Results in Chemistry最新文献

Assessment of radon gas level in underground stations of Tehran-Karaj plain in Iran 伊朗德黑兰-卡拉季平原地下车站氡气含量评估

IF 2.5 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102195

Abdollah Khorshidi

The gas radon is one of the most significant elements released when natural uranium and radium decay. The accumulation of gas concentration may be higher in enclosed locations with inadequate and poor air conditioning, especially in underground spaces with special geological structures, and it is vital to measure the amount of radon gas level in dense underground stations. In this experiment, a domestically manufactured environmental radon gas measuring device – electret ionization chamber detector – was utilized to degree the concentration in various underground of Tehran-Karaj plain. During the spring season, all 42 underground stations of Tehran and Karaj cities were measured on different days with a two-day exposure time. The trace of radon gas was observed in all undergrounds, but unfortunately, high radon concentrations were recorded in some locations, such as Ghaem and Tajrish undergrounds in the northern plain by virtue of fault type, water resources, and discrete geological constructions. Based on the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard, the maximum allowable concentration of radon gas in the air is 148 Bq/m³, while the overall average quantity at Tajrish station was 156 ± 11 Bq/m³. This amount is above the permissible limit and therefore can be considered a health hazard. The Azadi-Square underground of Line 4 in the center of Tehran also had a near-high concentration of radon because the bedrock was mainly composed of calcite. Accordingly, measures to improve ventilation and facilitate air movement are required in such undergrounds. Where the measurements have been done, this process also needs to be repeated for other seasons due to differences in temperature, humidity, groundwater flow rate and proximity of stations to the faults.

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引用次数: 0

One-pot synthesis and biological evaluation of N-fused imidazoles as antibacterial agents and bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors

IF 2.5 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102191

Eleanor P. Bentley , Oriole W. Song , Ira Glassman , Leepakshi Johar , Cheldon A. Alcantara , Veronica L. Show , Adam R. Johnson , Hendrik Szurmant , David A. Vosburg

A series of N-fused imidazoles related to known inhibitors of human topoisomerase IIα were rapidly synthesized by a multicomponent GBB reaction under environmentally friendly conditions with microwave heating. Two of the compounds synthesized exhibited bacteriostatic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other gram-positive bacteria, but none showed significant inhibition of bacterial topoisomerase.

在微波加热的环境友好条件下，通过多组分 GBB 反应快速合成了一系列与已知人类拓扑异构酶 IIα 抑制剂相关的 N-融合咪唑类化合物。合成的化合物中有两种对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和其他革兰氏阳性菌具有抑菌活性，但没有一种对细菌拓扑异构酶有明显的抑制作用。

引用次数: 0

An overview of the synthesis of coumarins via Knoevenagel condensation and their biological properties

IF 2.5 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102181

Idriss Tchoffo Tchoupou , Melody H. Manyeruke , Sodeeq A. Salami , Charles I. Ezekiel , Pantaleon Ambassa , Jacqueline V. Tembu , Rui W.M. Krause , Bathelemy Ngameni , Xavier Siwe Noundou

Coumarins and their derivatives have generated intensive scientific studies worldwide. Coumarins are an important type of naturally occurring and synthetically produced oxygen-containing heterocycles with vast medicinal properties, such as antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and antibacterial. Various hybrids derived from this family have been employed in the treatment of a variety of medical conditions. Their structural properties significantly impact their biological function and potential applications. Furthermore, many coumarin synthesis procedures are always associated with toxic and corrosive catalysts, longer reaction time, poor yield, and low purity. For this reason, several initiatives primarily focus on developing new and more practical methods for synthesizing these compounds with the aim of addressing some of the pitfalls of traditional approaches. We have compiled a number of techniques highlighting the latest advances in the synthesis of various coumarin derivatives via Knoevenagel condensation and their biological activities.

