Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-01-18DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2301581
Scott Herrod, Sadik Taju Sherief, Akwasi Ahmed, Grace Chipalo Mutati, John Welling, Boateng Wiafe, Michael Gyasi, Benjamin Crookston, Joshua West, Cougar Hall
Purpose: While progress was made towards the Vision 2020: The Right to Sight goals, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zambia fell short of the recommended cataract surgical rate (CSR) on a national level. Post-operative cataract surgical outcomes are also lower compared to other regions. This study aimed to describe perceived barriers to cataract surgical uptake, factors related to surgeon surgical productivity, and surgical offerings in each of these countries.
Methods: An online survey was sent to ophthalmologists practicing in Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zambia. Responses were collected between June 25, 2021 and January 30, 2022.
Results: Responses were received from 122 ophthalmologists from Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zambia. The estimated participation rate was 47% (122/257). Distance to cataract surgical centres, lack of surgical centres, and lack of surgical equipment were among the top 10 most agreed upon barriers by respondents within each country. Many respondents reported that current financial reimbursement does not incentivise maximum productivity in themselves (56%, 68/122) or their staff (61%, 74/122). Surgeons proposed several ways to improve productivity incentives. Private practice was perceived to have the best reimbursement incentives (77%, 94/122), whereas government hospitals were least agreed upon (4%, 5/122). Discrepancies in timely post-operative refraction and eyeglasses disbursement were reported.
Conclusions: Overcoming the identified barriers, improving surgeon productivity, and addressing identified deficits in cataract care will likely reduce the backlog of cataract blindness while ensuring increasingly improved patient outcomes.
{"title":"Ophthalmologists' Perspective on Barriers to Cataract Surgery and Surgical Productivity in Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zambia: A Descriptive, Mixed-Methods Survey.","authors":"Scott Herrod, Sadik Taju Sherief, Akwasi Ahmed, Grace Chipalo Mutati, John Welling, Boateng Wiafe, Michael Gyasi, Benjamin Crookston, Joshua West, Cougar Hall","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2301581","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2301581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>While progress was made towards the Vision 2020: The Right to Sight goals, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zambia fell short of the recommended cataract surgical rate (CSR) on a national level. Post-operative cataract surgical outcomes are also lower compared to other regions. This study aimed to describe perceived barriers to cataract surgical uptake, factors related to surgeon surgical productivity, and surgical offerings in each of these countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was sent to ophthalmologists practicing in Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zambia. Responses were collected between June 25, 2021 and January 30, 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Responses were received from 122 ophthalmologists from Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zambia. The estimated participation rate was 47% (122/257). Distance to cataract surgical centres, lack of surgical centres, and lack of surgical equipment were among the top 10 most agreed upon barriers by respondents within each country. Many respondents reported that current financial reimbursement does not incentivise maximum productivity in themselves (56%, 68/122) or their staff (61%, 74/122). Surgeons proposed several ways to improve productivity incentives. Private practice was perceived to have the best reimbursement incentives (77%, 94/122), whereas government hospitals were least agreed upon (4%, 5/122). Discrepancies in timely post-operative refraction and eyeglasses disbursement were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overcoming the identified barriers, improving surgeon productivity, and addressing identified deficits in cataract care will likely reduce the backlog of cataract blindness while ensuring increasingly improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139491908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2301587
Louay Almidani, Bonnielin K Swenor, Joshua R Ehrlich, Varshini Varadaraj
Purpose: To examine the associations between vision impairment (VI) and COVID-19 testing and vaccination services in older US adults.
Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed data from adults ≥ 65 years who participated in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (year 2021), a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries. Exposure: Distance VI (<20/40), near VI (<20/40), contrast sensitivity impairment (CSI) (<1.55 logCS), and any VI (distance, near, or CSI). Outcomes: Self-reported COVID-19 testing and vaccination.
