António Egas Moniz: From pioneering brain imaging to controversial psychosurgery. A 150th birthday celebration.

IF 0.3 3区哲学 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI:10.1080/0964704X.2024.2401469

Larissa Junkes, Marleide da Mota Gomes, Antonio E Nardi

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Abstract

António Egas Moniz, born in 1874, was a pioneer in neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry who brought about important changes in the 1920s using groundbreaking brain imaging techniques, such as cerebral angiography. This innovative procedure allowed the visualization of brain structures, leading to many advances in neurology and neurosurgery. Moniz also made noteworthy contributions to psychosurgery, including the development of prefrontal lobotomy. Although initially praised for his inventive techniques, lobotomy sparked ethical debates and public controversies due to its adverse effects and questionable scientific foundation. Moniz's was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 and received various honors in Portugal for his scientific, literary, and artistic achievements. His work continues to influence the field of neuroscience, and angiography remains a crucial imaging method for diagnosing and treating brain disorders. Moniz's complex legacy highlights the intricate balance between medical advances, ethical considerations, and public perceptions in the history of medicine.

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安东尼奥-埃加斯-莫尼兹：从开创性的脑成像技术到备受争议的精神外科手术。150 周年庆典。

安东尼奥-埃加斯-莫尼兹出生于 1874 年，是神经内科、神经外科和精神病学的先驱，他在 20 世纪 20 年代利用脑血管造影术等开创性的脑成像技术带来了重大变革。这种创新的方法使大脑结构可视化，从而推动了神经内科和神经外科的许多进步。莫尼兹在精神外科方面也做出了值得一提的贡献，其中包括前额叶切除术的发展。尽管莫尼兹最初因其创造性的技术而备受赞誉，但前额叶切除术却因其不良影响和可疑的科学基础而引发了伦理辩论和公众争议。莫尼斯于 1949 年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，并因其科学、文学和艺术成就在葡萄牙获得各种荣誉。他的工作继续影响着神经科学领域，血管造影术仍然是诊断和治疗脑部疾病的重要成像方法。莫尼兹留下的复杂遗产凸显了医学史上医学进步、伦理考虑和公众看法之间错综复杂的平衡。

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来源期刊

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 社会科学-科学史与科学哲学

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

20.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of the History of the Neurosciences is the leading communication platform dealing with the historical roots of the basic and applied neurosciences. Its domains cover historical perspectives and developments, including biographical studies, disorders, institutions, documents, and instrumentation in neurology, neurosurgery, neuropsychiatry, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neuropsychology, and the behavioral neurosciences. The history of ideas, changes in society and medicine, and the connections with other disciplines (e.g., the arts, philosophy, psychology) are welcome. In addition to original, full-length papers, the journal welcomes informative short communications, letters to the editors, book reviews, and contributions to its NeuroWords and Neurognostics columns. All manuscripts are subject to initial appraisal by an Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, full- and short-length papers are subject to peer review (double blind, if requested) by at least 2 anonymous referees.