Building and Environment最新文献

A mixed reality approach to identify cognitive performance and mental states in preferred vs. non-preferred individual and collaborative work environments

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112806

Jin-Bin Im , Moonboo Joo , Kyung-Tae Lee , Ju-Hyung Kim

Optimizing workers' mental states has been identified as a key factor in enhancing work performance and achieving workplace benefits. Factors such as office design and work dynamics (i.e. individual vs. collaborative) play a crucial role in influencing workers' mental states and behavior. However, the interplay of these elements is often overlooked. This study introduces a mixed reality approach to investigate the effects of office design and work dynamics on cognitive performance and mental states. The independent variables were defined as preferred and non-preferred indoor spaces, combined with individual and collaborative work dynamics. Four experimental scenarios were created to assess their impact on workers' mental states and cognitive performance. Thirty participants performed individual (memory and executive function) and collaborative (creativity and reasoning) tasks in both preferred and non-preferred spaces. Electroencephalographic and cognitive performance data were collected during the experiments. The findings showed that indoor office design did not significantly influence individual cognition, memory, or executive function. However, creativity and mental stress increased in preferred spaces, while reasoning improved in non-preferred environments. Additionally, individual tasks heightened mental workload, whereas collaborative work increased mental stress. These findings, enabled by the immersive and controlled conditions in mixed reality, highlight the importance of aligning office design according to work dynamics to support performance enhancement and mental well-being. This study demonstrates the potential of mixed reality as a tool to facilitate user experience for workspace research and design in advance.

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引用次数: 0

Odour transfer in membrane energy exchangers for ventilation: An investigation on sensory perception and design implications

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112795

Peng Liu , Mathea Lie Tærum , Maria Justo Alonso , Anneli Halfvardsson , Hans Martin Mathisen

Membrane energy exchangers (MEEs) are increasingly utilized for their ability to maintain adequate ventilation rates that ensure good indoor air quality in an energy efficient manner. Their capability to transfer moisture reduces humidity loads in hot, humid climates and prevents frost formation inside heat exchangers in cold climates. Nevertheless, odour transfer through semi-permeable membranes has been largely overlooked assuming negligible effect without robust scientific evidence. Recent studies have revealed that the commonly used tracer gas method for heat recovery systems is inadequate for assessing odour transfer in MEEs. This study developed three MEEs using additive manufacturing. While maintaining identical dimensions, the MEEs incorporated different membranes with distinct pore sizes and moisture transfer abilities. Untrained sensory panels, comprising 20–25 participants, assessed odour perception in a laboratory environment. Six representative odour sources commonly encountered in real-world scenarios, along with three blank controls, were evaluated. The results show that high-intensity odours, such as salami, posed significant challenges for all tested MEEs, with dissatisfaction rates ranging from 72 % to 95 %. MEE-1, with the highest humidity transfer resistance (143.3 s/m), demonstrated the best odour mitigation performance. The other two MEEs showed comparable sensory outcomes despite MEE-2′s higher humidity transfer resistance. No consistent correlation was identified between moisture transfer resistance and odour transfer resistance, indicating that odour selectivity cannot be reliably benchmarked based solely on moisture transfer properties. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into the factors influencing odour transfer and the importance of tailoring MEE designs for specific odour profiles.

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引用次数: 0

Literature review of solar control smart building glazing: Technologies, performance, and research insights

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112784

Henriqueta Teixeira , A. Rodrigues Moret , Daniel Aelenei , M. Glória Gomes

Conventional glazing, typically exhibits poor performance characterized by high thermal losses, overheating and potential glare, thereby compromising both building energy efficiency and occupants’ comfort. In response, the scientific community has been actively engaged in researching and developing innovative glazing solutions capable to adapt to environmental conditions and even produce energy, such as smart glazing. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the performance of solar control smart glazing solutions installed on building façades. First, the smart glazing technologies covered in this review are introduced: photochromic, thermochromic, phase change, gasochromic, electrochromic, suspended particles and liquid crystals. Subsequently, research studies on these technologies are carefully analyzed to identify the type of glazing, climate and energy and comfort performance outcomes. The studies covered include tropical, arid, temperate and continental climates. The findings highlight that electrochromic and thermochromic glazing solutions are the most extensively studied, achieving notable energy savings and improvement of indoor comfort. Photochromic, suspended particles and liquid crystals glazing increase visual comfort, while studies on gasochromic glazing are scarce, though they report energy savings. Finally, this review identifies research gaps and emphasizes the need for future studies that holistically assess the energy, comfort, economic and environmental aspects of these glazing solutions under different climates.

