Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108395
Shugang Li , Weiyun Zheng , Wudeng Wang , Xiaomeng Ren , Shuang Song , Chunqing Ai
The gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating pulmonary inflammation via the gut-lung axis. In this study, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum AL44, isolated from healthy infant feces, was evaluated in a mouse model of Enterococcus faecium-induced pneumonia. AL44 treatment markedly alleviated lung histopathological injury, oxidative stress, and inflammatory macrophage polarization. These protective effects were associated with modulation of the gut microbiota, characterized by the enrichment of beneficial taxa, enhanced intestinal barrier integrity, and reduced systemic endotoxin and inflammatory cytokine levels. Targeted serum metabolomics revealed significant alterations in amino acid metabolism, particularly within the glycine-serine-threonine-betaine pathway. In vitro studies showed that betaine, a key AL44-associated metabolite, suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting activation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway. Collectively, these results imply that AL44 mitigates pulmonary inflammation via modulation of the gut-lung axis, with betaine-mediated suppression of the NLRP3 signaling representing a potential pathway, supporting AL44 as a promising probiotic candidate for the management of pneumonia.
{"title":"Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum AL44 ameliorates Enterococcus faecium-induced lung inflammation through NLRP3 suppression along the gut-lung axis","authors":"Shugang Li , Weiyun Zheng , Wudeng Wang , Xiaomeng Ren , Shuang Song , Chunqing Ai","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating pulmonary inflammation via the gut-lung axis. In this study, <em>Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum</em> AL44, isolated from healthy infant feces, was evaluated in a mouse model of <em>Enterococcus faecium</em>-induced pneumonia. AL44 treatment markedly alleviated lung histopathological injury, oxidative stress, and inflammatory macrophage polarization. These protective effects were associated with modulation of the gut microbiota, characterized by the enrichment of beneficial taxa, enhanced intestinal barrier integrity, and reduced systemic endotoxin and inflammatory cytokine levels. Targeted serum metabolomics revealed significant alterations in amino acid metabolism, particularly within the glycine-serine-threonine-betaine pathway. <em>In vitro</em> studies showed that betaine, a key AL44-associated metabolite, suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting activation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway. Collectively, these results imply that AL44 mitigates pulmonary inflammation via modulation of the gut-lung axis, with betaine-mediated suppression of the NLRP3 signaling representing a potential pathway, supporting AL44 as a promising probiotic candidate for the management of pneumonia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 108395"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146162047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108422
Dan Li , Yuwei Liu , Cuicui Duan , Fumin Ma , Byung-Hoo Lee , Xiaolei Li
GtfC type 4,6-α-glucanotransferase could induce short branches in starch by catalyzing inter- or inside-chain transglycosylation. To improve activity of wild-type (WT) GsGtfC from Geobacillus sp., 15 mutants were engineered by site-directed mutagenesis based on amino acid alignments, enzyme-substrate docking and dynamic simulation. At 2 U/g starch, five mutants with increased specific activity by 1.02–1.63-fold reduced molecular weight of starch from 8.85 × 107 to 4.18 × 107–9.58 × 106 and increased DP ≤ 12 short branches from 33.18 to 35.77–43.65%, compared with WT. Retrogradation enthalpy of starch modified by K342V and WT reduced to 0.27 J/g and 0.69 J/g on the 14th day. RDS (rapidly digestible starch) of starch modified by K520A and WT decreased to 75.91% and 83.20%, and SDS (slowly digestible starch) increased to 22.88% and 11.85%. Glucose release from starch modified by K342V, K520A and D350N in a decreased order was significantly lower than that of WT from 120 to 360 min at small intestinal α-glucosidase level. Amino acid substitution strengthened enzyme-substrate affinity and stabilized critical hydrophobic interactions to enhance activity.
