Photobiomodulation improves functional recovery after mild traumatic brain injury

IF 6.1 2区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Bioengineering & Translational Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI:10.1002/btm2.10727
Andrew R. Stevens, Mohammed Hadis, Abhinav Thareja, Freya G. Anderson, Michael R. Milward, Valentina Di Pietro, Antonio Belli, William Palin, David J. Davies, Zubair Ahmed
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Abstract

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common consequence of head injury but there are no recognized interventions to promote recovery of the brain. We previously showed that photobiomodulation (PBM) significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells in adult rat hippocampal organotypic slice cultures. In this study, we first optimized PBM delivery parameters for use in mTBI, conducting cadaveric studies to calibrate 660 and 810 nm lasers for transcutaneous delivery of PBM to the cortical surface. We then used an in vivo weight drop mTBI model in adult rats and delivered daily optimized doses of 660, 810 nm, or combined 660/810 nm PBM. Functional recovery was assessed using novel object recognition (NOR) and beam balance tests, whilst histology and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the mTBI neuropathology. We found that PBM at 810, 660 nm, or 810/660 nm all significantly improved both NOR and beam balance performance, with 810 nm PBM having the greatest effects. Histology demonstrated no overt structural damage in the brain after mTBI, however, immunohistochemistry using brain sections showed significantly reduced activation of both CD11b+ microglia and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ astrocytes at 3 days post‐injury. Significantly reduced cortical localization of the apoptosis marker, cleaved caspase‐3, and modest reductions in extracellular matrix deposition after PBM treatment, limited to choroid plexus and periventricular areas were also observed. Our results demonstrate that 810 nm PBM optimally improved functional outcomes after mTBI, reduced markers associated with apoptosis and astrocyte/microglial activation, and thus may be useful as a potential regenerative therapy.
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光生物调节改善轻度脑外伤后的功能恢复
轻度创伤性脑损伤(mTBI)是头部受伤的常见后果,但目前还没有公认的促进大脑恢复的干预措施。我们以前的研究表明,光生物调控(PBM)能显著减少成年大鼠海马有机切片培养物中凋亡细胞的数量。在这项研究中,我们首先优化了用于 mTBI 的 PBM 输送参数,通过尸体研究校准了 660 和 810 nm 激光,以便经皮将 PBM 输送到大脑皮层表面。然后,我们在成年大鼠体内使用了体重下降 mTBI 模型,并每天输送优化剂量的 660、810 nm 或 660/810 nm 组合 PBM。使用新物体识别(NOR)和横梁平衡测试评估功能恢复情况,同时使用组织学和免疫组织化学方法评估 mTBI 神经病理学。我们发现,波长为 810 纳米、660 纳米或 810/660 纳米的 PBM 都能显著提高 NOR 和横梁平衡能力,其中波长为 810 纳米的 PBM 效果最好。组织学显示,创伤后脑损伤后大脑结构没有明显损伤,但是,使用脑切片进行的免疫组化显示,CD11b+小胶质细胞和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)+星形胶质细胞的活化在伤后 3 天明显减少。此外,还观察到凋亡标志物--裂解的 Caspase-3 在大脑皮层的定位明显减少,以及 PBM 治疗后细胞外基质沉积的适度减少,但仅限于脉络丛和脑室周围区域。我们的研究结果表明,810 nm PBM 能以最佳方式改善 mTBI 后的功能预后,减少与细胞凋亡和星形胶质细胞/小胶质细胞活化相关的标记物,因此可作为一种潜在的再生疗法。
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来源期刊
Bioengineering & Translational Medicine
Bioengineering & Translational Medicine Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Pharmaceutical Science
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
4.10%
发文量
150
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Bioengineering & Translational Medicine, an official, peer-reviewed online open-access journal of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) and the Society for Biological Engineering (SBE), focuses on how chemical and biological engineering approaches drive innovative technologies and solutions that impact clinical practice and commercial healthcare products.
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