{"title":"Curvature form of Raychaudhuri equation and its consequences: A geometric approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aop.2024.169818","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper aims at deriving a curvature form of the famous Raychaudhuri equation (RE) and the associated criteria for focusing of a hyper-surface orthogonal congruence of time-like geodesic. Moreover, the paper identifies a transformation of variable related to the metric scalar of the hyper-surface which converts the first order RE into a second order differential equation that resembles an equation of a Harmonic oscillator and also gives a first integral that yields the analytic solution of the RE and Lagrangian of the dynamical system representing the congruence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8249,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Physics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003491624002252","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The paper aims at deriving a curvature form of the famous Raychaudhuri equation (RE) and the associated criteria for focusing of a hyper-surface orthogonal congruence of time-like geodesic. Moreover, the paper identifies a transformation of variable related to the metric scalar of the hyper-surface which converts the first order RE into a second order differential equation that resembles an equation of a Harmonic oscillator and also gives a first integral that yields the analytic solution of the RE and Lagrangian of the dynamical system representing the congruence.
本文旨在推导著名的雷乔杜里方程（Raychaudhuri equation，RE）的曲率形式，以及类时间测地线的超曲面正交全等聚焦的相关标准。此外，论文还确定了一种与超曲面度量标量相关的变量变换，它将一阶 RE 转换为类似谐振子方程的二阶微分方程，并给出了一阶积分，从而得到 RE 的解析解和代表全等的动力学系统的拉格朗日。
期刊介绍：
Annals of Physics presents original work in all areas of basic theoretic physics research. Ideas are developed and fully explored, and thorough treatment is given to first principles and ultimate applications. Annals of Physics emphasizes clarity and intelligibility in the articles it publishes, thus making them as accessible as possible. Readers familiar with recent developments in the field are provided with sufficient detail and background to follow the arguments and understand their significance.
The Editors of the journal cover all fields of theoretical physics. Articles published in the journal are typically longer than 20 pages.
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