framework designed for exploratory analysis of heterogeneous epidemiology and EHR data. ehrapy incorporates a series of analytical steps, from data extraction and quality control to the generation of low-dimensional representations. Complemented by rich statistical modules, ehrapy facilitates associating patients with disease states, differential comparison between patient clusters, survival analysis, trajectory inference, causal inference and more. Leveraging ontologies, ehrapy further enables data sharing and training EHR deep learning models, paving the way for foundational models in biomedical research. We demonstrate ehrapy’s features in six distinct examples. We applied ehrapy to stratify patients affected by unspecified pneumonia into finer-grained phenotypes. Furthermore, we reveal biomarkers for significant differences in survival among these groups. Additionally, we quantify medication-class effects of pneumonia medications on length of stay. We further leveraged ehrapy to analyze cardiovascular risks across different data modalities. We reconstructed disease state trajectories in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) based on imaging data. Finally, we conducted a case study to demonstrate how ehrapy can detect and mitigate biases in EHR data. ehrapy, thus, provides a framework that we envision will standardize analysis pipelines on EHR data and serve as a cornerstone for the community. Incorporating a series of analytical steps, from data extraction and quality control to the generation of low-dimensional representations and to longitudinal analyses, an open-source software is proposed to standardize current electronic health record data processing and analysis pipelines.
{"title":"An open-source framework for end-to-end analysis of electronic health record data","authors":"Lukas Heumos, Philipp Ehmele, Tim Treis, Julius Upmeier zu Belzen, Eljas Roellin, Lilly May, Altana Namsaraeva, Nastassya Horlava, Vladimir A. Shitov, Xinyue Zhang, Luke Zappia, Rainer Knoll, Niklas J. Lang, Leon Hetzel, Isaac Virshup, Lisa Sikkema, Fabiola Curion, Roland Eils, Herbert B. Schiller, Anne Hilgendorff, Fabian J. Theis","doi":"10.1038/s41591-024-03214-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41591-024-03214-0","url":null,"abstract":"With progressive digitalization of healthcare systems worldwide, large-scale collection of electronic health records (EHRs) has become commonplace. However, an extensible framework for comprehensive exploratory analysis that accounts for data heterogeneity is missing. Here we introduce ehrapy, a modular open-source Python framework designed for exploratory analysis of heterogeneous epidemiology and EHR data. ehrapy incorporates a series of analytical steps, from data extraction and quality control to the generation of low-dimensional representations. Complemented by rich statistical modules, ehrapy facilitates associating patients with disease states, differential comparison between patient clusters, survival analysis, trajectory inference, causal inference and more. Leveraging ontologies, ehrapy further enables data sharing and training EHR deep learning models, paving the way for foundational models in biomedical research. We demonstrate ehrapy’s features in six distinct examples. We applied ehrapy to stratify patients affected by unspecified pneumonia into finer-grained phenotypes. Furthermore, we reveal biomarkers for significant differences in survival among these groups. Additionally, we quantify medication-class effects of pneumonia medications on length of stay. We further leveraged ehrapy to analyze cardiovascular risks across different data modalities. We reconstructed disease state trajectories in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) based on imaging data. Finally, we conducted a case study to demonstrate how ehrapy can detect and mitigate biases in EHR data. ehrapy, thus, provides a framework that we envision will standardize analysis pipelines on EHR data and serve as a cornerstone for the community. Incorporating a series of analytical steps, from data extraction and quality control to the generation of low-dimensional representations and to longitudinal analyses, an open-source software is proposed to standardize current electronic health record data processing and analysis pipelines.","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"30 11","pages":"3369-3380"},"PeriodicalIF":58.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03214-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03237-7
Sarah E. Hughes, Nicola E. Anderson, Eleanor Hathaway, Christel McMullan, Benjamin M. A. Hughes, Philip Collis, John Devin Peipert, Shamil Haroon, Melanie Calvert
{"title":"Opportunities and challenges for patient-reported outcome assessment in multimorbidity research and practice","authors":"Sarah E. Hughes, Nicola E. Anderson, Eleanor Hathaway, Christel McMullan, Benjamin M. A. Hughes, Philip Collis, John Devin Peipert, Shamil Haroon, Melanie Calvert","doi":"10.1038/s41591-024-03237-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41591-024-03237-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19037,"journal":{"name":"Nature Medicine","volume":"30 11","pages":"3042-3043"},"PeriodicalIF":58.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}