Enhancing Omicron Sublineage Neutralization: Insights From Bivalent and Monovalent COVID-19 Booster Vaccines and Recent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infections

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI:10.1111/irv.70000

Hye Won Jeong, Rare Rollon, Se-Mi Kim, Juryeon Gil, Mark Anthony Casel, Hyunwoo Jang, Jeong Ho Choi, Seung-Gyu Jang, Josea Carmel Lazarte, Hee-Sung Kim, Jun Hyoung Kim, Young Ki Choi

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Abstract

Background

Omicron variants have rapidly diversified into sublineages with mutations that enhance immune evasion, posing challenges for vaccination and antibody responses. This study aimed to compare serum cross-neutralizing antibody responses against various SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages (BA.1, BA.5, XBB.1.17.1, FK.1.1, and JN.1) in recipients of monovalent COVID-19 boosters, bivalent booster recipients, and individuals who had recovered from Omicron BA.5 infections.

Methods

We conducted a micro-neutralization assay on serum samples from monovalent BNT162b2 booster recipients (N = 54), bivalent BNT162b2 booster recipients (N = 24), and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5-recovered individuals (N = 13). The history of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection was assessed using ELISA against the SARS-CoV-2 NP protein.

Results

Bivalent booster recipients exhibited significantly enhanced neutralization efficacy against Omicron sublineages compared to those who had received monovalent booster vaccinations. Omicron BA.5-recovered individuals displayed similar neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to the bivalent booster recipients. Despite the improved neutralization in bivalent recipients and BA.5-recovered individuals, there were limitations in neutralization against the recently emerged Omicron subvariants: XBB.1.17.1 FK.1.1, and JN.1. In both monovalent and bivalent booster recipients, a history of Omicron breakthrough infection was associated with relatively higher geometric mean titers of NAbs against Omicron BA.1, BA.5, and XBB.1.17.1 variants.

Conclusion

This study underscores the intricate interplay between vaccination strategies, immune imprinting, and the dynamic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Although bivalent boosters enhance neutralization, addressing the challenge of emerging sublineages like XBB.1.17.1, FK.1.1, and JN.1 may necessitate the development of tailored vaccines, underscoring the need for ongoing adaptation to effectively combat this highly mutable virus.

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增强 Omicron 亚系中和：从二价和一价 COVID-19 增效疫苗以及最近的 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 变异感染中获得的启示。

背景：Omicron 变体迅速分化成具有突变的亚系，这些突变增强了免疫逃避能力，给疫苗接种和抗体反应带来了挑战。本研究旨在比较单价 COVID-19 加强剂接种者、二价加强剂接种者以及从 Omicron BA.5 感染中恢复的个体对各种 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 亚系（BA.1、BA.5、XBB.1.17.1、FK.1.1 和 JN.1）的血清交叉中和抗体反应：我们对单价 BNT162b2 强化剂接受者（54 人）、二价 BNT162b2 强化剂接受者（24 人）和 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 感染康复者（13 人）的血清样本进行了微量中和检测。使用针对 SARS-CoV-2 NP 蛋白的 ELISA 方法评估 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 感染史：结果：与接种过单价加强型疫苗的人相比，接种过二价加强型疫苗的人对 Omicron 亚系的中和效力明显提高。Omicron BA.5恢复者的中和抗体（NAbs）与二价强化免疫接种者相似。尽管二价接种者和 BA.5 恢复者的中和效果有所改善，但对最近出现的奥米克龙亚变体的中和效果仍有局限性：XBB.1.17.1、FK.1.1 和 JN.1。在单价和二价强化剂接受者中，奥米克龙突破性感染史与针对奥米克龙 BA.1、BA.5 和 XBB.1.17.1 变体的 NAbs 几何平均滴度相对较高有关：本研究强调了疫苗接种策略、免疫印记和 SARS-CoV-2 变异体的动态变化之间错综复杂的相互作用。尽管二价强化剂提高了中和效果，但要应对 XBB.1.17.1、FK.1.1 和 JN.1 等新出现的亚系的挑战，可能需要开发有针对性的疫苗，这突出表明需要不断进行适应性调整，才能有效应对这种高度变异的病毒。

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来源期刊

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.50%

发文量

120

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is the official journal of the International Society of Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Diseases - an independent scientific professional society - dedicated to promoting the prevention, detection, treatment, and control of influenza and other respiratory virus diseases. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is an Open Access journal. Copyright on any research article published by Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Wiley a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.