A review of Eye-Tracking Applications in biophilic design

Abstract

The application of eye-tracking technology to evaluate biophilic design in built environments has increased, yet a comprehensive analysis of its integration and efficacy remains limited. This review conducted a structured search in Scopus and Web of Science using the search terms “eye tracking” AND “biophil∗,” identifying 35 publications that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. It collates the details of the biophilic elements under investigation, the research designs employed, and the theoretical frameworks that underpin the use of eye-tracking technology. The analysis reveals that daylight and plants are the most commonly examined biophilic elements. Synthesizing eye-tracking responses to these elements is challenging due to the distinct theoretical perspectives applied across studies of daylight and plants. Moreover, the research designs in these studies differ significantly, especially regarding the choice of eye-tracking devices, metrics, and experimental tasks. Extending beyond the initial 35 publications, the discussion incorporates insights from additional eye-tracking studies outside the biophilic realm, pinpointing opportunities for theoretical and methodological improvements. This research underscores the capacity of eye-tracking technology to enrich our understanding of human interactions with natural elements, advocating for the biophilic design in built environments.