{"title":"An overview of the synthesis of coumarins via Knoevenagel condensation and their biological properties","authors":"Idriss Tchoffo Tchoupou , Melody H. Manyeruke , Sodeeq A. Salami , Charles I. Ezekiel , Pantaleon Ambassa , Jacqueline V. Tembu , Rui W.M. Krause , Bathelemy Ngameni , Xavier Siwe Noundou","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coumarins and their derivatives have generated intensive scientific studies worldwide. Coumarins are an important type of naturally occurring and synthetically produced oxygen-containing heterocycles with vast medicinal properties, such as antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and antibacterial. Various hybrids derived from this family have been employed in the treatment of a variety of medical conditions. Their structural properties significantly impact their biological function and potential applications. Furthermore, many coumarin synthesis procedures are always associated with toxic and corrosive catalysts, longer reaction time, poor yield, and low purity. For this reason, several initiatives primarily focus on developing new and more practical methods for synthesizing these compounds with the aim of addressing some of the pitfalls of traditional approaches. We have compiled a number of techniques highlighting the latest advances in the synthesis of various coumarin derivatives <em>via</em> Knoevenagel condensation and their biological activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 102181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aqueous extract phyto-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO-bentonite nanocomposites: Physical analysis and investigation of antibacterial activity

IF 2.5 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102190

Jemal Adem , Enyew Amare Zereffa , Teshome Abdo Segne , H.C. Ananda Murthy , Neeraj Kumar Gupta , Temesgen Achamo Orshiso , C.R. Ravikumar , Dhanalakshmi Muniswamy , V.S. Kotakadi

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and highly drug-resistant (HDR) bacteria are responsible for life-threatening infections, prompting interest in phyto-mediated synthesis and the application of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and their nanocomposites (NCs) for antimicrobial therapy. This study investigated the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and ZnO-activated bentonite nanocomposites (ZnO/A-bentonite NCs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Hagenia abyssinica and optimal calcination temperatures of 500 °C and 650 °C, respectively. Characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the synthesis and structure of the NPs and NCs, revealing average crystallite sizes of 13.5–28.7 and 3.41–22.3 nm, respectively. The NPs exhibited absorption in the UV-A region, while the NCs showed absorption in the UV-B region. Compositing ZnO NPs with A-bentonite reduced their band gap from 3.24 to 3.07 eV. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) of selected ZnO 100 NPs and ZnO/A-bentonite 100 NC showed particles with average sizes of 17.9 and 15.7 nm, respectively. Elemental analysis of purified and A-bentonite revealed an increase in Na₂O content and a decrease in CaO content, indicating Na⁺ ions replaced Ca²⁺ ions. Significant antimicrobial activity was demonstrated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria by the leaf extract, ZnO NPs, A-bentonite, and ZnO/A-bentonite NCs at various concentrations, with NPs and NCs synthesized with excess leaf extract exhibiting superior activity. A selected ZnO/A-bentonite 300 NC demonstrated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 312.5 and 625 μg/mL against E. coli and 156.25 and 312.5 μg/mL against S. aureus, respectively.

{"title":"Aqueous extract phyto-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO-bentonite nanocomposites: Physical analysis and investigation of antibacterial activity","authors":"Jemal Adem , Enyew Amare Zereffa , Teshome Abdo Segne , H.C. Ananda Murthy , Neeraj Kumar Gupta , Temesgen Achamo Orshiso , C.R. Ravikumar , Dhanalakshmi Muniswamy , V.S. Kotakadi","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and highly drug-resistant (HDR) bacteria are responsible for life-threatening infections, prompting interest in phyto-mediated synthesis and the application of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and their nanocomposites (NCs) for antimicrobial therapy. This study investigated the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and ZnO-activated bentonite nanocomposites (ZnO/A-bentonite NCs) using the aqueous leaf extract of <em>Hagenia abyssinica</em> and optimal calcination temperatures of 500 °C and 650 °C, respectively. Characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the synthesis and structure of the NPs and NCs, revealing average crystallite sizes of 13.5–28.7 and 3.41–22.3 nm, respectively. The NPs exhibited absorption in the UV-A region, while the NCs showed absorption in the UV-B region. Compositing ZnO NPs with A-bentonite reduced their band gap from 3.24 to 3.07 eV. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) of selected ZnO 100 NPs and ZnO/A-bentonite 100 NC showed particles with average sizes of 17.9 and 15.7 nm, respectively. Elemental analysis of purified and A-bentonite revealed an increase in Na₂O content and a decrease in CaO content, indicating Na<sup>+</sup> ions replaced Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions. Significant antimicrobial activity was demonstrated against <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) bacteria by the leaf extract, ZnO NPs, A-bentonite, and ZnO/A-bentonite NCs at various concentrations, with NPs and NCs synthesized with excess leaf extract exhibiting superior activity. A selected ZnO/A-bentonite 300 NC demonstrated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 312.5 and 625 μg/mL against <em>E. coli</em> and 156.25 and 312.5 μg/mL against <em>S. aureus</em>, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 102190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Response Surface Optimization of Chromium (IV) Removal with Teff Straw-Based Activated Carbon