{"title":"Enhanced suppression of retrogradation and digestibility in waxy rice starch by engineered mutants of GtfC type 4,6-α-glucanotransferase from Geobacillus sp.","authors":"Dan Li , Yuwei Liu , Cuicui Duan , Fumin Ma , Byung-Hoo Lee , Xiaolei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GtfC type 4,6-α-glucanotransferase could induce short branches in starch by catalyzing inter- or inside-chain transglycosylation. To improve activity of wild-type (WT) GsGtfC from <em>Geobacillus</em> sp., 15 mutants were engineered by site-directed mutagenesis based on amino acid alignments, enzyme-substrate docking and dynamic simulation. At 2 U/g starch, five mutants with increased specific activity by 1.02–1.63-fold reduced molecular weight of starch from 8.85 × 10<sup>7</sup> to 4.18 × 10<sup>7</sup>–9.58 × 10<sup>6</sup> and increased DP ≤ 12 short branches from 33.18 to 35.77–43.65%, compared with WT. Retrogradation enthalpy of starch modified by K342V and WT reduced to 0.27 J/g and 0.69 J/g on the 14th day. RDS (rapidly digestible starch) of starch modified by K520A and WT decreased to 75.91% and 83.20%, and SDS (slowly digestible starch) increased to 22.88% and 11.85%. Glucose release from starch modified by K342V, K520A and D350N in a decreased order was significantly lower than that of WT from 120 to 360 min at small intestinal α-glucosidase level. Amino acid substitution strengthened enzyme-substrate affinity and stabilized critical hydrophobic interactions to enhance activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 108422"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rising global prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) necessitates the urgent need for innovative dietary interventions that extend beyond traditional pharmaceutical approaches, which are often accompanied by adverse effects and limitations. Cereal-based products (CBPs), which constitute dietary staples worldwide, are typically formulated with refined flour and high-glycemic sugars, contributing to postprandial hyperglycemia and metabolic dysregulation. This review posits the strategic reformulation of these staple products into functional foods as a complementary strategy for T2DM management. We systematically evaluate the scientific evidence supporting the incorporation of four key classes of functional ingredients: phenolic compounds, bioactive peptides, dietary fibers, and sugar replacers. These ingredients exert antidiabetic effects through multiple mechanistic pathways: (i) the inhibition of digestive enzymes such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), (ii) modulation of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid production, (iii) enhancement of insulin sensitivity via key signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K/Akt, AMPK), and (iv) reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. The application of these ingredients in staple products like bread, pasta, biscuits, and muffins is critically examined, demonstrating significant improvements in the glycemic index, nutrient density, and bioactive profile of the final products. The review consolidates a robust scientific framework for developing next-generation functional CBPs, concluding that their integration into daily diets holds immense promise for improving glycemic control, mitigating diabetic complications, and serving as an effective component of holistic T2DM prevention and management strategies.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）的全球患病率不断上升，迫切需要创新的饮食干预措施，超越传统的药物方法，这些方法往往伴随着副作用和局限性。谷类食品（CBPs）是世界范围内的主食，通常由精制面粉和高血糖糖制成，导致餐后高血糖和代谢失调。这篇综述假设这些主要产品的战略性重组为功能性食品，作为2型糖尿病管理的补充策略。我们系统地评估了支持加入四种关键功能成分的科学证据：酚类化合物、生物活性肽、膳食纤维和糖替代品。这些成分通过多种机制途径发挥抗糖尿病作用：(i)抑制消化酶，如α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和二肽基肽酶- iv (DPP-IV), （ii）调节肠道微生物群和短链脂肪酸的产生，（iii）通过关键信号通路（如PI3K/Akt、AMPK）增强胰岛素敏感性，（iv）减少氧化应激和炎症。这些成分在面包、意大利面、饼干和松饼等主食中的应用经过了严格的检验，证明在最终产品的血糖指数、营养密度和生物活性方面有显著的改善。该综述巩固了开发下一代功能性CBPs的强大科学框架，并得出结论：将CBPs整合到日常饮食中，对于改善血糖控制、减轻糖尿病并发症以及作为T2DM整体预防和管理策略的有效组成部分具有巨大的希望。
{"title":"Innovative strategies for producing diabetes-friendly cereal-based products: Mechanism, application, and challenges","authors":"Elahe Amani , Amir Pouya Ghandehari Yazdi , Nooshin Bazsefidpar , Mohammad Rahmati , Amin Karimi , Elham Assadpour , Mohsen Barzegar , Seid Mahdi Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising global prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) necessitates the urgent need for innovative dietary interventions that extend beyond traditional pharmaceutical approaches, which are often accompanied by adverse effects and limitations. Cereal-based products (CBPs), which constitute dietary staples worldwide, are typically formulated with refined flour and high-glycemic sugars, contributing to postprandial hyperglycemia and metabolic dysregulation. This review posits the strategic reformulation of these staple products into functional foods as a complementary strategy for T2DM management. We systematically evaluate the scientific evidence supporting the incorporation of four key classes of functional ingredients: phenolic compounds, bioactive peptides, dietary fibers, and sugar replacers. These ingredients exert antidiabetic effects through multiple mechanistic pathways: (i) the inhibition of digestive enzymes such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), (ii) modulation of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid production, (iii) enhancement of insulin sensitivity via key signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K/Akt, AMPK), and (iv) reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. The application of these ingredients in staple products like bread, pasta, biscuits, and muffins is critically examined, demonstrating significant improvements in the glycemic index, nutrient density, and bioactive profile of the final products. The review consolidates a robust scientific framework for developing next-generation functional CBPs, concluding that their integration into daily diets holds immense promise for improving glycemic control, mitigating diabetic complications, and serving as an effective component of holistic T2DM prevention and management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 108454"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108444
