Toxic effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on co-culture model of human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and macrophages (THP-1)

IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Sciences Europe Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI:10.1186/s12302-024-01003-7
Pennapa Takam, Andreas Schäffer, Sarunya Laovitthayanggoon, Wasin Charerntantanakul, Panwad Sillapawattana
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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are particulate matter bound environmental contaminants known to cause adverse effects on human health. The toxicity of carcinogenic PAH such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) has been extensively investigated, whereas other PAHs have received less attention. The present work investigated the toxic effects of three less investigated PAHs with distinct molecular weights in comparison to BaP on co-culture model of human epithelial lung cells (A549) and macrophages (THP-1). Due to the involvement of more than one cell type in the response to PAH exposure, the new co-culture model is considered to be suitable for the prediction of undesired toxicological effects of PAHs. To do so, the co-culture was established and exposed to 0–400 µM of phenanthrene (PHE), fluoranthene (FLA), and, benzo [ghi] perylene (BghiP) for 24 h. Subsequently, cytotoxicity, micronucleus formation, and cytokine excretion were analyzed. The results revealed that the viability of A549 cells decreased after being exposed to increasing concentrations of PAHs. The formation of micronuclei in binucleated cells (BNC) was found more frequently in cells treated with PAHs in comparison to the untreated group, indicating the genotoxic effect of these compounds. Moreover, an exposure to PAHs enhanced the pro-inflammatory cytokine, i.e., interleukin-6 secretion, while diminished the anti-inflammatory cytokine, i.e., interleukin-10. In summary, PAHs possess negative effects on A549 and THP-1 co-culture model, implying an adverse effect on human health when coming into contact with these chemicals via respiration.

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多环芳烃(PAHs)对人肺泡上皮细胞(A549)和巨噬细胞(THP-1)共培养模型的毒性效应
多环芳烃(PAHs)是与颗粒物质结合在一起的环境污染物,已知会对人类健康造成不良影响。苯并[a]芘(BaP)等致癌多环芳烃的毒性已得到广泛研究,而其他多环芳烃则较少受到关注。与 BaP 相比,本研究调查了三种较少调查的不同分子量的多环芳烃对人类上皮肺细胞(A549)和巨噬细胞(THP-1)共培养模型的毒性影响。由于在多环芳烃暴露的反应中涉及到不止一种细胞类型,新的共培养模型被认为适用于预测多环芳烃的不良毒理效应。为此,我们建立了共培养模型,并将其暴露于 0-400 µM 的菲类(PHE)、荧蒽(FLA)和苯并[ghi]苝(BghiP)中 24 小时,随后分析了细胞毒性、微核形成和细胞因子排泄。结果表明,A549 细胞在暴露于浓度越来越高的多环芳烃后,活力下降。与未处理组相比,经 PAHs 处理的细胞更容易形成双核细胞(BNC)中的微核,这表明这些化合物具有基因毒性作用。此外,暴露于 PAHs 会增加促炎细胞因子(即白细胞介素-6)的分泌,同时减少抗炎细胞因子(即白细胞介素-10)的分泌。总之,多环芳烃对 A549 和 THP-1 共培养模型有负面影响,这意味着通过呼吸接触这些化学物质会对人体健康产生不利影响。
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来源期刊
Environmental Sciences Europe
Environmental Sciences Europe Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
11.20
自引率
1.70%
发文量
110
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation. ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation. ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation. Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues. Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.
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