Results: Of 2,822 older adults, the majority were female (weighted; 55%) and White (82%), and 32% had any VI. In fully-adjusted regression analyses, older adults with any VI had similar COVID-19 vaccination rates to adults without any VI (OR:0.77, 95% CI:0.54-1.09), but had lower odds of COVID-19 testing (OR:0.82, 95% CI:0.68-0.97). Older adults with distance (OR:0.47, 95% CI:0.22-0.99) and near (OR:0.68, 95% CI:0.47-0.99) VI were less likely to be vaccinated for COVID-19, while those with CSI were less likely to test for COVID-19 (OR:0.76, 95% CI:0.61-0.95), as compared to peers without respective impairments. The remaining associations were not significant (p > .05).
Conclusions and relevance: These findings highlight inequities in the COVID-19 pandemic response for people with vision disability and emphasize the need for equitable prioritization of accessibility of healthcare services for all Americans.
{"title":"COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination Among US Older Adults with Vision Impairment: The National Health and Aging Trends Study 2021.","authors":"Louay Almidani, Bonnielin K Swenor, Joshua R Ehrlich, Varshini Varadaraj","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2301587","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2301587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the associations between vision impairment (VI) and COVID-19 testing and vaccination services in older US adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study assessed data from adults ≥ 65 years who participated in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (year 2021), a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries. Exposure: Distance VI (<20/40), near VI (<20/40), contrast sensitivity impairment (CSI) (<1.55 logCS), and any VI (distance, near, or CSI). Outcomes: Self-reported COVID-19 testing and vaccination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2,822 older adults, the majority were female (weighted; 55%) and White (82%), and 32% had any VI. In fully-adjusted regression analyses, older adults with any VI had similar COVID-19 vaccination rates to adults without any VI (OR:0.77, 95% CI:0.54-1.09), but had lower odds of COVID-19 testing (OR:0.82, 95% CI:0.68-0.97). Older adults with distance (OR:0.47, 95% CI:0.22-0.99) and near (OR:0.68, 95% CI:0.47-0.99) VI were less likely to be vaccinated for COVID-19, while those with CSI were less likely to test for COVID-19 (OR:0.76, 95% CI:0.61-0.95), as compared to peers without respective impairments. The remaining associations were not significant (<i>p</i> > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>These findings highlight inequities in the COVID-19 pandemic response for people with vision disability and emphasize the need for equitable prioritization of accessibility of healthcare services for all Americans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2310841
Kunal Kanwar, Curtis E Margo, Dustin D French
Purpose: To investigate the association between visual impairment and employment status due to disability, utilizing data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).
Methods: Adults 18 years of age and older were extracted from the 2022 NHIS dataset. A multivariable logistic regression model was created to evaluate the odds of unemployment ("laid off" and "looking for work"). Persons over the age of 65, as well as persons retired, going to school, self-employed, seasonal, or contract workers were excluded. Independent variables for the model included gender, race, Hispanic ethnicity, urban residency, level of education, citizenship, and self-reported vision. The latter variable was categorized as seeing with "some" difficulty, with "severe" difficulty, "can't see at all," and "a lot of difficulty." Outcomes were reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: Associations with unemployment included education less than high school (OR 6.05, 95% CI: 3.98-9.18) and high school (OR 3.80, 95% CI 2.78-5.21); severe vision difficulty (OR 3.68 95% CI 1.73-7.86); Asian race (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.64-3.89); and Black race (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.31-2.41). The odds of unemployment were marginally elevated for those living in large metropolitan areas, while being born in the United States had a modest protective effect (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.42-0.66).
Conclusion: The degree of visual impairment in this post-COVID-19 pandemic survey substantially affects employment, which is consistent with historical studies. Education among those with impaired vision is an important and modifiable variable that can positively influence the chances of employment.
