Violence and Victims最新文献

The history of childhood trauma may play a role in the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study aimed to examine the relationship between forms and severity of childhood trauma and the experience of IPV among 550 female urban slum dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Prevalence of lifetime and past year experience of IPV was 31.5% and 14.8%, respectively, whereas 30.8%, 41.6%, and 5.8% had experienced one, two, and three forms of childhood trauma, respectively. Women who had experienced two or three forms of childhood trauma were more likely to have experienced IPV in the past year. Multiple traumas during childhood were associated with both lifetime and recent experiences of IPV. Interventions for women who have experienced childhood trauma are advocated as a possible prevention strategy against future experiences of IPV.

Structural equation modeling (SEM) allows for the examination of complex relationships between violence and associated behaviors. We sought to understand the bidirectional longitudinal associations between sexual violence (SV) victimization and alcohol use on college campuses. We used a subsample (n = 1,545) of 18-24-year-old students, seeking care at health centers across 28 campuses in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, who completed surveys at baseline, 4 months, and 12 months as part of a larger trial (N = 2,291). We used panel models and SEM; controlling for covariates, SV predicted future alcohol use and binge drinking (β's range = .101-.111; p < .001). Alcohol use and binge drinking did not predict future SV. Research-informed interventions that address prior exposure to violence victimization including SV are integral to prevention strategies addressing SV and harmful alcohol use.

Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is a violent, repeated, and intentional behavior observed in different cultures and family contexts. It is a complex and multifactor phenomenon related to personal and family variables. In view of the lack of research on this topic in Ecuador, the present study was focused on analyzing the presence of CPV in Ecuadorian families and explored the relationship of these behaviors with different parental skills. A total of 270 parents (91.5% mothers) of at-risk zones of the Ecuadorian Coast participated in the study. The participants completed the Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnaire, the Parental Alliance Inventory, the Parenting Scale and the Parental Locus of Control. The results showed a strong presence of CPV behaviors. A total of 47.41% of the families presented severe levels of CPV and high comorbidity among the different types of CPV. The regression analyses revealed the predictive power of permissive and hostile practices for psychological CPV and of hostile practices for physical CPV. The locus of control was also observed to influence the appearance of CPV, whereas parental alliance did not present a significant linear relationship. In view of the severity of the identified CPV problem, it is necessary for Ecuador to develop a legislative framework that promotes a network of preventive and specialized services to address this phenomenon. The prevention of the escalating growth of CPV behaviors must be focused on the promotion of parenting skills that facilitate the positive exercise of parenting in situations of family conflict.

The qualitative study utilized a community-based participatory research approach to leverage a partnership between academic researchers and the Newark Community Street Team to examine the experiences of those who own and have access to illegal firearms in a sample of 28 Black and Brown participants in Newark, New Jersey. The findings affirm the reasons why illegal firearms owners acquire firearms, including protection. We found that participants did not store their firearms securely and firearms were accessible through multiple avenues. The study findings provide insights on what participants identified as prevention and intervention efforts for addressing illegal firearm ownership, including changing community social norms and providing healing groups for youth.

Limited research has examined whether and how young male homicide offenders differ from older male homicide offenders. This question was investigated using data from the Australian Homicide Project. Offenders were classified as young (15-24 years) or older (25+), based on their age at the time of homicide. Offenders were also categorized depending on victim-offender relationship: friend/acquaintance or stranger. The four age-victim-offender relationship groups (young-friend/acquaintance, young-stranger, older-friend/acquaintance, and older-stranger) were compared across individual, developmental, offending, and contextual variables. The results show that young homicide offenders tend to resemble older homicide offenders more than they differ from them, even when considering different victim-offender relationships. Overall, both young and older male homicide offenders experience a range of dysfunctional and nonnormative, yet nevertheless similar, experiences over the life course.