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引用次数: 0

Generating a nationwide residential building types dataset using machine learning

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112782

Kristina Dabrock , Jens Ulken , Noah Pflugradt , Jann Michael Weinand , Detlef Stolten

The lack of high-resolution building data is an obstacle to the development of detailed, spatially explicit recommendations for decarbonization measures. In an effort to fill this gap, this study outlines the creation of a building level dataset based on standardized building archetypes for all German residential buildings. A machine learning approach using XGBoost is used to train models to predict the size class and construction year of individual buildings. Refurbishment states are assigned based on federal state level statistics. Based on these characteristics, TABULA building archetypes are assigned. The training data generation is primarily based on the grid dataset of the German census. The data is enriched with morphological features of buildings and neighborhoods, as well as socio-economic characteristics. The machine learning models perform with accuracies of 97.4 % and 73.9 %, respectively, on a test set at the individual building level. The distribution of size classes and construction years in the resulting dataset shows a high degree of agreement with official statistics at the federal state level, but also a tendency to overrepresent majority classes. This study proves that the chosen methodology is suitable for generating a complete nationwide dataset. By providing spatially resolved, individual building data that can serve as a proxy for the energetic properties of buildings, the resulting dataset can facilitate building-related energy transition analyses.

{"title":"Generating a nationwide residential building types dataset using machine learning","authors":"Kristina Dabrock , Jens Ulken , Noah Pflugradt , Jann Michael Weinand , Detlef Stolten","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lack of high-resolution building data is an obstacle to the development of detailed, spatially explicit recommendations for decarbonization measures. In an effort to fill this gap, this study outlines the creation of a building level dataset based on standardized building archetypes for all German residential buildings. A machine learning approach using XGBoost is used to train models to predict the size class and construction year of individual buildings. Refurbishment states are assigned based on federal state level statistics. Based on these characteristics, TABULA building archetypes are assigned. The training data generation is primarily based on the grid dataset of the German census. The data is enriched with morphological features of buildings and neighborhoods, as well as socio-economic characteristics. The machine learning models perform with accuracies of 97.4 % and 73.9 %, respectively, on a test set at the individual building level. The distribution of size classes and construction years in the resulting dataset shows a high degree of agreement with official statistics at the federal state level, but also a tendency to overrepresent majority classes. This study proves that the chosen methodology is suitable for generating a complete nationwide dataset. By providing spatially resolved, individual building data that can serve as a proxy for the energetic properties of buildings, the resulting dataset can facilitate building-related energy transition analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 112782"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiological strain under different wet bulb temperatures during daylong humid heat exposure in young men

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112783

Huijuan Xu , Lei Zhang , Zhao Jin , Aobing Wang , Zhijian Liu , Faming Wang

The increasingly severe humid heatwaves worldwide and associated heat stress are posing a growing threat to human health and survival, especially for vulnerable populations who cannot access air conditioning and may experience prolonged heat exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological responses, thermal perceptions and blood inflammatory cell counts during daylong hot-humid exposure. Twelve male participants underwent 8 h exposure under three conditions: thermoneutral environment (26 °C, 50 % RH) as the Control condition, as well as low-level (33.5 °C, 52 % RH) and high-level (36.5 °C, 57 % RH) humid heat environments with wet bulb temperatures of 25.5 °C and 29.0 °C, respectively. During the trials, participants performed sedentary office work. Body temperatures, heart rate, blood pressure, body fluid status, blood cell counts and thermal perceptions were measured. The results indicated that 8 h of high-level exposure elicited significantly increased core temperature (37.7 ± 0.3 °C) and heart rate (102 ± 16 bpm), with decreased mean arterial pressure (67 ± 5 mmHg), noticeable body weight loss (−1.65 % ± 0.67 %) as well as excessively elevated counts of leukocytes and neutrophils. These findings suggested that subjects experienced cardiovascular stress, dehydration and inflammatory responses after the exposure. By contrast, 8 h of low-level exposure caused increases in core temperature (37.3 ± 0.1 °C) and mean skin temperature (35.4 ± 0.3 °C), with mild body weight loss (−1.08 % ± 0.60 %). This study is expected to provide empirical evidence for public health practice and heat protection advice, helping to reduce the potential health risks of hot weather.