目的:利用 2022 年全国健康访谈调查(NHIS)的数据,研究视力障碍与残疾导致的就业状况之间的关联:方法:从 2022 年全国健康访谈调查(NHIS)数据集中抽取 18 岁及以上的成年人。建立了一个多变量逻辑回归模型来评估失业("下岗 "和 "找工作")的几率。不包括 65 岁以上的人以及退休人员、在校学生、自营职业者、季节工或合同工。该模型的自变量包括性别、种族、西班牙裔、城市居民、教育程度、公民身份和自述视力。后一变量分为视力 "有些 "困难、"严重 "困难、"完全看不见 "和 "非常困难"。结果以几率比(OR)和 95% 置信区间(CI)表示:与失业相关的因素包括:高中以下教育程度(OR 6.05,95% CI:3.98-9.18)和高中教育程度(OR 3.80,95% CI 2.78-5.21);严重视力障碍(OR 3.68,95% CI 1.73-7.86);亚裔(OR 2.53,95% CI 1.64-3.89);以及黑人(OR 1.78,95% CI 1.31-2.41)。生活在大都市地区的人失业几率略高,而出生在美国则有一定的保护作用(OR 0.53,95% CI 0.42-0.66):结论:COVID-19 大流行后的调查显示,视力受损程度严重影响就业,这与历史研究结果一致。视力受损者的教育程度是一个重要的、可改变的变量,可对就业机会产生积极影响。
{"title":"Self-Reported Visual Disability and Unemployment: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey.","authors":"Kunal Kanwar, Curtis E Margo, Dustin D French","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2310841","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2310841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the association between visual impairment and employment status due to disability, utilizing data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults 18 years of age and older were extracted from the 2022 NHIS dataset. A multivariable logistic regression model was created to evaluate the odds of unemployment (\"laid off\" and \"looking for work\"). Persons over the age of 65, as well as persons retired, going to school, self-employed, seasonal, or contract workers were excluded. Independent variables for the model included gender, race, Hispanic ethnicity, urban residency, level of education, citizenship, and self-reported vision. The latter variable was categorized as seeing with \"some\" difficulty, with \"severe\" difficulty, \"can't see at all,\" and \"a lot of difficulty.\" Outcomes were reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Associations with unemployment included education less than high school (OR 6.05, 95% CI: 3.98-9.18) and high school (OR 3.80, 95% CI 2.78-5.21); severe vision difficulty (OR 3.68 95% CI 1.73-7.86); Asian race (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.64-3.89); and Black race (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.31-2.41). The odds of unemployment were marginally elevated for those living in large metropolitan areas, while being born in the United States had a modest protective effect (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.42-0.66).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The degree of visual impairment in this post-COVID-19 pandemic survey substantially affects employment, which is consistent with historical studies. Education among those with impaired vision is an important and modifiable variable that can positively influence the chances of employment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11298568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139692575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2301572
Ferdinamarie Sharmila, Mini P Singh, Jayanti Shastry, Anil C Phukan, Subashini Kaliaperumal, R K Ratho, Jagat Ram, MadhavJagannath Sathe, Avinash Ingole, DarshanaBabubhai Rathod, Benjamin Nongrum, Kannan Thiruvengadam, Rehnuma Parvez, Vineeta Malik, Muruganandam Nagarajan, Rahul Dhodapkar
Purpose: Conjunctivitis is one of the most common ocular conditions in clinical practice. Human adenoviruses have been the common causative agents known to cause epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis (EKC) in India from 1996 to 2019 with a positivity range of 13.8%-65.2%. The current study was initiated to throw light on the distribution of keratoconjunctivitis causing agents across India covering a span of 3 years.
Methods: A total of 709 swabs were collected from patients in viral transport medium (VTM), and real-time PCR was done to identify agents including Adenovirus (HAdV), Enterovirus, HSV, and Chlamydia.
Results: 47.8% of the samples were positive for HAdV followed by HSV (3.4%), Enterovirus (2.7%), and Chlamydia (0.6%). Overall, 386 people (54.4%) tested positive for one of these infections, with Chandigarh (88.4%) and Port Blair (71.7%) showing higher positivity rate. Pre-auricular lymphadenopathy and follicles were significantly associated with increased risk of conjunctivitis.