IF 2.5 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102168

Sintayehu Shewatatek , Girma Gonfa , Sintayehu Mekuria Hailegiorgis , Belete Tessema

This study examined the use of activated carbon made from teff (Eragrostis tef) straw to adsorptively remove hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from aqueous solution. Activated carbon (TSAC) from teff straw was synthesized using phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) followed by calcination at high temperature. Then, it was characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, BET, and pHpzc analysis. The BET surface area of TSDAC was obtained as 823.63 m²/g. The adsorption parameters used in this study were an activation temperature of 400–600 °C, an impregnation ratio of 1:4–1:6, and an H₃PO₄ concentration of 1–3 M. The adsorption parameters were then optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of Central Composite Design (CCD). Based on the CCD, the quadratic regression model was obtained with an R² of 0.9819. Furthermore, this study examined the relationship between the removal effectiveness and the initial concentration of Cr (VI), contact time, adsorbent dose, and solution of pH. As a result, the optimal parameters of the study were an H₃PO₄ concentration of 3 M, activation temperatures of 502.87 °C, and impregnation ratios of 6 g of H₃PO₄ per 1 g of TS, and the result was 94.21 % of chromium (VI) ion removal. This result was shown as an efficient adsorption of Chromium (VI) ion. Different models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and isotherm models were shown to be appropriate with the adsorption data and suggested that both the monolayer and heterogeneous surface adsorption. The dynamics of the adsorption study were best represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic studies verified that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. Based on the findings in this study, the TSDAC adsorbent synthesis from a raw material of teff straw is promising.

{"title":"Response Surface Optimization of Chromium (IV) Removal with Teff Straw-Based Activated Carbon","authors":"Sintayehu Shewatatek , Girma Gonfa , Sintayehu Mekuria Hailegiorgis , Belete Tessema","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the use of activated carbon made from teff (<em>Eragrostis tef</em>) straw to adsorptively remove hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from aqueous solution. Activated carbon (TSAC) from teff straw was synthesized using phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) followed by calcination at high temperature. Then, it was characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, BET, and pHpzc analysis. The BET surface area of TSDAC was obtained as 823.63 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The adsorption parameters used in this study were an activation temperature of 400–600 °C, an impregnation ratio of 1:4–1:6, and an H₃PO₄ concentration of 1–3 M. The adsorption parameters were then optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of Central Composite Design (CCD). Based on the CCD, the quadratic regression model was obtained with an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.9819. Furthermore, this study examined the relationship between the removal effectiveness and the initial concentration of Cr (VI), contact time, adsorbent dose, and solution of pH. As a result, the optimal parameters of the study were an H₃PO₄ concentration of 3 M, activation temperatures of 502.87 °C, and impregnation ratios of 6 g of H₃PO₄ per 1 g of TS, and the result was 94.21 % of chromium (VI) ion removal. This result was shown as an efficient adsorption of Chromium (VI) ion. Different models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and isotherm models were shown to be appropriate with the adsorption data and suggested that both the monolayer and heterogeneous surface adsorption. The dynamics of the adsorption study were best represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic studies verified that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. Based on the findings in this study, the TSDAC adsorbent synthesis from a raw material of teff straw is promising.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 102168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrochemical analysis of 5-Nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone as a mild steel corrosion inhibitor in corrosive solution: An EIS, adsorption and SEM study

