Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2025.170316
L.C.N. Santos , H. Aounallah , L.G. Barbosa
In this work, we investigate the behavior of scalar bosons governed by the Klein–Gordon equation in a spacetime modified by both a cosmic string and a global monopole, under the framework of gravity’s rainbow. Two interaction types are considered: a Klein–Gordon oscillator and a Coulomb-like potential. The presence of topological defects introduces effective angular momentum modifications, while the rainbow functions and incorporate an energy dependence into the spacetime geometry. Analytical and numerical solutions are obtained for the bound states, and the resulting energy spectra are analyzed for different choices of rainbow functions. The results demonstrate that both the topological parameters , and the rainbow parameter significantly influence the energy levels, introducing shifts and asymmetries that are sensitive to the functional form of the rainbow modifications.
{"title":"Scalar bosons in the context of gravity’s rainbow in the double defect spacetime","authors":"L.C.N. Santos , H. Aounallah , L.G. Barbosa","doi":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we investigate the behavior of scalar bosons governed by the Klein–Gordon equation in a spacetime modified by both a cosmic string and a global monopole, under the framework of gravity’s rainbow. Two interaction types are considered: a Klein–Gordon oscillator and a Coulomb-like potential. The presence of topological defects introduces effective angular momentum modifications, while the rainbow functions <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>g</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> incorporate an energy dependence into the spacetime geometry. Analytical and numerical solutions are obtained for the bound states, and the resulting energy spectra are analyzed for different choices of rainbow functions. The results demonstrate that both the topological parameters <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>, <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> and the rainbow parameter <span><math><mi>ξ</mi></math></span> significantly influence the energy levels, introducing shifts and asymmetries that are sensitive to the functional form of the rainbow modifications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8249,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physics","volume":"485 ","pages":"Article 170316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2025.170320
Adnan Malik , Aimen Rauf , P.K. Sahoo , Wenbin Lin , Fatemah Mofarreh
This study investigates cosmological dynamics in modified gravity, where spacetime geometry is governed by the non-metricity scalar . Using Friedmann–Robertson–Walker spacetime, we derive exact cosmological solutions for six distinct epochs: dark energy-dominated, dust-dominated, sub-relativistic, radiation-dominated, ultra-relativistic, and stiff fluid phases. Employing a power-law approach, we analyze the universe’s evolutionary dynamics, identifying parameter ranges that satisfy energy conditions for viable bouncing cosmologies. We further examine three specific bouncing scenarios — symmetric bounce, superbounce, and oscillatory cosmology — within the framework, assessing their mathematical consistency and physical implications. Our results demonstrate how gravity can simultaneously address singularity avoidance, describe multi-phase cosmic evolution, and provide alternatives to standard cosmological paradigms while maintaining fundamental energy conditions. The findings highlight the theory’s potential to unify diverse cosmological phenomena through geometric modifications of gravity.