Conclusion: Epidemiology of keratoconjunctivitis in the current study revealed HAdV to be predominant causative agent. Knowledge gained in such epidemiological studies guide us in outbreak expectations, limit antibiotic over-prescription, and enhance disease prevention.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Keratoconjunctivitis Across India from 2017 to 2019: A Multicentric Hospital-Based Study.","authors":"Ferdinamarie Sharmila, Mini P Singh, Jayanti Shastry, Anil C Phukan, Subashini Kaliaperumal, R K Ratho, Jagat Ram, MadhavJagannath Sathe, Avinash Ingole, DarshanaBabubhai Rathod, Benjamin Nongrum, Kannan Thiruvengadam, Rehnuma Parvez, Vineeta Malik, Muruganandam Nagarajan, Rahul Dhodapkar","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2301572","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2301572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Conjunctivitis is one of the most common ocular conditions in clinical practice. Human adenoviruses have been the common causative agents known to cause epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis (EKC) in India from 1996 to 2019 with a positivity range of 13.8%-65.2%. The current study was initiated to throw light on the distribution of keratoconjunctivitis causing agents across India covering a span of 3 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 709 swabs were collected from patients in viral transport medium (VTM), and real-time PCR was done to identify agents including Adenovirus (HAdV), Enterovirus, HSV, and Chlamydia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>47.8% of the samples were positive for HAdV followed by HSV (3.4%), Enterovirus (2.7%), and Chlamydia (0.6%). Overall, 386 people (54.4%) tested positive for one of these infections, with Chandigarh (88.4%) and Port Blair (71.7%) showing higher positivity rate. Pre-auricular lymphadenopathy and follicles were significantly associated with increased risk of conjunctivitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Epidemiology of keratoconjunctivitis in the current study revealed HAdV to be predominant causative agent. Knowledge gained in such epidemiological studies guide us in outbreak expectations, limit antibiotic over-prescription, and enhance disease prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139692574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2310854
Sarishka Desai, Sayuri Sekimitsu, Elizabeth J Rossin, Nazlee Zebardast
Purpose: To characterize trends in use of and expenditure for the intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents aflibercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab among the population enrolled in Original Medicare from 2014 to 2019.
Methods: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Physician and Other Supplier Public Use File was used to extract Medicare Part B fee-for-service outpatient injection claims data submitted by ophthalmologists. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between reimbursement, ophthalmologist availability, and agent administration rate.
Results: Between 2014 and 2019, 17,588,995 intravitreal injection claims were filed by 4218 US ophthalmologists. Medicare costs for anti-VEGF injections increased from 2.51 B USD in 2014 to 4.02 B USD in 2019. Increased state-level ophthalmologist availability and incremental increases in average reimbursement amounts were found to be significantly associated with a 6.8-fold variation in 2019 overall anti-VEGF injection rates across states.
Conclusions: Medicare injection rates and costs for anti-VEGF injections have both increased between 2014 and 2019, largely driven by increased aflibercept use. There is a significant association between ophthalmologist availability and anti-VEGF injection rate on the state level, suggesting access to care may contribute to the observed state-level disparities in intravitreal injection rates. Further characterization of factors contributing to the state-level variation in injection rates of individual anti-VEGF agents may help inform interventions promoting equitable access to and use of these drugs.
