Acute fatal chromium toxicity: A case report of electroplating water ingestion

Abstract

Heavy metals, including chromium, are extensively employed in industrial processes, leading to human poisoning and environmental contamination. Chronic exposure to chromium commonly occurs through skin contact and inhalation of airborne particles. The bioaccumulation of chromium can result in toxicity and harm to various biological systems. However, it is quite rare to come across reports of acute fatal cases resulting from oral ingestion of chromium.

Here we report a case of the accidental ingestion of electroplating water containing chromium by the female worker resulted in multiple organ failure and ultimately died. The initial symptoms of nausea and abdominal pain are consistent with chromium toxicity. The sequential impairment of various organ systems, starting with the kidneys and progressing damage to the liver, digestive system, cardiovascular system, and immune system, indicates the widespread toxic effects of chromium on the body. Interestingly, the yellow-green changes observed in multiple organs during the autopsy and it have not been previously documented in the literature. The histopathological examination further confirmed the extensive damage. Toxicological analysis substantiated the presence of chromium in various body fluids and organs, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This confirms the absorption and distribution of chromium throughout the body following oral ingestion. These findings highlight the acute and severe toxic effects of orally ingested chromium, leading to fatal consequences in this case.