{"title":"Dark energy cosmological solutions in f(Q) modified gravity","authors":"Adnan Malik , Aimen Rauf , P.K. Sahoo , Wenbin Lin , Fatemah Mofarreh","doi":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates cosmological dynamics in modified <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> gravity, where spacetime geometry is governed by the non-metricity scalar <span><math><mi>Q</mi></math></span>. Using Friedmann–Robertson–Walker spacetime, we derive exact cosmological solutions for six distinct epochs: dark energy-dominated, dust-dominated, sub-relativistic, radiation-dominated, ultra-relativistic, and stiff fluid phases. Employing a power-law approach, we analyze the universe’s evolutionary dynamics, identifying parameter ranges that satisfy energy conditions for viable bouncing cosmologies. We further examine three specific bouncing scenarios — symmetric bounce, superbounce, and oscillatory cosmology — within the <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> framework, assessing their mathematical consistency and physical implications. Our results demonstrate how <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> gravity can simultaneously address singularity avoidance, describe multi-phase cosmic evolution, and provide alternatives to standard cosmological paradigms while maintaining fundamental energy conditions. The findings highlight the theory’s potential to unify diverse cosmological phenomena through geometric modifications of gravity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8249,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physics","volume":"485 ","pages":"Article 170320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2025.170314
Samuel Fedida
We investigate a generalisation to Lüders’ rule à la Aharonov–Albert in those globally hyperbolic spacetimes which allow unitarily equivalent Hilbert spaces to be defined along Cauchy hypersurfaces, thus relying on the existence of an interaction picture à la Tomonaga–Schwinger. We show that under this rule and under the additional assumptions of the integrability and unitarity of the Tomonaga–Schwinger dynamics and the foliation-independence of rays on acausal Cauchy hypersurfaces, selective quantum measurements satisfy a state-independent anyonic commutation relation over spacelike-separated precompact regions. We highlight that this propagates to positive operator-valued measures, where the commutation is necessarily bosonic. In the instantaneous-measurement idealisation, this implies quantum no-signalling for non-selective measurements. We then examine Sorkin’s impossible measurements and show that immediate contradictions can be averted as long as collapse-inducing measurements are irreversible. These results reaffirm the consistency of the Tomonaga–Schwinger picture of relativistic quantum theory, for which unitarity, integrability and foliation-independence of the states exclude superluminal signalling despite the “instantaneity” of a side-cone measurement collapse rule. We finish by discussing the possibility of extending such results beyond the interaction picture.
{"title":"Einstein causality of quantum measurements in the Tomonaga–Schwinger picture","authors":"Samuel Fedida","doi":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate a generalisation to Lüders’ rule à la Aharonov–Albert in those globally hyperbolic spacetimes which allow unitarily equivalent Hilbert spaces to be defined along Cauchy hypersurfaces, thus relying on the existence of an interaction picture à la Tomonaga–Schwinger. We show that under this rule and under the additional assumptions of the integrability and unitarity of the Tomonaga–Schwinger dynamics and the foliation-independence of rays on acausal Cauchy hypersurfaces, selective quantum measurements satisfy a state-independent anyonic commutation relation over spacelike-separated precompact regions. We highlight that this propagates to positive operator-valued measures, where the commutation is necessarily bosonic. In the instantaneous-measurement idealisation, this implies quantum no-signalling for non-selective measurements. We then examine Sorkin’s impossible measurements and show that immediate contradictions can be averted as long as collapse-inducing measurements are irreversible. These results reaffirm the consistency of the Tomonaga–Schwinger picture of relativistic quantum theory, for which unitarity, integrability and foliation-independence of the states exclude superluminal signalling despite the “instantaneity” of a side-cone measurement collapse rule. We finish by discussing the possibility of extending such results beyond the interaction picture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8249,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physics","volume":"485 ","pages":"Article 170314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2025.170318
Xi Ming , Qing-yu Cai
This work investigates the fundamental connection between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics through the concept of the arrow of time. While the second law of thermodynamics identifies the arrow of time with the monotonic increase of entropy in isolated systems, closed quantum systems evolve unitarily and conserve von Neumann entropy, making the origin of irreversibility less apparent. Here we establish a no-go theorem proving that correlations in unknown states of closed quantum systems cannot be universally removed by any physical operation. This result demonstrates that correlation generation is inherently irreversible, providing a microscopic and universal basis for the arrow of time. In thermodynamic settings, this irreversibility ensures that heat flows spontaneously from hotter to colder subsystems, reproducing the Clausius formulation of the second law. More generally, the irreversible growth of correlations explains entropy increase, the approach to equilibrium, and decoherence as observable manifestations of the same principle. Our findings ground a quantum-mechanical foundation for the second law of thermodynamics and demonstrate the universality of the arrow of time.