{"title":"Trends in Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Original Medicare Part B Claims in the United States, 2014-2019.","authors":"Sarishka Desai, Sayuri Sekimitsu, Elizabeth J Rossin, Nazlee Zebardast","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2310854","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2310854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize trends in use of and expenditure for the intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents aflibercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab among the population enrolled in Original Medicare from 2014 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Physician and Other Supplier Public Use File was used to extract Medicare Part B fee-for-service outpatient injection claims data submitted by ophthalmologists. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between reimbursement, ophthalmologist availability, and agent administration rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2014 and 2019, 17,588,995 intravitreal injection claims were filed by 4218 US ophthalmologists. Medicare costs for anti-VEGF injections increased from 2.51 B USD in 2014 to 4.02 B USD in 2019. Increased state-level ophthalmologist availability and incremental increases in average reimbursement amounts were found to be significantly associated with a 6.8-fold variation in 2019 overall anti-VEGF injection rates across states.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Medicare injection rates and costs for anti-VEGF injections have both increased between 2014 and 2019, largely driven by increased aflibercept use. There is a significant association between ophthalmologist availability and anti-VEGF injection rate on the state level, suggesting access to care may contribute to the observed state-level disparities in intravitreal injection rates. Further characterization of factors contributing to the state-level variation in injection rates of individual anti-VEGF agents may help inform interventions promoting equitable access to and use of these drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139692576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2301583
Yeji Kim, Mi Yeon Song, Kyungdo Han, Jae Hui Kim
Purpose: To evaluate the bilateral involvement of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in South Koreans.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2020). This study included 13,737 participants aged 40 years or older. Participants were evaluated to determine the prevalence of bilateral early and late AMD. In cases in which exudative AMD or geographic atrophy (GA) was diagnosed in a single eye, the fellow eye was evaluated to determine the presence and type of late AMD.
Results: The overall prevalence of bilateral AMD was 6.12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.63-6.61). The prevalence of bilateral early AMD was 5.71% (95% CI, 5.24-6.18), while that of late AMD was 0.14% (95% CI, 0.08-0.20). The prevalence of the bilateral involvement of late AMD increased with age. A 0.02% prevalence (95% CI, 0.00-0.06) of late AMD was observed in participants aged 50-59. The prevalence increased to 0.08% (95% CI, 0.00-0.18) in participants aged 60-69, while the prevalence in participants aged 70-79 and over 80 was 0.45% (95% CI, 0.12-0.78) and 1.97% (95% CI, 0.75-3.19), respectively. The prevalence of early AMD in one eye and late AMD in the fellow eye was 0.26% (95% CI, 0.16-0.36).
Conclusions: An assessment of the incidence of AMD revealed that a significant number of persons had bilateral involvement. The treatment burden may significantly increase for participants with bilateral late AMD compared to those with unilateral involvement. Therefore, the study may be helpful with the establishment of private and national insurance policies.
{"title":"Bilateral Involvement of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in South Korea: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020.","authors":"Yeji Kim, Mi Yeon Song, Kyungdo Han, Jae Hui Kim","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2301583","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2301583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the bilateral involvement of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in South Koreans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2020). This study included 13,737 participants aged 40 years or older. Participants were evaluated to determine the prevalence of bilateral early and late AMD. In cases in which exudative AMD or geographic atrophy (GA) was diagnosed in a single eye, the fellow eye was evaluated to determine the presence and type of late AMD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of bilateral AMD was 6.12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.63-6.61). The prevalence of bilateral early AMD was 5.71% (95% CI, 5.24-6.18), while that of late AMD was 0.14% (95% CI, 0.08-0.20). The prevalence of the bilateral involvement of late AMD increased with age. A 0.02% prevalence (95% CI, 0.00-0.06) of late AMD was observed in participants aged 50-59. The prevalence increased to 0.08% (95% CI, 0.00-0.18) in participants aged 60-69, while the prevalence in participants aged 70-79 and over 80 was 0.45% (95% CI, 0.12-0.78) and 1.97% (95% CI, 0.75-3.19), respectively. The prevalence of early AMD in one eye and late AMD in the fellow eye was 0.26% (95% CI, 0.16-0.36).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An assessment of the incidence of AMD revealed that a significant number of persons had bilateral involvement. The treatment burden may significantly increase for participants with bilateral late AMD compared to those with unilateral involvement. Therefore, the study may be helpful with the establishment of private and national insurance policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2279113
Nathan C Grove, Victoria S Pelak, Karen L Christopher, Brandie D Wagner, Anne M Lynch, Jennifer L Patnaik
Purpose: To characterize cataract surgery in people with dementia (PWD) using a cataract surgery outcomes database.