全球范围内日益严重的潮湿热浪和与之相关的热应激对人类的健康和生存构成了越来越大的威胁，尤其是对于无法使用空调和可能经历长时间热暴露的弱势群体而言。本研究旨在评估全天湿热暴露期间的生理反应、热感知和血液炎症细胞计数。12 名男性参与者在三种条件下暴露了 8 小时：中温环境（26 °C，50 % 相对湿度）作为对照条件，以及湿球温度分别为 25.5 °C和 29.0 °C的低度湿热环境（33.5 °C，52 % 相对湿度）和高度湿热环境（36.5 °C，57 % 相对湿度）。试验期间，参与者在办公室久坐不动。对体温、心率、血压、体液状态、血细胞计数和热感觉进行了测量。结果表明，8 小时的高强度暴露会导致核心体温（37.7 ± 0.3 °C）和心率（102 ± 16 bpm）显著升高，平均动脉压降低（67 ± 5 mmHg），体重明显减轻（-1.65 % ± 0.67 %），白细胞和中性粒细胞计数过度升高。这些结果表明，受试者在暴露后经历了心血管压力、脱水和炎症反应。相比之下，8 小时的低水平暴露会导致核心体温（37.3 ± 0.1 °C）和平均皮肤温度（35.4 ± 0.3 °C）升高，体重轻度下降（-1.08 % ± 0.60 %）。这项研究有望为公共卫生实践和防暑建议提供经验证据，帮助降低高温天气对健康的潜在风险。

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引用次数: 0

A novel climate resilience implementation model for the construction industry: An international perspective

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112793

Sakibu Seidu, Daniel W.M. Chan, Caleb Debrah

Although climate resilience is crucial in the construction industry (CI), its multidimensional and dynamic nature impedes global efforts. Existing studies and the Building Resilience Index (BRI) primarily focus on evaluating either the adaptive capacity of buildings or climate mitigation measures. Consequently, the CI lacks an integrated climate resilience implementation model for building practitioners. To address this gap, the current study investigates multidimensional climate resilience considerations in the CI. Through expert validation and linear modelling, the study found that urban heat islands considerations (UHI) (β = 0.327, p < 0.003), energy resilience (ER) (β = 0.325, p < 0.001), and stakeholder resilience (SR) (β = 0.183, p < 0.006) significantly and positively impact carbon reduction (CR) (mitigation). The model corroborates existing theories on the relationship between ER and CR. Additionally, it extends the theory to other climate resilience dimensions. The results highlight the critical role of thermal resilience (building envelope) on ER (β = 0.391, p < 0.000). Biodiversity resilience (BD) significantly affects ER (β = 0.308, p < 0.002) and has profound effects on SR (β = 0.529, p < 0.000) and UHI (β = 0.474, p < 0.000). The model also shows that water resilience significantly impacts UHI resilience (β = 0.321, p < 0.000) and moderately affects SR (β = 0.287, p < 0.001). This study proposes an integrated climate resilience approach, addressing both mitigation through carbon reduction and adaptability to climate change impacts. The dynamic model integrates diverse proactive measures, offering a full contextual understanding and practical implementation guidelines for policymakers and construction practitioners.

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引用次数: 0

A calculation method for infiltration airflow in underground metro station equipment rooms based on pressure fluctuation characteristics: A case study

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112789

Yining Nie , Yixiang Huang , Zhixuan Li , Moyun Liu , Yongjiu Lai , Xing Su

The piston wind from subway trains enters equipment rooms, greatly affecting station air conditioning systems. Despite its importance, little research has been done on this topic. This study conducts field tests to examine pressure changes in equipment rooms at four typical subway stations in parts of China with hot summers and warm winters. The results show that subway trains cause significant pressure changes in equipment rooms outside platform doors, especially at the track area head, where changes are most noticeable. In contrast, pressure effects on equipment rooms inside platform doors are minimal, about 10% of those outside, and the effect of infiltrating wind on concourse-level rooms is negligible. Furthermore, a pressure integral calculation method for equipment rooms is proposed, using a fitting approach based on train speed and station blockage ratio. Along with the airtightness characteristics of the rooms (which depend on room area), a calculation method for infiltration airflow is developed. This study supports evaluating the impact of infiltrating wind on air conditioning loads in equipment rooms.