{"title":"Bridging quantum mechanics and thermodynamics: Irreversible correlations as the arrow of time","authors":"Xi Ming , Qing-yu Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates the fundamental connection between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics through the concept of the arrow of time. While the second law of thermodynamics identifies the arrow of time with the monotonic increase of entropy in isolated systems, closed quantum systems evolve unitarily and conserve von Neumann entropy, making the origin of irreversibility less apparent. Here we establish a no-go theorem proving that correlations in unknown states of closed quantum systems cannot be universally removed by any physical operation. This result demonstrates that correlation generation is inherently irreversible, providing a microscopic and universal basis for the arrow of time. In thermodynamic settings, this irreversibility ensures that heat flows spontaneously from hotter to colder subsystems, reproducing the Clausius formulation of the second law. More generally, the irreversible growth of correlations explains entropy increase, the approach to equilibrium, and decoherence as observable manifestations of the same principle. Our findings ground a quantum-mechanical foundation for the second law of thermodynamics and demonstrate the universality of the arrow of time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8249,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physics","volume":"485 ","pages":"Article 170318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2025.170292
S. Baid , A. Lahbas , M. Oulne
We extend our previously developed approach combining an energy-dependent Davidson potential with deformation-dependent mass formalism from -unstable to axially symmetric prolate-deformed nuclei within the Bohr Hamiltonian. The model is applied to analyze the collective properties of 62 nuclei (13 actinides and 49 rare earth nuclei). The theoretical framework employs four adjustable parameters that are optimized through least-squares fitting to experimental energy levels. Particular attention is given to the N = 90 isotones (150Nd, 152Sm, 154Gd, and 156Dy), which are considered the best candidates of X(5) critical point symmetry. Our results demonstrate significant improvements over previous approaches, particularly in addressing the overestimation of -band level spacings characteristic of the traditional Davidson potential. Analysis of effective potentials reveals distinctive signatures of criticality through deeper potential wells for 0 states and enhanced separation between the ground and band-head state minima. The model also provides satisfactory predictions for B(E2) transition ratios, though with a tendency to overestimate interband transitions. These results suggest that the combination of energy dependence and deformation-dependent mass offers a more comprehensive framework for describing nuclear collective properties in transitional regions.
{"title":"Vibrational and rotational excited states within a Bohr Hamiltonian with energy-dependent Davidson potential and deformation-dependent mass formalisms","authors":"S. Baid , A. Lahbas , M. Oulne","doi":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We extend our previously developed approach combining an energy-dependent Davidson potential with deformation-dependent mass formalism from <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-unstable to axially symmetric prolate-deformed nuclei within the Bohr Hamiltonian. The model is applied to analyze the collective properties of 62 nuclei (13 actinides and 49 rare earth nuclei). The theoretical framework employs four adjustable parameters that are optimized through least-squares fitting to experimental energy levels. Particular attention is given to the N = 90 isotones (<sup>150</sup>Nd, <sup>152</sup>Sm, <sup>154</sup>Gd, and <sup>156</sup>Dy), which are considered the best candidates of X(5) critical point symmetry. Our results demonstrate significant improvements over previous approaches, particularly in addressing the overestimation of <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>-band level spacings characteristic of the traditional Davidson potential. Analysis of effective potentials reveals distinctive signatures of criticality through deeper potential wells for 0<span><math><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span> states and enhanced separation between the ground and <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> band-head state minima. The model also provides satisfactory predictions for B(E2) transition ratios, though with a tendency to overestimate interband transitions. These results suggest that the combination of energy dependence and deformation-dependent mass offers a more comprehensive framework for describing nuclear collective properties in transitional regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8249,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physics","volume":"485 ","pages":"Article 170292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate the current–voltage characteristics of an extended Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) chain under irradiation by arbitrarily polarized light, demonstrating its potential as a light-controlled rectifier. Irradiation of light induces anisotropy in the system, enabling directional current flow and active control of rectification behavior. Our analysis demonstrates that, under optimized light parameters, the rectification efficiency can exceed 90%. Moreover, the direction of rectification – whether positive or negative – can be precisely controlled by varying the polarization of the light, highlighting the potential for external optical control of electronic behavior. The effect of light irradiation is incorporated using the Floquet–Bloch ansatz combined with the minimal coupling scheme, while charge transport is computed through the nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism within the Landauer–Büttiker framework.
