Enforcing the antioxidant properties of blackberries against breast cancer by activating different cell signaling mechanisms: An updated review

Abstract

Blackberries are rich in antioxidants, such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which scavenge free radicals and prevent oxidative stress, which has been connected to the development of cancer. According to research, these compounds contain anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties that stop cancer cells from spreading and promote apoptosis, the body's normal process of scheduled cell death. More precisely, these antioxidants have demonstrated inhibitory effects on estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells, the most prevalent kind of breast cancer. Antioxidants found in blackberries may be able to regulate signaling pathways connected to the development and metastasis of cancer cells, potentially acting as a preventative intervention against the progression of breast cancer. These antioxidants also strengthen the immune system's ability to identify and eliminate cancerous cells, which aids the body's defensive mechanisms. More clinical research is required to establish conclusive links, but current research suggests that regular blackberry consumption, as part of a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, may play a role in reducing the risk of breast cancer and could be incorporated into supportive therapies or preventive measures. This thorough analysis delves into the basic cell signaling pathways that antioxidants found in blackberries may impact, including oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis modulation, and immune response in the prevention of breast cancer (BC).