Initial Witnessing on Future Witnessing: A Mediation Analysis of Chronic Community Violence, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Delinquency in Urban, African American Youth.

IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI:10.1891/VV-2022-0067
Kaleigh Wilkins, Maryse Richards
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Abstract

Witnessing community violence can predict negative mental health outcomes for youth such as post-traumatic stress symptoms and delinquent behavior. Such outcomes differ by gender. Variables that predict witnessing community violence in youth are less understood. This study aims to explore potential pathways between initial witnessing and continued witnessing for early adolescents. The relationship between witnessing as a predictor and witnessing as an outcome is hypothesized to be mediated by both post-traumatic stress and delinquency and moderated by gender. A sample of 153 African American, sixth-grade students (M= 11.65, 59% female) in high crime, high poverty areas completed self-report surveys at baseline, 12 and 24 months. Moderated serial mediation was used to assess longitudinal associations. For the full model, delinquency at Time 3 was associated with a positive change in witnessing at Time 3. Gender moderated several paths. For girls, witnessing at Time 1 was predictive of high post-traumatic stress (aggregate) at Time 2 and high delinquency at Time 3. For girls, witnessing at Time 1 also was predictive of higher hyperarousal and higher intrusion subscale symptoms than other symptoms at Time 2. Analyses also indicated that hyperarousal at Time 2 significantly predicted witnessing at Time 3 for girls only. Lastly, delinquency at Time 3 was associated with a positive change in witnessing at Time 3. For boys, no analyses indicated witnessing at Time 1 as a significant predictor. Results contribute to our understanding of the trajectory of witnessing community violence and the roles both post-traumatic stress subscales and delinquency play in that trajectory, especially among girls.

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最初见证对未来见证的影响:对长期社区暴力、创伤后压力和城市非裔美国青少年犯罪的调解分析。
目睹社区暴力会对青少年的心理健康产生负面影响,如创伤后应激症状和犯罪行为。这些结果因性别而异。而预测青少年目睹社区暴力的变量却鲜为人知。本研究旨在探索青少年初次目睹和持续目睹之间的潜在途径。目睹作为一种预测因素与目睹作为一种结果之间的关系,假设会受到创伤后压力和犯罪的影响,并受到性别的调节。犯罪率高、贫困率高地区的 153 名六年级非裔美国学生(中= 11.65,59%为女性)在基线、12 个月和 24 个月时完成了自我报告调查。评估纵向关联时使用了调节序列调解法。在完整模型中,第 3 个时间点的犯罪率与第 3 个时间点的目击正相关。性别调节了几条路径。对于女孩来说,在第一时间目睹可预测在第二时间的高创伤后应激反应(总和)和在第三时间的高犯罪率。对于女孩来说,在第一时间目睹也可预测在第二时间出现较高的过度焦虑和较高的入侵量表子量表症状。分析还表明,仅对女孩而言,第二阶段的过度焦虑可显著预测第三阶段的目睹行为。最后,第 3 时间段的犯罪与第 3 时间段目睹行为的正向变化相关。对于男孩来说,没有分析表明第一时间的目睹是一个重要的预测因素。研究结果有助于我们了解目睹社区暴力的轨迹,以及创伤后应激子量表和犯罪在这一轨迹中所起的作用,尤其是对女孩而言。
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来源期刊
Violence and Victims
Violence and Victims CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-
CiteScore
1.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
61
期刊介绍: We all face the difficult problem of understanding and treating the perpetrators and victims of violence behavior. Violence and Victims is the evidence-based resource that informs clinical decisions, legal actions, and public policy. Now celebrating its 25th year, Violence and Victims is a peer-reviewed journal of theory, research, policy, and clinical practice in the area of interpersonal violence and victimization. It seeks to facilitate the exchange of information on this subject across such professional disciplines as psychology, sociology, criminology, law, medicine, nursing, psychiatry, and social work.
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