我们研究了任意偏振光照射下延伸的Su-Schrieffer-Heeger （SSH）链的电流-电压特性，证明了它作为光控整流器的潜力。光的照射引起系统的各向异性，使定向电流流动和整流行为的主动控制成为可能。我们的分析表明，在优化的光参数下，整流效率可以超过90%。此外，整流方向——无论是正的还是负的——可以通过改变光的偏振来精确控制，突出了外部光学控制电子行为的潜力。光照射的影响采用Floquet-Bloch ansatz结合最小耦合方案，而电荷输运则通过landauer - b ttiker框架内的非平衡格林函数形式计算。
{"title":"Photo-induced directional transport in extended SSH chains","authors":"Usham Harish Kumar Singha , Kallol Mondal , Sudin Ganguly , Santanu K. Maiti","doi":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the current–voltage characteristics of an extended Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) chain under irradiation by arbitrarily polarized light, demonstrating its potential as a light-controlled rectifier. Irradiation of light induces anisotropy in the system, enabling directional current flow and active control of rectification behavior. Our analysis demonstrates that, under optimized light parameters, the rectification efficiency can exceed 90%. Moreover, the direction of rectification – whether positive or negative – can be precisely controlled by varying the polarization of the light, highlighting the potential for external optical control of electronic behavior. The effect of light irradiation is incorporated using the Floquet–Bloch ansatz combined with the minimal coupling scheme, while charge transport is computed through the nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism within the Landauer–Büttiker framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8249,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physics","volume":"485 ","pages":"Article 170317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate the Galileon scalar field model by considering the lowest order Galileon term in the Lagrangian, through the introduction of a field potential. We explore the late-time cosmological development of light mass Galileon utilizing two different forms for , specifically the double exponential and Quintessence-Driven Slow-Contraction CDM potentials. We identify the critical points and assess their stability for these models. Our findings indicate that the light mass Galileon with double exponential potential facilitates the attainment of a stable attractor solution, while a stable solution is unattainable in the scenario of light mass Galileon with Quintessence-Driven Slow-Contraction CDM potential. Furthermore, in the former case, we derive a phase portrait in which all trajectories converge towards the stable attractor point.
{"title":"Light mass Galileon: Phase space analysis and its late time cosmic relevance","authors":"Yerlan Myrzakulov , Mohd Shahalam , Shynaray Myrzakul , Koblandy Yerzhanov","doi":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the Galileon scalar field model by considering the lowest order Galileon term in the Lagrangian, <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>∂</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>□</mo><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow></math></span> through the introduction of a field potential. We explore the late-time cosmological development of light mass Galileon utilizing two different forms for <span><math><mrow><mi>V</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, specifically the double exponential and Quintessence-Driven Slow-Contraction CDM potentials. We identify the critical points and assess their stability for these models. Our findings indicate that the light mass Galileon with double exponential potential facilitates the attainment of a stable attractor solution, while a stable solution is unattainable in the scenario of light mass Galileon with Quintessence-Driven Slow-Contraction CDM potential. Furthermore, in the former case, we derive a phase portrait in which all trajectories converge towards the stable attractor point.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8249,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physics","volume":"485 ","pages":"Article 170315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2025.170303
Sergiu I. Vacaru
Modified gravity theories (MGTs) have long been studied as alternatives to general relativity (GR) and the standard CDM cosmological model. For example, exponential models often yield better fits to observational data, suggesting that CDM may be inadequate. In this work, we argue that the gravitational and accelerating cosmology paradigm can remain close to GR and CDM if one considers broader classes of off-diagonal cosmological solutions of the Einstein equations. These solutions are constructed using the anholonomic frame and connection deformation method (AFCDM), which enables the decoupling and integration of nonlinear systems in nonholonomic dyadic variables with connection distortions. The resulting off-diagonal Einstein manifolds and cosmological models are characterized by nonholonomic constraints, nonlinear symmetries, and effective cosmological constants. Such structures allow one to approximate cosmological effects, mimic features of MGTs, and describe gravitational polarization, local anisotropies, and dark energy and dark matter phenomena within GR. We further show that these models can be endowed with relativistic versions of Perelman’s thermodynamic variables for geometric flows, which we compute in general form for accelerating cosmology.
