Greenhouse gas emissions during alfalfa cultivation: How do soil management and crop fertilisation of preceding maize impact emissions?

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109602
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Abstract

Context

The use of alfalfa in rotation with intensive crops is common practice to mitigate the physical and chemical issues arising from intensive farming practices. However, there is a dearth of studies on this practice. Given the current concern regarding climate change and the significant impact agriculture has on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, understanding the emissions associated with this practice, as well as the most suitable soil and crop management techniques for their mitigation, is of paramount importance.

Objective

The present study aimed to (i) quantify emissions of N2O, CO2 and CH4 in an alfalfa crop following a maize cropping scenario; (ii) to determine which tillage system generates the lowest GHG emissions, and; (iii) to determine how N fertilisation from a preceding intensive maize crop affects GHG emissions during alfalfa cropping period.

Methods

A three-year field experiment (2019, 2020 and 2021) was conducted to assess the emissions of N2O, CO2 and CH4 from alfalfa cultivation following a three-year period of irrigated maize. Two soil management practices (no-tillage and conventional tillage) were implemented during both the maize cropping period and the alfalfa establishment. Additionally, the nitrogen (N) fertilisation rates applied to the preceding maize crop were included as a treatment (0, 200, and 400 kg N ha⁻¹, corresponding to zero, medium, and high fertilisation levels, respectively) in a randomized block design with two factors.

Results

Emissions of N2O in alfalfa ranged from 0.05 to 0.32 mg N2O-N m⁻² day⁻¹, being significantly higher only during first month of sampling in the treatments that had received fertilisation. CO2 emissions ranged from 1158 to 4258 mg CO2-C m⁻² day⁻¹. Year-average CH4 fluxes were −0.27 g C ha⁻¹ day⁻¹. The average total dry matter produced by alfalfa was 17700 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, being higher for the no-tillage treatment, though significantly so only during first month of sampling.

Conclusions

Under Mediterranean conditions, the tillage system and mineral N fertilizer rates have a relative effect on greenhouse gas emissions during the alfalfa cropping period. Plots without N fertilization initially produced lower N2O emissions and higher total dry matter, resulting in the lowest scaled emissions. For the tillage treatment, no significant differences were found in emission dynamics, which may be due to the fact that alfalfa does not involve soil disturbance, leading to a homogenization of the treatments. However, the NT treatment showed lower scaled emissions due to higher yields in the first year. Therefore, alfalfa cultivation is characterized by low GHG emissions, high yields, and a notable capacity to mitigate the negative effects of previous intensive crops.

Significance

This study provides data on GHG emissions during alfalfa cropping in the typical Maize-alfalfa crop rotation under Mediterranean irrigated systems, which is useful for new agricultural policies aimed at reducing pollution in the agricultural sector. Additionally, it demonstrates the capability of this crop to mitigate adverse agronomic and environmental conditions caused by preceding intensive farming practices.
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紫花苜蓿种植过程中的温室气体排放:前作玉米的土壤管理和作物施肥对排放有何影响?
背景使用紫花苜蓿与集约化作物轮作是缓解集约化耕作带来的物理和化学问题的常见做法。然而,有关这种做法的研究却很少。鉴于当前人们对气候变化的关注以及农业对温室气体排放的重大影响,了解与这种做法相关的排放以及最适合的土壤和作物管理技术对缓解这些问题至关重要。本研究旨在:(i) 量化玉米种植方案后紫花苜蓿作物的一氧化二氮、二氧化碳和甲烷排放量;(ii) 确定哪种耕作制度产生的温室气体排放量最低;(iii) 确定之前密集型玉米作物的氮肥如何影响紫花苜蓿种植期间的温室气体排放量。方法 进行了一项为期三年(2019 年、2020 年和 2021 年)的田间试验,以评估灌溉玉米三年后紫花苜蓿种植的一氧化二氮、二氧化碳和甲烷排放量。在玉米种植期和紫花苜蓿生长期采用了两种土壤管理方法(免耕和常规耕作)。结果紫花苜蓿中的一氧化二氮排放量从 0.05 到 0.32 毫克一氧化二氮-氮平方米天¹不等,只有在第一个月采样时,施过肥的处理中的一氧化二氮排放量明显较高。二氧化碳排放量为 1158 至 4258 毫克 CO2-C m² 天-¹。全年平均甲烷通量为-0.27 g C ha-¹ day-¹。结论在地中海条件下,耕作制度和矿物氮肥施用量对紫花苜蓿种植期间的温室气体排放有相对影响。未施用氮肥的地块最初产生的一氧化二氮排放量较低,干物质总量较高,因此按比例计算的排放量最低。在耕作处理中,排放动态没有发现显著差异,这可能是由于紫花苜蓿不涉及土壤扰动,导致处理的同质性。不过,由于第一年产量较高,NT 处理的按比例排放较低。因此,紫花苜蓿种植的特点是温室气体排放量低、产量高,并能显著减轻以往密集型作物的负面影响。 意义 本研究提供了地中海灌溉系统下典型的玉米-紫花苜蓿轮作中紫花苜蓿种植期间的温室气体排放数据,这对旨在减少农业污染的新农业政策很有帮助。此外,它还证明了这种作物有能力缓解之前的集约化耕作方式造成的不利农艺和环境条件。
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
期刊最新文献
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