IF 2.5 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102193

Dalia M. Jamil , H.S. Aljibori , Ahmed Alamiery

The results obtained from EIS, weight loss measurements, adsorption isotherms, and SEM were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of NFS as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl. The inhibition efficiency of NFS the electrode reaction was found to increase with NFS concentration up to a maximum value of 0.5 mM with 92.1 % inhibition efficiency, based on mass loss measurements. The findings revealed that the inhibitive performance of the investigated inhibitor was slightly higher at higher temperatures, indicating improved better protection at elevated thermal conditions. Based on the analysis of the adsorption isotherm studies on mild steel, the findings revealed that the adsorption of NFS can be follows the Langmuir isotherm model, although both chemisorption and physisorption mechanisms were observed. Analysis of the surface morphology by SEM also showed a smooth and resistant surface with less corrosion when NFS is present consistent with previous findings of NFS as a corrosion inhibitor. The inhibition mechanism was further explained in more detail and has given a good understanding regarding the behavior of NFS molecules and steel surface. Therefore, the results demonstrated in this work show that NFS has the potential for acting as a protective barrier against the steel corrosion in corrosive solution.

{"title":"Electrochemical analysis of 5-Nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone as a mild steel corrosion inhibitor in corrosive solution: An EIS, adsorption and SEM study","authors":"Dalia M. Jamil , H.S. Aljibori , Ahmed Alamiery","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The results obtained from EIS, weight loss measurements, adsorption isotherms, and SEM were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of NFS as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl. The inhibition efficiency of NFS the electrode reaction was found to increase with NFS concentration up to a maximum value of 0.5 mM with 92.1 % inhibition efficiency, based on mass loss measurements. The findings revealed that the inhibitive performance of the investigated inhibitor was slightly higher at higher temperatures, indicating improved better protection at elevated thermal conditions. Based on the analysis of the adsorption isotherm studies on mild steel, the findings revealed that the adsorption of NFS can be follows the Langmuir isotherm model, although both chemisorption and physisorption mechanisms were observed. Analysis of the surface morphology by SEM also showed a smooth and resistant surface with less corrosion when NFS is present consistent with previous findings of NFS as a corrosion inhibitor. The inhibition mechanism was further explained in more detail and has given a good understanding regarding the behavior of NFS molecules and steel surface. Therefore, the results demonstrated in this work show that NFS has the potential for acting as a protective barrier against the steel corrosion in corrosive solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 102193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of dietary betaine (CH3)3N+CH2CO−2) fortifications on growth performance, carcass traits, and blood biochemistry of broilers under heat stress condition

IF 2.5 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102178

Mohamed I. Elmahdy , Mohamed S. El-Kholy , Samar S. Bassiony , Shaker M. Abolmaaty , Mahmoud M. Azzam , Seham El-Kassas , Mahmoud Alagawany , Antonia Lestingi

Betaine (Trimethylglycine) has been used as a supplement for both animals and plants. The current study examined the potential replacement of antibiotics in broilers diet with safe alternatives. Accordingly, different levels of betaine (0, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 g/kg diet) were supplemented to the basal diet compared with the antibiotic growth promoter (oxytetracycline) at 0.50 g/kg diet and randomly distributed in a completely randomized design with 5 groups and 5 replicates per group (n = 10 birds/replicate). The experiment lasted for 35 days with ad libitum access to feed and water and Ross-308 broilers raised under heat stress condition. Different levels of betaine supplementation, particularly the 2.5 g betaine/ kg of diet improved growth performance of broilers exposed to prolonged high temperatures (P < 0.05). Moreover, presence of betaine in broilers diet alleviated the negative impacts of high temperatures in summer by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities with a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation. Betaine caused increases in immunoglobulins levels especially IgM which was associated with marked increases in bursa relative weights in broilers supplemented with 2.5 g betaine/kg diet. The different levels of betaine resulted in a healthier lipid profile by reducing the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). In conclusion, betaine dietary fortification, particularly at 2.5 g/kg diet could be an effective alternative to antibiotics in broilers' diets.

