Adverse childhood experiences and profiles of healthy orthorexia versus orthorexia nervosa: towards an explanatory model of orthorexia as a multidimensional eating style.

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI:10.1007/s40519-024-01694-0

Marcin Rzeszutek, Joanna Kowalkowska, Małgorzata Dragan, Katarzyna Schier, Maja Lis-Turlejska, Paweł Holas, Katarzyna Drabarek, Angelika Van Hoy, Dominika Maison, Gabriela Wdowczyk, Elżbieta Litwin, Julia Wawrzyniak, Wiktoria Znamirowska, Szymon Szumiał, Małgorzata Desmond

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Abstract

Background: Orthorexia is a complex phenomenon comprising distinct dimensions, including orthorexia nervosa (ON) and healthy orthorexia (HO). However, little is known about the factors influencing these dimensions, their disparities, and the psychological factors underlying orthorexia behaviours.

Objectives: This study aims to explore ON versus HO dimensions and the predictive role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a nationally representative sample of Polish individuals. In addition, we aim to investigate the mediating roles of alexithymia, embodiment, and experiential avoidance levels in this association.

Methods: A representative sample of Polish adults (n = 3557) participated in this study. Dimensions of orthorexia (HO, ON) were assessed using the Teruel Orthorexia Scale, while ACEs were evaluated using the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire. Levels of alexithymia were measured using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, experiential avoidance through the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, and embodiment intensity via the Experience of Embodiment Scale.

Results: Cluster analysis identified two distinctive orthorexia profiles in the whole sample, i.e., HO (n = 469) and ON (n = 1217), alongside three intermediate HO/ON profiles (n = 1871). The number of ACEs predicted ON tendencies as opposed to HO behaviours in participants. The mediating role of alexithymia, experiential avoidance, and embodiment in the association between ACEs and ON was also observed.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that orthorexia is a multidimensional eating style shaped by socio-cultural factors. Adverse childhood experiences may be related to ON behaviours by mediating psychological factors such as experiential avoidance, alexithymia, and embodiment. Effective education and collaborative support are necessary for addressing ON tendencies.

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童年的不良经历与健康厌食症和神经性厌食症的特征：将厌食症作为一种多维饮食方式的解释模型。

背景：正视性厌食症是一种复杂的现象，包括神经性正视性厌食症（ON）和健康性正视性厌食症（HO）。然而，人们对这些方面的影响因素、它们之间的差异以及矫形行为背后的心理因素知之甚少：本研究的目的是在具有全国代表性的波兰人样本中，探讨 "畸形 "与 "健康 "的维度，以及童年不良经历（ACEs）的预测作用。此外，我们还旨在研究自闭症、体现和经验回避水平在这一关联中的中介作用：方法：具有代表性的波兰成年人样本（n = 3557）参与了本研究。研究使用特鲁埃尔厌食症量表（Teruel Orthorexia Scale）对厌食症的各个维度（HO、ON）进行评估，同时使用童年不良经历问卷（Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire）对ACE进行评估。厌食症程度采用多伦多厌食症量表（Toronto Alexithymia Scale）进行测量，体验性回避采用接受与行动问卷（Acceptance and Action Questionnaire）进行测量，体现强度采用体现体验量表（Experience of Embodiment Scale）进行测量：聚类分析在整个样本中发现了两种不同的厌食特征，即HO（n = 469）和ON（n = 1217），以及三种中间HO/ON特征（n = 1871）。ACE的数量可以预测参与者的ON倾向，而不是HO行为。此外，我们还观察到，在ACE与ON的关联中，情感淡漠、体验性回避和体现起到了中介作用：我们的研究表明，厌食症是一种受社会文化因素影响的多维饮食方式。我们的研究表明，厌食症是一种由社会文化因素形成的多维饮食方式。童年的不良经历可能通过体验性回避、情感淡漠和体现等心理因素与厌食行为有关。有效的教育和协作支持对于解决厌食症倾向十分必要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

10.30%

发文量

170

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity is a scientific journal whose main purpose is to create an international forum devoted to the several sectors of eating disorders and obesity and the significant relations between them. The journal publishes basic research, clinical and theoretical articles on eating disorders and weight-related problems: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, subthreshold eating disorders, obesity, atypical patterns of eating behaviour and body weight regulation in clinical and non-clinical populations.