Methods: Demographics, medical and ocular history, surgical characteristics, and postoperative measures were analyzed for differences between PWD and non-PWD cohorts. Patient-level data were analyzed with Fisher's Exact Test, and eye-level data were analyzed with logistic regression using generalized estimating equations to account for correlation of eyes from the same individual.
Results: 507 eyes from 296 PWD were identified using appropriate ICD codes and cross-referenced to a cataract surgery outcomes database containing 12,949 eyes from 7,853 patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification at a single center between January 2014 and October 2019. PWD were older (p < .001), had shorter duration cataract surgeries (p = .006), and were more likely to have mature cataract (p = .017). The rate of general anesthesia was higher in PWD (p = .005). There were no differences in complication rates between PWD and non-PWD cohorts. Both preoperative best corrected LogMAR distance visual acuity (CDVA) (p < .001) and postoperative CDVA (p < .001) were worse in PWD. CDVA significantly improved in both groups (p < .001); however, the average magnitude of improvement in CDVA was not significantly different between groups (p = .169).
Conclusions: PWD present for cataract surgery at a later age and were more likely to have mature cataracts and general anesthesia, but did not have higher rates of complication, and showed significant improvement in CDVA following surgery. These findings should be encouraging to PWD undergoing counseling for cataract surgery, and for the potential for improved function in PWD.
目的:利用白内障手术结果数据库对痴呆(PWD)患者的白内障手术进行特征分析。方法:分析PWD组和非PWD组的人口统计学、医疗史和眼史、手术特征和术后措施的差异。患者水平数据采用Fisher精确检验分析,眼水平数据采用logistic回归分析,采用广义估计方程来解释同一个体眼睛的相关性。结果:使用适当的ICD代码识别了296名PWD患者的507只眼睛,并交叉参考了2014年1月至2019年10月期间在同一中心接受白内障超声乳化手术的7853名患者的12,949只眼睛的白内障手术结果数据库。PWD患者年龄较大(p = 0.006),并发成熟性白内障的可能性较大(p = 0.017)。PWD患者全麻率较高(p = 0.005)。PWD组和非PWD组的并发症发生率没有差异。两组术前最佳矫正的LogMAR距离视力(CDVA) (p p p p = .169)。结论:PWD在白内障手术中出现的年龄较晚,更容易出现成熟白内障和全麻,但并发症发生率不高,术后CDVA有明显改善。这些发现应该鼓舞正在接受白内障手术咨询的残疾人士,并有可能改善残疾人士的功能。
{"title":"Cataract Phacoemulsification in People with Dementia: Characterization and Outcomes.","authors":"Nathan C Grove, Victoria S Pelak, Karen L Christopher, Brandie D Wagner, Anne M Lynch, Jennifer L Patnaik","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2279113","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2279113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize cataract surgery in people with dementia (PWD) using a cataract surgery outcomes database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Demographics, medical and ocular history, surgical characteristics, and postoperative measures were analyzed for differences between PWD and non-PWD cohorts. Patient-level data were analyzed with Fisher's Exact Test, and eye-level data were analyzed with logistic regression using generalized estimating equations to account for correlation of eyes from the same individual.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>507 eyes from 296 PWD were identified using appropriate ICD codes and cross-referenced to a cataract surgery outcomes database containing 12,949 eyes from 7,853 patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification at a single center between January 2014 and October 2019. PWD were older (<i>p</i> < .001), had shorter duration cataract surgeries (<i>p</i> = .006), and were more likely to have mature cataract (<i>p</i> = .017). The rate of general anesthesia was higher in PWD (<i>p</i> = .005). There were no differences in complication rates between PWD and non-PWD cohorts. Both preoperative best corrected LogMAR distance visual acuity (CDVA) (<i>p</i> < .001) and postoperative CDVA (<i>p</i> < .001) were worse in PWD. CDVA significantly improved in both groups (<i>p</i> < .001); however, the average magnitude of improvement in CDVA was not significantly different between groups (<i>p</i> = .169).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PWD present for cataract surgery at a later age and were more likely to have mature cataracts and general anesthesia, but did not have higher rates of complication, and showed significant improvement in CDVA following surgery. These findings should be encouraging to PWD undergoing counseling for cataract surgery, and for the potential for improved function in PWD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136398579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2399345