{"title":"Effect of dietary betaine (CH3)3N+CH2CO−2) fortifications on growth performance, carcass traits, and blood biochemistry of broilers under heat stress condition","authors":"Mohamed I. Elmahdy , Mohamed S. El-Kholy , Samar S. Bassiony , Shaker M. Abolmaaty , Mahmoud M. Azzam , Seham El-Kassas , Mahmoud Alagawany , Antonia Lestingi","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Betaine (Trimethylglycine) has been used as a supplement for both animals and plants. The current study examined the potential replacement of antibiotics in broilers diet with safe alternatives. Accordingly, different levels of betaine (0, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 g/kg diet) were supplemented to the basal diet compared with the antibiotic growth promoter (oxytetracycline) at 0.50 g/kg diet and randomly distributed in a completely randomized design with 5 groups and 5 replicates per group (<em>n</em> = 10 birds/replicate). The experiment lasted for 35 days with ad libitum access to feed and water and Ross-308 broilers raised under heat stress condition. Different levels of betaine supplementation, particularly the 2.5 g betaine/ kg of diet improved growth performance of broilers exposed to prolonged high temperatures (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Moreover, presence of betaine in broilers diet alleviated the negative impacts of high temperatures in summer by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities with a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation. Betaine caused increases in immunoglobulins levels especially IgM which was associated with marked increases in bursa relative weights in broilers supplemented with 2.5 g betaine/kg diet. The different levels of betaine resulted in a healthier lipid profile by reducing the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). In conclusion, betaine dietary fortification, particularly at 2.5 g/kg diet could be an effective alternative to antibiotics in broilers' diets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 102178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An efficient green synthesis of ag/Fe2O3 nanocomposite using Carica Papaya peel extract for enhanced photocatalytic, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities

IF 2.5 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102184

Tahir Hamza Endres, Ahmed Awol Yimer, Tamene Tadesse Beyene, Guta Gonfa Muleta

Dye waste pollution poses a significant threat to human health and the environment. Photocatalysis can be used to degrade dyes in industrial wastes. This study aims to synthesize nanocrystals of Fe₂O₃ and Ag-doped Fe₂O₃ using Carica papaya linn peel extract as a reducing agent and ferric chloride hexahydrate and silver nitrate as precursors. The synthesized nanocrystals were investigated using UV–Vis, XRD, FT-IR, and SEM to confirm band shifts, crystallinity, functional groups, and morphological improvements. As a result, pure Fe₂O₃-NPs shifted their absorption band from 296 to 347 nm after incorporating Ag. In addition to the band shift, the energy bandgap was reduced from 3.34 to 2.91 eV as a result of the band shift. Based on the XRD patterns, Fe₂O₃-NPs have an average crystalline size of 26.72 nm, while Ag/Fe₂O₃ NCs have an average crystalline size of 29.17 nm. A highly enhanced photocatalytic performance was achieved with pristine Fe₂O₃-NPs due to Ag integration, and MB dye degradation was increased to 92.97 % from 72 %. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were killed by Ag/Fe₂O₃-NCs. The zone of inhibition for Ag/Fe₂O₃-NCs against B. cereus, S. aureus, S. typhi, and E. coli was estimated to be 19.5 mm, 19 mm, 18 mm, and 16.2 mm, respectively. Moreover, the nanomaterials' antioxidant activities were evaluated using a DPPH scavenging assay, with the IC50 values for the antioxidant activity of Ag/Fe₂O₃-NCs calculated to be 15.38 μg/mL. Based on these results, Ag/Fe₂O₃-NCs could be used as a useful photocatalyst for water treatment, pathogenic disinfection, and antioxidant tools.

