Huiyin Huang, Juan Luo, Rui Ma, Dengcai Zhang, Shichang Sun, Chaoyong Du
{"title":"Review on microwave immobilization of soil heavy metals: Processes and mechanisms.","authors":"Huiyin Huang, Juan Luo, Rui Ma, Dengcai Zhang, Shichang Sun, Chaoyong Du","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122824","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil contamination with heavy metals (HMs) is still a global issue. The maintenance of long-term stability of HMs in soil during immobilization remediation is a challenge. Microwave (MW) technology can promote the immobilization of HMs in the form of crystals and minerals, thus enhancing their resistance of corrosion. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the basics of MW irradiation through 177 papers, and reviews the research progress of MW involvement in the immobilization of soil HMs in 10 years. The effects of MW parameter settings, absorber/fixative types and soil physicochemical properties on immobilized HMs are investigated. The immobilization mechanisms of HMs are discussed, high-temperature physical encapsulation and chemical stabilization are the two basic mechanisms in the immobilization process. MW has a unique heating method to achieve efficient remediation by shortening remediation time, reducing the activation energy of reactions and promoting the transformation of stabilization products. Finally, the current limitations of MW in the remediation of HMs contaminated soils are systematically discussed and the corresponding proposed solutions are presented which may provide directions for further laboratory studies. There are still serious problems in taking the results obtained in the laboratory to the full scale. Thus, process optimization, scale-up, design and demonstration are strongly desired. In summary, this review may help new researchers to seize the research frontier in MW and can serve as a reference for future development of MW technology in soil remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Environmental Management","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122824","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Soil contamination with heavy metals (HMs) is still a global issue. The maintenance of long-term stability of HMs in soil during immobilization remediation is a challenge. Microwave (MW) technology can promote the immobilization of HMs in the form of crystals and minerals, thus enhancing their resistance of corrosion. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the basics of MW irradiation through 177 papers, and reviews the research progress of MW involvement in the immobilization of soil HMs in 10 years. The effects of MW parameter settings, absorber/fixative types and soil physicochemical properties on immobilized HMs are investigated. The immobilization mechanisms of HMs are discussed, high-temperature physical encapsulation and chemical stabilization are the two basic mechanisms in the immobilization process. MW has a unique heating method to achieve efficient remediation by shortening remediation time, reducing the activation energy of reactions and promoting the transformation of stabilization products. Finally, the current limitations of MW in the remediation of HMs contaminated soils are systematically discussed and the corresponding proposed solutions are presented which may provide directions for further laboratory studies. There are still serious problems in taking the results obtained in the laboratory to the full scale. Thus, process optimization, scale-up, design and demonstration are strongly desired. In summary, this review may help new researchers to seize the research frontier in MW and can serve as a reference for future development of MW technology in soil remediation.
土壤重金属(HMs)污染仍然是一个全球性问题。如何在固定化修复过程中保持土壤中 HMs 的长期稳定性是一项挑战。微波(MW)技术可以促进重金属以晶体和矿物的形式固定化,从而增强其抗腐蚀能力。本综述通过 177 篇论文全面介绍了微波辐照的基础知识,并回顾了 10 年来微波参与土壤 HMs 固定化的研究进展。研究了水力辐照参数设置、吸收剂/固定剂类型和土壤理化性质对固定化 HMs 的影响。讨论了 HMs 的固定化机制,高温物理封装和化学稳定是固定化过程中的两种基本机制。MW 具有独特的加热方法,可通过缩短修复时间、降低反应活化能和促进稳定化产物的转化来实现高效修复。最后,系统地讨论了目前 MW 在 HMs 污染土壤修复中的局限性,并提出了相应的解决方案,为进一步的实验室研究提供了方向。将实验室中获得的结果全面应用仍存在严重问题。因此,非常有必要进行工艺优化、规模扩大、设计和示范。总之,本综述可帮助新的研究人员抓住水处理技术的研究前沿,并为水处理技术在土壤修复领域的未来发展提供参考。
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Environmental Management is a journal for the publication of peer reviewed, original research for all aspects of management and the managed use of the environment, both natural and man-made.Critical review articles are also welcome; submission of these is strongly encouraged.