Yeji Kim,Kyungdo Han,Jae Hui Kim
PURPOSETo investigate the association between the retinal vascular occlusion and vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).METHODSThis nationwide population-based cohort study included 2,742,065 individuals aged ≥ 20 years who were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 from March 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021, and unvaccinated individuals matched at a ratio of approximately 1:10 by gender and age, all without a history of retinal vascular occlusion. The occurrence of retinal vascular occlusion was observed up to 60 days after the 1st vaccination date in the vaccination group, while 60 days from January 1, 2021, in the non-vaccination group. The risk of developing retinal vascular occlusion was compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects. Risks were also compared among the different types of vaccines.RESULTSVaccination lowered the risk of retinal vascular occlusion, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64-0.99; p = 0.039). For individuals aged < 40 years, the vaccination lowered the risk of retinal vascular occlusion occurrence significantly compared with those over the age of 40 (OR, 0.35 for age 20-39, 0.83 for age 40-64, 0.81 for age ≥ 65; P for interaction = 0.028). There was a significant difference in the ORs for retinal vascular occlusion among the four vaccine types (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSSARS-CoV-2 vaccination did not increase the risk of retinal vascular occlusion. However, the risk levels differed depending on the type of vaccine used. Considering the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, it is imperative to conduct additional assessments of the recently introduced vaccines.
{"title":"Retinal Vascular Occlusions After COVID-19 Vaccination in South Korea: A Nation-Wide Population-Based Study.","authors":"Yeji Kim,Kyungdo Han,Jae Hui Kim","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2399345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2399345","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSETo investigate the association between the retinal vascular occlusion and vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).METHODSThis nationwide population-based cohort study included 2,742,065 individuals aged ≥ 20 years who were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 from March 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021, and unvaccinated individuals matched at a ratio of approximately 1:10 by gender and age, all without a history of retinal vascular occlusion. The occurrence of retinal vascular occlusion was observed up to 60 days after the 1st vaccination date in the vaccination group, while 60 days from January 1, 2021, in the non-vaccination group. The risk of developing retinal vascular occlusion was compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects. Risks were also compared among the different types of vaccines.RESULTSVaccination lowered the risk of retinal vascular occlusion, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64-0.99; p = 0.039). For individuals aged < 40 years, the vaccination lowered the risk of retinal vascular occlusion occurrence significantly compared with those over the age of 40 (OR, 0.35 for age 20-39, 0.83 for age 40-64, 0.81 for age ≥ 65; P for interaction = 0.028). There was a significant difference in the ORs for retinal vascular occlusion among the four vaccine types (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSSARS-CoV-2 vaccination did not increase the risk of retinal vascular occlusion. However, the risk levels differed depending on the type of vaccine used. Considering the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, it is imperative to conduct additional assessments of the recently introduced vaccines.","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2391028
Hiromi Yee, Suzanne Adkins
To systematically assess the association between cigarette smoking and development of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) in the general adult population. Heterogeneity will be explored appropriatel...