{"title":"An efficient green synthesis of ag/Fe2O3 nanocomposite using Carica Papaya peel extract for enhanced photocatalytic, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities","authors":"Tahir Hamza Endres, Ahmed Awol Yimer, Tamene Tadesse Beyene, Guta Gonfa Muleta","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dye waste pollution poses a significant threat to human health and the environment. Photocatalysis can be used to degrade dyes in industrial wastes. This study aims to synthesize nanocrystals of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Ag-doped Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> using <em>Carica papaya</em> linn peel extract as a reducing agent and ferric chloride hexahydrate and silver nitrate as precursors. The synthesized nanocrystals were investigated using UV–Vis, XRD, FT-IR, and SEM to confirm band shifts, crystallinity, functional groups, and morphological improvements. As a result, pure Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs shifted their absorption band from 296 to 347 nm after incorporating Ag. In addition to the band shift, the energy bandgap was reduced from 3.34 to 2.91 eV as a result of the band shift. Based on the XRD patterns, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs have an average crystalline size of 26.72 nm, while Ag/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NCs have an average crystalline size of 29.17 nm. A highly enhanced photocatalytic performance was achieved with pristine Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs due to Ag integration, and MB dye degradation was increased to 92.97 % from 72 %. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were killed by Ag/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NCs. The zone of inhibition for Ag/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NCs against <em>B. cereus</em>, <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>S. typhi</em>, and <em>E. coli</em> was estimated to be 19.5 mm, 19 mm, 18 mm, and 16.2 mm, respectively. Moreover, the nanomaterials' antioxidant activities were evaluated using a DPPH scavenging assay, with the IC50 values for the antioxidant activity of Ag/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NCs calculated to be 15.38 μg/mL. Based on these results, Ag/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NCs could be used as a useful photocatalyst for water treatment, pathogenic disinfection, and antioxidant tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 102184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A two stage approach to antibacterial activity of wastewater using annealed Zn0.5Mn0.5O nano-composites

IF 2.5 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102192

M. Yasir Ali , S. Younus , N. Amin , Adnan Ali , Muhammad Isram , S. Ikram , K. Mahmood , M. Junaid Dilshad

In this manuscript, Zn_0.5Mn_0.5O nano-particles were used to treat the water of Faisalabad wastewater treatment facility using double approach, i.e. making composite with Mn metal and post growth annealing technique. Zn_0.5Mn_0.5O were synthesized using the hydrothermal method and post growth annealed at temperatures ranging from 150 to 650 °C. After the structural and bonding verification by XRD and Raman measurements, the grown samples were used to treat the wastewater. A 50 mg of Zn_0.5Mn_0.5O powder was mixed with 10 ml of wastewater and a drop of mixture was spread over LB agar plates for the plate count method to measure colony forming units (CFU) of samples. It was observed that wastewater solution containing Zn_0.5Mn_0.5O powder, which was annealed at 150 °C contained only few bacteria. But the solutions having high temperature annealed Zn_0.5Mn_0.5O nano-composites showing large colonies of pathogens. To confirm this behavior, we have also used the disc diffusion method. It was again found that Zn_0.5Mn_0.5O nano-composite annealed at 150 °C possessed the large inhabitant bacteria zone as compared to other samples. Most of the pathogens were found killed by making composition and remaining were killed by annealing process. It was also found that the anti-bacterial activity was found to be decreased with increasing annealing temperature because of occupation of oxygen vacancies, which resulted in the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