The current study examines the role of workplace support in reducing COVID-related stress among nursing professionals facing intimate partner violence (IPV) in the form of abuser-initiated workplace disruptions. Two research hypotheses were tested: (a) workplace disruptions increase nurses' stress levels during the pandemic, and (b) coworkers/workplace support significantly reduces stress that is associated with workplace disruptions. Primary data were collected from female nurses in one southern state (N = 290) who experienced IPV while employed. First, linear regression examined the impact of abuser-initiated workplace disruptions on nurses' COVID-19 stress. Second, a subsequent model included an interaction term to assess whether workplace supports moderated the link between workplace disruptions and COVID-19 stress. Missing data were handled using multiple imputations by chained equations. Findings show that IPV in the form of abuser-initiated workplace disruptions increases COVID-19-related stress. However, findings also show that workplace support can moderate this relationship and reduce stress outcomes. Nurses are experiencing record-high stress and turnover rates due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath. Current findings establish that it is possible for workplace support to mitigate the adverse effects of abuse on nurses' COVID-19 stress. Implementing supportive tactics like asking IPV survivors what they need so that they can make the best decisions for their families could reduce the mental health ramifications of COVID-19 in the future. Implications for health care administration and policy makers are discussed.

There is a growing understanding of the intersection of natural disasters and human trafficking, but there are few empirical research studies on this phenomenon. This exploratory study seeks to advance knowledge on the nexus of human trafficking after natural disasters in the Gulf South region of the United States. We conducted semistructured interviews with 46 disaster responders and human trafficking responders working in Louisiana during a major hurricane between 2017 and 2022. These interviews explored the landscape of human trafficking in the wake of disasters, the impact of natural disasters on respondents' abilities to identify and respond to trafficking, and the lessons that respondents learned from their experiences. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed that respondents identified both sex and labor trafficking that occurred after hurricanes. Responders were severely limited in their ability to respond to trafficking in postdisaster settings. However, responders found creative and innovative partnerships to overcome challenges in postdisaster settings. We discuss implications for human trafficking responders, disaster responders, and researchers to advance antitrafficking response in postdisaster settings.

Every year thousands of adults in the United States experience rape and sexual violence. Few studies have examined and compared the nuances of sexual assault narratives from the survivors at the time of the sexual assault medical examination, especially among survivors who did not report to police. This thematic analysis compared the descriptive narratives of survivors who voluntarily used substances and survivors who did not at the time of their medical examination. Results indicated five overarching themes with corresponding subthemes: nonprototypical characteristics, disruption, gaps in narratives, safety consequences, and distrust and neglect in systems.

Adolescent victimization is a pervasive problem affecting the lives of hundreds of thousands of youths every year. While victimization in adolescence is relatively widespread, the consequences associated with adolescent victimization are far from benign. Findings from a long line of research have revealed, for example, that being victimized in adolescence can have long-term and serious consequences that are felt throughout the remainder of the life course. The current study sought to replicate and extend prior research by examining whether adolescent victimization is associated with measures of health and wealth in adulthood. To do so, data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were analyzed. An analysis of these data revealed that adolescent victimization is related to measures of adulthood health (i.e., general health and brain-based disorders) and to some measures of wealth (i.e., economic position), but not others (i.e., total assets). Implications of this study for future research are addressed, and limitations to the study are discussed.

Psychological maltreatment is a prevalent form of interpersonal abuse in romantic relationships, with many victims reporting their first experience before the age of 25 years. Such maltreatment correlates with a number of negative mental health problems, including the development of negative body esteem and disordered eating. This study examined links between psychological maltreatment, body image, and disordered eating and assessed negative cognitive coping strategies (e.g., self-blame and detachment) as mediators of this relationship. Participants were 226 undergraduate women at a midwestern U.S. university who completed measures of psychological maltreatment, coping styles, and various body image and disordered eating inventories. We found that psychological maltreatment was associated with decreases in body esteem and increases in disordered eating behavior. Additionally, for disordered eating and overweight preoccupation, negative cognitive coping mediated these effects. Findings highlight the benefits of therapeutic strategies emphasizing the importance of healthy cognitive coping and social support, especially for the prevention of body image disturbance and disordered eating in victims of psychological maltreatment.