{"title":"Cigarette Smoking and its Association with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Hiromi Yee, Suzanne Adkins","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2391028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2391028","url":null,"abstract":"To systematically assess the association between cigarette smoking and development of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) in the general adult population. Heterogeneity will be explored appropriatel...","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PURPOSEInterventions such as eye exams and glasses are used to correct visual problems that may lead to amblyopia, an irreversible decrease in visual acuity. Children with limited access to these interventions are more likely to have unaddressed visual problems that can lead to amblyopia or negatively impact school performance. This study compared vision screening results of children in schools with Title 1 or Non-Title 1 designation to investigate the link between poverty and vision.METHODSData from KidsFIRST vision screenings conducted with the SPOTTM photoscreener performed in Rapid City Area elementary schools were compared across multiple parameters. Students were referred for eye examinations based on identifying the following problems: anisometropia, anisocoria, astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, gaze misalignment, or a combination.RESULTSOverall, eye exam referral rates have increased since 2012 (11.9% in 2012, 19.7% in 2023), with a disproportionate increase in referrals from Title 1 schools (25.2% in 2023) vs. Non-Title 1 schools (11.9% in 2023) (p < 0.001). This is largely due to a significantly higher prevalence of astigmatism referrals in Title 1 students (20.9%) compared to Non-Title 1 students (7.5%). Although a higher percentage of Title 1 students are reported to have eye correction (24.4% vs 16.6%), only a slightly higher percentage of Title 1 students wore eye correction during screening (11.5% vs 10.5%).CONCLUSIONStudents at Title 1 schools may have a higher rate of amblyopia risk factors. Additional eye care-based interventions should be taken to reduce the risk of amblyopia in this population.
目的眼科检查和配眼镜等干预措施用于矫正可能导致弱视的视力问题,弱视是一种不可逆转的视力下降。接受这些干预措施的机会有限的儿童更有可能存在未得到解决的视力问题,从而导致弱视或对学习成绩产生负面影响。本研究比较了 "头衔 1 "学校和非 "头衔 1 "学校儿童的视力筛查结果,以研究贫困与视力之间的联系。方法比较了拉皮德城地区小学使用 SPOTTM 光检仪进行的 KidsFIRST 视力筛查数据,并对多个参数进行了比较。结果总体而言,自 2012 年以来,眼科检查转诊率有所上升(2012 年为 11.9%,2023 年为 19.7%),其中来自 Title 1 学校的转诊率(2023 年为 25.2%)与非 Title 1 学校的转诊率(2023 年为 11.9%)相比增幅过大(p < 0.001)。这主要是由于 Title 1 学生的散光转诊率(20.9%)明显高于非 Title 1 学生(7.5%)。尽管 "第一学位 "学生中接受过眼部矫正的比例较高(24.4% vs 16.6%),但在筛查过程中,"第一学位 "学生中接受眼部矫正的比例仅略高于非 "第一学位 "学生(11.5% vs 10.5%)。应采取更多基于眼保健的干预措施,以降低这一人群的弱视风险。
{"title":"Poverty and Vision: The Effect of Title 1 Status on Vision Screening Referral Rates in School-Aged Children in Western South Dakota.","authors":"Brandon Vander Zee,Marilee Kneeland,Taylor Slingsby","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2399348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2399348","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEInterventions such as eye exams and glasses are used to correct visual problems that may lead to amblyopia, an irreversible decrease in visual acuity. Children with limited access to these interventions are more likely to have unaddressed visual problems that can lead to amblyopia or negatively impact school performance. This study compared vision screening results of children in schools with Title 1 or Non-Title 1 designation to investigate the link between poverty and vision.METHODSData from KidsFIRST vision screenings conducted with the SPOTTM photoscreener performed in Rapid City Area elementary schools were compared across multiple parameters. Students were referred for eye examinations based on identifying the following problems: anisometropia, anisocoria, astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, gaze misalignment, or a combination.RESULTSOverall, eye exam referral rates have increased since 2012 (11.9% in 2012, 19.7% in 2023), with a disproportionate increase in referrals from Title 1 schools (25.2% in 2023) vs. Non-Title 1 schools (11.9% in 2023) (p < 0.001). This is largely due to a significantly higher prevalence of astigmatism referrals in Title 1 students (20.9%) compared to Non-Title 1 students (7.5%). Although a higher percentage of Title 1 students are reported to have eye correction (24.4% vs 16.6%), only a slightly higher percentage of Title 1 students wore eye correction during screening (11.5% vs 10.5%).CONCLUSIONStudents at Title 1 schools may have a higher rate of amblyopia risk factors. Additional eye care-based interventions should be taken to reduce the risk of amblyopia in this population.","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}