{"title":"A two stage approach to antibacterial activity of wastewater using annealed Zn0.5Mn0.5O nano-composites","authors":"M. Yasir Ali , S. Younus , N. Amin , Adnan Ali , Muhammad Isram , S. Ikram , K. Mahmood , M. Junaid Dilshad","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this manuscript, Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>O nano-particles were used to treat the water of Faisalabad wastewater treatment facility using double approach, i.e. making composite with Mn metal and post growth annealing technique. Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>O were synthesized using the hydrothermal method and post growth annealed at temperatures ranging from 150 to 650 °C. After the structural and bonding verification by XRD and Raman measurements, the grown samples were used to treat the wastewater. A 50 mg of Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>O powder was mixed with 10 ml of wastewater and a drop of mixture was spread over LB agar plates for the plate count method to measure colony forming units (CFU) of samples. It was observed that wastewater solution containing Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>O powder, which was annealed at 150 °C contained only few bacteria. But the solutions having high temperature annealed Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>O nano-composites showing large colonies of pathogens. To confirm this behavior, we have also used the disc diffusion method. It was again found that Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>O nano-composite annealed at 150 °C possessed the large inhabitant bacteria zone as compared to other samples. Most of the pathogens were found killed by making composition and remaining were killed by annealing process. It was also found that the anti-bacterial activity was found to be decreased with increasing annealing temperature because of occupation of oxygen vacancies, which resulted in the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 102192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organic formazan-based corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic medium: A synergistic experimental and theoretical study

IF 2.5 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102160

Luay Ali Khaleel, Oraas Adnan Hatem, Duhak Ahmed Alwan

This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and corrosion inhibition potential of a novel formazan derivative derived from a Schiff base precursor, offering a promising approach for carbon steel protection in acidic environments. The Schiff base was synthesized via the reaction of 4-aminoantipyrine with 4-(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde, followed by the generation of the formazan derivative through diazo coupling with a diazonium salt, prepared from 1-amino-2-hydroxy-4-naphthalene sulfonic acid in an acidic medium HCl, (0–5)°C. Structural characterization was conducted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR) to confirm the successful formation of the target compound.

The corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE%) of the synthesized formazan derivative was systematically evaluated on carbon steel in 1 M HCl at varying concentrations (5 × 10⁻⁵ M to 1 × 10⁻² M) and temperatures (20 °C to 50 °C). The inhibitor demonstrated a remarkable efficiency increase from 53.6 % at 5 × 10⁻⁵ M to 91.5 % at 1 × 10⁻² M at 20 °C, with electrochemical analyses confirming its mixed-type inhibition behavior, affecting both anodic and cathodic reactions.

To gain deeper molecular insights, quantum chemical calculations (PM3 method) were employed, revealing that protonation of the formazan derivative significantly modulates its electronic properties, reducing the energy gap and chemical hardness while enhancing chemical softness and electrophilicity. These findings suggest that the protonated form exhibits superior charge transfer capabilities, facilitating strong interactions with the carbon steel surface and contributing to its inhibition efficiency.

{"title":"Organic formazan-based corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic medium: A synergistic experimental and theoretical study","authors":"Luay Ali Khaleel, Oraas Adnan Hatem, Duhak Ahmed Alwan","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and corrosion inhibition potential of a novel formazan derivative derived from a Schiff base precursor, offering a promising approach for carbon steel protection in acidic environments. The Schiff base was synthesized via the reaction of 4-aminoantipyrine with 4-(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde, followed by the generation of the formazan derivative through diazo coupling with a diazonium salt, prepared from 1-amino-2-hydroxy-4-naphthalene sulfonic acid in an acidic medium HCl, (0–5)°C. Structural characterization was conducted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR), and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>13</sup>C NMR) to confirm the successful formation of the target compound.</div><div>The corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE%) of the synthesized formazan derivative was systematically evaluated on carbon steel in 1 M HCl at varying concentrations (5 × 10<sup>−5</sup> M to 1 × 10<sup>−2</sup> M) and temperatures (20 °C to 50 °C). The inhibitor demonstrated a remarkable efficiency increase from 53.6 % at 5 × 10<sup>−5</sup> M to 91.5 % at 1 × 10<sup>−2</sup> M at 20 °C, with electrochemical analyses confirming its mixed-type inhibition behavior, affecting both anodic and cathodic reactions.</div><div>To gain deeper molecular insights, quantum chemical calculations (PM3 method) were employed, revealing that protonation of the formazan derivative significantly modulates its electronic properties, reducing the energy gap and chemical hardness while enhancing chemical softness and electrophilicity. These findings suggest that the protonated form exhibits superior charge transfer capabilities, facilitating strong interactions with the carbon steel surface and contributing to its inhibition efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 102160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0