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引用次数: 0

Determination of the optimal thermal sensation voting scale for elderly people in summer: Considering environment-physiology-TSV correlation characteristics

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112777

Guozhong Zheng, Yuqin Zhang, Ziye Li, Xinru Yue, Xinyu Li

Measurement and quantification of thermal sensation is crucial for understanding the thermal demands of elderly people. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal thermal sensation voting scale for elderly people. Firstly, the environmental parameters, physiological parameters and thermal sensation votes (TSV) (3, 5, 7 and 9-point voting scale) were measured in two pensioners’ buildings. Secondly, the dimensions of environmental indicator and physiological indicator are reduced by principal component analysis. Finally, the correlation degrees between the environmental indicator/ physiological indicator and the four TSV values are calculated, and the optimal TSV voting scale is determined based on the fuzzy grey correlation method. The results show that air temperature, globe temperature, mean skin temperature and eardrum temperature retain a principal component. The fuzzy grey correlation degree between the TSV and the environmental indicator/physiological indicator decreases with the increase of the voting scale number. The 3-point TSV best corresponds with the environment-physiology characteristics of the elderly people. The thermal neutral temperature of the four TSV is 27.4, 27.5, 27.6 and 27.6 °C. The thermal comfort temperature is 23.2–31.5, 25.1–29.9, 25.8–29.4 and 25.9–29.2 °C. This study can provide method support for the measurement and quantification of TSV of elderly people in summer.

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引用次数: 0

Large disparities in spatiotemporal distributions of building carbon emissions across China

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112778

Jinpei Ou , Jiteng Xie , Xiaoping Liu

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from China's building sector constitute a significant portion of the total emissions, offering considerable potential for mitigation. However, the absence of fine-scale data on building carbon emissions has limited studies on their spatiotemporal characteristics, especially in urban and rural China. To address this issue, this study proposed a downscaling methodology to estimate high-resolution CO₂ emissions from China's building operation stage from 2000 to 2020 at five-year intervals. In the methodology, we first constructed provincial-level emission inventories. Then, an extended STIRPAT model and other machine learning algorithms were employed to establish relationships between provincial-level CO₂ emissions and multiple variables such as building volume. Based on these relationships, provincial-level emissions were downscaled to a 1 km grid resolution. Through a multi-model comparison, the extended STIRPAT model achieved higher fitting accuracy and captured more accurate and reasonable spatial characteristics of building CO₂ emissions. The downscaled results derived from this model were further substantiated by very high correlations with existing data at both municipal and grid scales, confirming their validity and reliability. The study found that high levels of building CO₂ emissions are predominantly concentrated in eastern China, while core cities experience slower growth rates. Notably, there are significant and widening urban-rural differences in building CO₂ emissions, especially in northern regions and certain developed cities. Spatial heterogeneity analysis indicated that urban areas have a more uniform distribution of emissions compared to rural areas. In rural regions, the spatial heterogeneity of building CO₂ emissions is particularly high and increasing in the west and northeast due to unbalanced development. To mitigate emissions while maintaining economic growth, it is crucial to strategically optimize the industrial structure, alongside harnessing rural potential to invigorate local economies and promote integrated urban-rural development.

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引用次数: 0

Human thermal responses under environmental step-change during different winter periods in severe cold area

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112770

Fanzhuo Zhou , Zhaojun Wang , Diwu Guan , Yuxin Yang , Chang Liu

The winter in severe cold area of China lasts as long as half a year, during which the outdoor temperature varies greatly. When people move between the indoor and outdoor, the sudden change of environment will affect human whole and local thermal responses. However, studies are scarce that aim at step change of large temperature differences in this area. A field study was conducted during different winter periods to explore the whole and local thermal responses to environmental step – changes, obtaining thermal response votes and skin temperature in real time. The results show that from early winter to the coldest period, the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor ranges from 15.3 °C to 24.5 °C. A larger temperature step leads to a longer stabilization time for physiological and psychological responses. There were significant differences in local thermal sensation and skin temperature in different parts. The thermal sensation of the calf could best reflect the whole thermal sensation, with correlation coefficients larger than 0.86. For the step change of cold environment, a model to predict the whole thermal sensation based on the local skin temperature of the calf was given, which has achieved a good prediction effect. Meanwhile, more sensitive changes in thermal comfort and lower thermal acceptability were observed from early winter to the coldest period, implying that people are not adapted to the sudden change.

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引用次数: 0