Insights from volumetric, acoustic, conductance and spectroscopic studies to study the molecular interactions of drug Levocetirizine in aqueous and aqueous glucose solutions at varying temperatures

Abstract

Levocetirizine, an antihistamine, has been analyzed in relation to temperature by volumetric, acoustic, and spectroscopic methods to investigate its interaction with glucose, the predominant carbohydrate. Density and ultrasonic velocity for LC (0–0.10 mol dm⁻³) at different temperature (298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K) in water and in aqueous solution of glucose (0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mol kg⁻¹) have been recorded using Anton Paar DSA 5000 M. The apparent molar volume ($V_{\varphi })$, limiting apparent molar volume ($V_{\varphi }^0),$ apparent molar compressibility ${(K}_{\varphi ,S})$, limiting apparent molar compressibility ($K_{\varphi ,S}^0)$ were computed utilizing the experimental data. In addition, the transfer parameters of LC from water to aqueous glucose solutions were identified and elucidated using the co-sphere model. The transfer volumes have been utilized to estimate the interaction coefficients. Limiting apparent molar expansibility (${\varphi }_E^0)$ and Hepler’s constant was obtained to throw light upon the structure-making or structure-breaking effect of solute. Multiple acoustical parameters like isentropic compressibility ($K_S$), relaxation strength (r), intermolecular free length ($L_f$), specific acoustic impedance (Z), Wada’s constant (W), relative association ($R_A$), Rao’s constant ($R_m$), molar volume ($V_m$), Van der Waals constant (b), and free volume ($V_f$) were determined to validate the thermodynamic results.