{"title":"Off-diagonal solutions in Einstein gravity modeling f(R) gravity and dynamical dark energy vs ΛCDM cosmology","authors":"Sergiu I. Vacaru","doi":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modified gravity theories (MGTs) have long been studied as alternatives to general relativity (GR) and the standard <span><math><mi>Λ</mi></math></span>CDM cosmological model. For example, exponential <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> models often yield better fits to observational data, suggesting that <span><math><mi>Λ</mi></math></span>CDM may be inadequate. In this work, we argue that the gravitational and accelerating cosmology paradigm can remain close to GR and <span><math><mi>Λ</mi></math></span>CDM if one considers broader classes of off-diagonal cosmological solutions of the Einstein equations. These solutions are constructed using the anholonomic frame and connection deformation method (AFCDM), which enables the decoupling and integration of nonlinear systems in nonholonomic dyadic variables with connection distortions. The resulting off-diagonal Einstein manifolds and cosmological models are characterized by nonholonomic constraints, nonlinear symmetries, and effective cosmological constants. Such structures allow one to approximate cosmological effects, mimic features of MGTs, and describe gravitational polarization, local anisotropies, and dark energy and dark matter phenomena within GR. We further show that these models can be endowed with relativistic versions of Perelman’s thermodynamic variables for geometric flows, which we compute in general form for accelerating cosmology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8249,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physics","volume":"485 ","pages":"Article 170303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2025.170313
Farhang Loran , Ali Mostafazadeh
Stationary potential scattering admits a formulation in terms of the quantum dynamics generated by a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian. We use this formulation to give a proof of the reciprocity theorem in two and three dimensions that does not rely on the properties of the scattering operator, Green’s functions, or Green’s identities. In particular, we identify reciprocity with an operator identity satisfied by an integral operator , called the fundamental transfer matrix. This is a multi-dimensional generalization of the transfer matrix of potential scattering in one dimension that stores the information about the scattering amplitude of the potential. We use the property of that is responsible for reciprocity to identify the analog of the relation, , in two and three dimensions, and establish a generic anti-pseudo-Hermiticity of the scattering operator. Our results apply for both real and complex potentials.
