Air Pollution and the Prevalence of Keratoconus: Is There a Connection?

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Ophthalmic epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI:10.1080/09286586.2024.2399765

Tristan Jurkiewicz, Anne-Sophie Marty

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Abstract

Purpose: Keratoconus is a progressive, asymmetrical corneal ectasia with multifactorial origin. Three identified risk factors for keratoconus include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, eye rubbing, and atopy. Other factors like pollution would play a role in the physiopathology of keratoconus. In this study we investigate the effects of particles matter (PM) of 2.5 and 10 μm, but also nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and the correlation with the prevalence in the scientific literature.

Method: A literature review was performed using four databases (PubMed, Research gate, Google scholar and International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases) according to strict selection criteria. Levels of fine particles and nitrogen dioxide were extracted from available World Health Organization (WHO) databases and correlated with prevalences from epidemiological studies.

Results: The mean pollution rate in the selected studies was 26.88 ± 25.26 μg/m³ for PM_2.5 , 58.23 ± 60.98 μg/m³ for PM₁₀ and 24.79 ± 12.58 μg/m³ for NO₂. Pearson correlation tests revealed a significant positive correlation between prevalence of keratoconus with particles rate of PM_2.5 (R = 0.58; p < 0.001), PM₁₀ (R = 0.67; p < 0.001) and NO₂ (R = 0.64; p = 0.00016).

Conclusion: Fine particles appear to be a risk factor for keratoconus. These pollutants may act indirectly by exacerbating known risk factors such as atopy and eye rubbing. Atmospheric pollution may also have a direct effect on the cornea, by disturbing the structure of the epithelium and increasing cell apoptosis.

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空气污染与角膜病的发病率：两者之间有联系吗？

目的：角膜炎是一种进行性、不对称的角膜异位症，由多种因素引起。已确定的三个角膜炎风险因素包括暴露于紫外线（UV）、揉眼和过敏。污染等其他因素也会在角膜炎的生理病理过程中发挥作用。在这项研究中，我们调查了 2.5 和 10 μm 的颗粒物（PM）以及二氧化氮（NO2）的影响，以及与科学文献中发病率的相关性：根据严格的选择标准，利用四个数据库（PubMed、Research gate、Google scholar 和《国际角膜塑形镜和角膜外疾病杂志》）进行了文献综述。从现有的世界卫生组织（WHO）数据库中提取了细颗粒物和二氧化氮的含量，并将其与流行病学研究中的患病率相关联：所选研究的平均污染率分别为：PM2.5（26.88 ± 25.26 μg/m3）、PM10（58.23 ± 60.98 μg/m3）和二氧化氮（24.79 ± 12.58 μg/m3）。皮尔逊相关性检验显示，角膜炎发病率与PM2.5颗粒率呈显著正相关（R = 0.58；P 10（R = 0.67；P 2（R = 0.64；P = 0.00016））：结论：细颗粒物似乎是角膜炎的一个风险因素。这些污染物可能会通过加剧已知的风险因素（如过敏症和揉眼等）间接发挥作用。大气污染也可能对角膜产生直接影响，扰乱角膜上皮的结构，增加细胞凋亡。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ophthalmic epidemiology 医学-眼科学

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

5.60%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Ophthalmic Epidemiology is dedicated to the publication of original research into eye and vision health in the fields of epidemiology, public health and the prevention of blindness. Ophthalmic Epidemiology publishes editorials, original research reports, systematic reviews and meta-analysis articles, brief communications and letters to the editor on all subjects related to ophthalmic epidemiology. A broad range of topics is suitable, such as: evaluating the risk of ocular diseases, general and specific study designs, screening program implementation and evaluation, eye health care access, delivery and outcomes, therapeutic efficacy or effectiveness, disease prognosis and quality of life, cost-benefit analysis, biostatistical theory and risk factor analysis. We are looking to expand our engagement with reports of international interest, including those regarding problems affecting developing countries, although reports from all over the world potentially are suitable. Clinical case reports, small case series (not enough for a cohort analysis) articles and animal research reports are not appropriate for this journal.