Design and analysis of graphene slot waveguide micro-ring modulator with high extinction ratio and bandwidth

IF 4.6 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS Optics and Laser Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI:10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111953

Mohamad Sadegh Pishvaei, Mohamad Hasan Yavari

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Abstract

A high-performance graphene electro-refractive and electro-absorption optical micro-ring modulator is investigated. Various graphene strip and slot waveguides are studied for their potential to enhance modulation efficiency due to the unique properties of graphene, such as its exceptional optical and electrical characteristics. The bandwidth (BW) of the presented ring modulator in critical coupling conditions is enhanced by optimizing active region length and oxide thickness. According to the simulation results, a double layer graphene ring modulator (DLG-RM) based on a slot waveguide exhibits superior modulation efficiency, with an extinction ratio (ER) of more than 60 dB, an electro-optic bandwidth of more than 40 GHz, and power consumption of less than 40 fJ/bit for phase as well as amplitude modulation at around 1550 nm. For efficient coupling between the strip and the slot waveguide, an optimized symmetric multi-mode interferometer (MMI) is implied. By proper design of DLG-RM, the vital tradeoff between ER and BW is enhanced, and a device with a small footprint and CMOS compatibility is proposed for optical interconnects.

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具有高消光比和带宽的石墨烯槽波导微环调制器的设计与分析

研究了一种高性能石墨烯电折射和电吸收光学微环调制器。研究了各种石墨烯条状和槽状波导，以了解它们在提高调制效率方面的潜力，这得益于石墨烯的独特性质，如其优异的光学和电学特性。通过优化有源区长度和氧化物厚度，提高了所介绍的环形调制器在临界耦合条件下的带宽（BW）。根据仿真结果，基于槽波导的双层石墨烯环调制器（DLG-RM）显示出卓越的调制效率，消光比（ER）超过 60 dB，电光带宽超过 40 GHz，在 1550 nm 左右进行相位和振幅调制时的功耗小于 40 fJ/bit。为了实现条带与槽波导之间的高效耦合，需要采用优化的对称多模干涉仪（MMI）。通过适当设计 DLG-RM，增强了 ER 和 BW 之间的重要权衡，并为光互连提出了一种占地面积小且与 CMOS 兼容的器件。

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来源期刊

Optics and Laser Technology 物理-光学

CiteScore

8.50

自引率

10.00%

发文量

1060

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： Optics & Laser Technology aims to provide a vehicle for the publication of a broad range of high quality research and review papers in those fields of scientific and engineering research appertaining to the development and application of the technology of optics and lasers. Papers describing original work in these areas are submitted to rigorous refereeing prior to acceptance for publication. The scope of Optics & Laser Technology encompasses, but is not restricted to, the following areas: •development in all types of lasers •developments in optoelectronic devices and photonics •developments in new photonics and optical concepts •developments in conventional optics, optical instruments and components •techniques of optical metrology, including interferometry and optical fibre sensors •LIDAR and other non-contact optical measurement techniques, including optical methods in heat and fluid flow •applications of lasers to materials processing, optical NDT display (including holography) and optical communication •research and development in the field of laser safety including studies of hazards resulting from the applications of lasers (laser safety, hazards of laser fume) •developments in optical computing and optical information processing •developments in new optical materials •developments in new optical characterization methods and techniques •developments in quantum optics •developments in light assisted micro and nanofabrication methods and techniques •developments in nanophotonics and biophotonics •developments in imaging processing and systems