{"title":"Reciprocity theorem and fundamental transfer matrix","authors":"Farhang Loran , Ali Mostafazadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stationary potential scattering admits a formulation in terms of the quantum dynamics generated by a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian. We use this formulation to give a proof of the reciprocity theorem in two and three dimensions that does not rely on the properties of the scattering operator, Green’s functions, or Green’s identities. In particular, we identify reciprocity with an operator identity satisfied by an integral operator <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̂</mo></mrow></mover></math></span>, called the fundamental transfer matrix. This is a multi-dimensional generalization of the transfer matrix <span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span> of potential scattering in one dimension that stores the information about the scattering amplitude of the potential. We use the property of <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̂</mo></mrow></mover></math></span> that is responsible for reciprocity to identify the analog of the relation, <span><math><mrow><mo>det</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>, in two and three dimensions, and establish a generic anti-pseudo-Hermiticity of the scattering operator. Our results apply for both real and complex potentials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8249,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physics","volume":"485 ","pages":"Article 170313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2025.170301
Rui Zhu
The pseudospin-3/2 Dirac–Weyl system is the kind of system bearing the quasiparticle band structure of two cones with different apex angles and their reversed replica touching at the apex, whose properties can be described by the pseudospin-3/2 Dirac equation. In this work, we analytically solved the pseudospin-3/2 Dirac equation and investigated the electronic transport properties in the double-barrier modulated two-dimensional system. The probability current density operator is explicitly derived from the time-dependent pseudospin-3/2 Dirac equation, which paves way for investigation of the electronic transport properties of general pseudospin- Dirac–Weyl systems with an integer or half integer larger than 1. As a result of the double-cone band structure, the pseudospin-3/2 system has two incident channels for a single incident energy and incident angle pair. Similar to its counterparts of pseudospin-1/2 and pseudospin-1 Dirac–Weyl systems, the Klein tunneling and resonant tunneling effects in the transmission probability are numerically observed for incidence coming from both Dirac cones in the double-barrier-modulated pseudospin-3/2 system. In contrast to its pseudospin-1/2 and -1 counterparts, the Klein tunneling and resonant tunneling effects are differentiated into double-channel and single-channel incidences, corresponding to different regimes in the - dispersion plane. Without a flat band, the super Klein tunneling effect of the pseudospin-1 Dirac–Weyl system does not occur in the pseudospin-3/2 system. Using the numerically obtained probability current density, the zero-temperature conductivity, shot noise, and Fano factor are calculated. As a combined result of double-channel incidence, Klein tunneling, and resonant tunneling, in comparison with its pseudospin-1/2 (graphene) and pseudospin-1 counterparts, the conductivity and shot noise in the pseudospin-3/2 double-barrier structure is enhanced. A Fano factor between 0.4 and 0.5 close to the Dirac point is observed.
{"title":"Transport properties of the pseudospin-3/2 Dirac–Weyl fermions in the double-barrier-modulated two-dimensional system","authors":"Rui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aop.2025.170301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pseudospin-3/2 Dirac–Weyl system is the kind of system bearing the quasiparticle band structure of two cones with different apex angles and their reversed replica touching at the apex, whose properties can be described by the pseudospin-3/2 Dirac equation. In this work, we analytically solved the pseudospin-3/2 Dirac equation and investigated the electronic transport properties in the double-barrier modulated two-dimensional system. The probability current density operator is explicitly derived from the time-dependent pseudospin-3/2 Dirac equation, which paves way for investigation of the electronic transport properties of general pseudospin-<span><math><mi>s</mi></math></span> Dirac–Weyl systems with <span><math><mi>s</mi></math></span> an integer or half integer larger than 1. As a result of the double-cone band structure, the pseudospin-3/2 system has two incident channels for a single incident energy and incident angle pair. Similar to its counterparts of pseudospin-1/2 and pseudospin-1 Dirac–Weyl systems, the Klein tunneling and resonant tunneling effects in the transmission probability are numerically observed for incidence coming from both Dirac cones in the double-barrier-modulated pseudospin-3/2 system. In contrast to its pseudospin-1/2 and -1 counterparts, the Klein tunneling and resonant tunneling effects are differentiated into double-channel and single-channel incidences, corresponding to different regimes in the <span><math><mi>E</mi></math></span>-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> dispersion plane. Without a flat band, the super Klein tunneling effect of the pseudospin-1 Dirac–Weyl system does not occur in the pseudospin-3/2 system. Using the numerically obtained probability current density, the zero-temperature conductivity, shot noise, and Fano factor are calculated. As a combined result of double-channel incidence, Klein tunneling, and resonant tunneling, in comparison with its pseudospin-1/2 (graphene) and pseudospin-1 counterparts, the conductivity and shot noise in the pseudospin-3/2 double-barrier structure is enhanced. A Fano factor between 0.4 and 0.5 close to the Dirac point <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> is observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8249,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Physics","volume":"485 ","pages":"Article 170301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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