Convergent evolution in high-altitude and marine mammals: Molecular adaptations to pulmonary fibrosis and hypoxia.

IF 4 1区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY Zoological Research Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.029
Bo-Xiong Guo, Ya Zhang, Xiao-Yu Sun, Yi-Xuan Sun, Wen-Jun Lv, Shi-Xia Xu, Guang Yang, Wen-Hua Ren
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Abstract

High-altitude and marine mammals inhabit distinct ecosystems but share a common challenge: hypoxia. To survive in low-oxygen environments, these species have evolved similar phenotypic pulmonary adaptations, characterized by a high density of elastic fibers. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations, focusing on pulmonary fibrosis and hypoxia tolerance through comparative genomics and convergent evolution analyses. We observed significant expansions and contractions in certain gene families across both high-altitude and marine mammals, closely associated with processes involved in pulmonary fibrosis. Notably, members of the keratin gene family, such as KRT17 and KRT14, appear to be associated with the development of the dense elastic fiber phenotype observed in the lungs of hypoxia-tolerant mammals. Through selection pressure and amino acid substitution analyses, we identified multiple genes exhibiting convergent accelerated evolution, positive selection, and amino acid substitution in these species, associated with adaptation to hypoxic environments. Specifically, the convergent evolution of ZFP36L1, FN1, and NEDD9 was found to contribute to the high density of elastic fibers in the lungs of both high-altitude and marine mammals, facilitating their hypoxia tolerance. Additionally, we identified convergent amino acid substitutions and gene loss events associated with sperm development, differentiation, and spermatogenesis, such as amino acid substitutions in SLC26A3 and pseudogenization of CFAP47, as confirmed by PCR. These genetic alterations may be linked to changes in the reproductive capabilities of these animals. Overall, this study offers novel perspectives on the genetic and molecular adaptations of high-altitude and marine mammals to hypoxic environments, with a particular emphasis on pulmonary fibrosis.

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高海拔和海洋哺乳动物的趋同进化:对肺纤维化和缺氧的分子适应。
高海拔和海洋哺乳动物栖息在不同的生态系统中,但却面临着共同的挑战:缺氧。为了在低氧环境中生存,这些物种进化出了类似的肺适应表型,其特点是高密度的弹性纤维。在这项研究中,我们通过比较基因组学和趋同进化分析,探索了这些适应性的分子机制,重点是肺纤维化和耐缺氧性。我们观察到某些基因家族在高海拔和海洋哺乳动物中都有明显的扩张和收缩,这与肺纤维化过程密切相关。值得注意的是,角蛋白基因家族的成员,如 KRT17 和 KRT14,似乎与耐缺氧哺乳动物肺中观察到的致密弹性纤维表型的形成有关。通过选择压力和氨基酸替代分析,我们发现这些物种中的多个基因表现出趋同加速进化、正向选择和氨基酸替代,这与它们对缺氧环境的适应有关。具体来说,我们发现 ZFP36L1、FN1 和 NEDD9 的趋同进化有助于高海拔和海洋哺乳动物肺部高密度的弹性纤维,从而提高它们的耐缺氧能力。此外,我们还发现了与精子发育、分化和精子形成有关的趋同氨基酸替换和基因缺失事件,如 SLC26A3 中的氨基酸替换和 CFAP47 的假基因化,并通过 PCR 得到了证实。这些基因改变可能与这些动物生殖能力的变化有关。总之,这项研究为高海拔和海洋哺乳动物对缺氧环境的遗传和分子适应性提供了新的视角,尤其是在肺纤维化方面。
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来源期刊
Zoological Research
Zoological Research Medicine-General Medicine
CiteScore
7.60
自引率
10.20%
发文量
1937
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: Established in 1980, Zoological Research (ZR) is a bimonthly publication produced by Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the China Zoological Society. It publishes peer-reviewed original research article/review/report/note/letter to the editor/editorial in English on Primates and Animal Models, Conservation and Utilization of Animal Resources, and Animal Diversity and Evolution.
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IDH2 and GLUD1 depletion arrests embryonic development through an H4K20me3 epigenetic barrier in porcine parthenogenetic embryos. Pancreatic agenesis and altered m6A methylation in the pancreas of PDX1-mutant cynomolgus macaques. Convergent evolution in high-altitude and marine mammals: Molecular adaptations to pulmonary fibrosis and hypoxia. Maternal sleep deprivation disrupts glutamate metabolism in offspring rats. Nature's disguise: Empirical demonstration of dead-leaf masquerade in Kallima butterflies.
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