Eunhye Jo , Sungmin Hwang , Hyeyoung Lee , Jaeho Cha
Traditional Korean Meju, a key ingredient for fermented soybean foods such as Doenjang and Ganjang, undergoes complex microbial fermentation driven by diverse bacteria and fungi. Although microorganisms are known to play essential roles in the flavor, safety, and nutritional quality of Meju, most studies relying on relative abundance data provide limited insight into their true interactions. This study investigated bacterial-fungal interactions during three stages of Meju fermentation using absolute abundance data derived from quantitative PCR (qPCR) integrated with amplicon-based sequencing. Physicochemical changes, including pH, water content, and amino nitrogen, were monitored to track fermentation progress. Amplicon-based sequencing revealed distinct patterns of relative abundance in bacterial and fungal communities, as assessed by Shannon and Chao1 indices. Bacillus dominated the bacterial community throughout the entire fermentation period, whereas Rhizopus and Mucor were predominant in the fungal community. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed a significant increase in microbial biomass, from 1.01 × 108 to 2.15 × 1011 copies/g for bacteria and from 9.49 × 106 to 2.53 × 1010 copies/g for fungi. Integration of qPCR-based quantitative data with relative abundance revealed a significant positive correlation between Bacillus and Rhizopus that was undetectable using relative data alone. These findings demonstrate that integrating absolute abundance with sequencing data provides novel insights into microbial dynamics and interkingdom interactions during Meju fermentation, contributing to a deeper understanding of fermentation ecology in soybean-based foods.
{"title":"Uncovering bacterial–fungal relationships in Meju fermentation through relative and absolute abundance-based metagenomic analysis","authors":"Eunhye Jo , Sungmin Hwang , Hyeyoung Lee , Jaeho Cha","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional Korean <em>Meju</em>, a key ingredient for fermented soybean foods such as <em>Doenjang</em> and <em>Ganjang</em>, undergoes complex microbial fermentation driven by diverse bacteria and fungi. Although microorganisms are known to play essential roles in the flavor, safety, and nutritional quality of <em>Meju</em>, most studies relying on relative abundance data provide limited insight into their true interactions. This study investigated bacterial-fungal interactions during three stages of <em>Meju</em> fermentation using absolute abundance data derived from quantitative PCR (qPCR) integrated with amplicon-based sequencing. Physicochemical changes, including pH, water content, and amino nitrogen, were monitored to track fermentation progress. Amplicon-based sequencing revealed distinct patterns of relative abundance in bacterial and fungal communities, as assessed by Shannon and Chao1 indices. <em>Bacillus</em> dominated the bacterial community throughout the entire fermentation period, whereas <em>Rhizopus</em> and <em>Mucor</em> were predominant in the fungal community. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed a significant increase in microbial biomass, from 1.01 × 10<sup>8</sup> to 2.15 × 10<sup>11</sup> copies/g for bacteria and from 9.49 × 10<sup>6</sup> to 2.53 × 10<sup>10</sup> copies/g for fungi. Integration of qPCR-based quantitative data with relative abundance revealed a significant positive correlation between <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Rhizopus</em> that was undetectable using relative data alone. These findings demonstrate that integrating absolute abundance with sequencing data provides novel insights into microbial dynamics and interkingdom interactions during <em>Meju</em> fermentation, contributing to a deeper understanding of fermentation ecology in soybean-based foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 108444"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oyster sauce, a traditional Chinese condiment, is widely popular for its distinctive umami-sweet taste and marine flavor. While enzymatic hydrolysis is now mainstream owing to its efficiency and flavor control, current research relies on a narrow selection of commercial enzymes, resulting in product homogenization and impeding the development of distinctive flavors. This study developed a natural protease from Aspergillus oryzae ZA304 for oyster hydrolysis, exhibiting neutral protease and aminopeptidase activities of 50,134 U/g and 12,533 U/g, respectively. It demonstrated optimal activity at 50 °C, with effective operation between 30 and 60 °C, and high salt tolerance. The Natural Protease hydrolysis degree reached 34.91%, the resulting hydrolysate contained more low-molecular-weight peptides and free amino acids, and exhibited a distinct flavor profile compared to commercial enzyme preparations. GC-MS analysis identified 2-pentylfuran, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, ethyl butyrate, ethyl benzoate, (Z)-4-heptenal, and 2-methylbutanol as key volatile flavor compounds, highlighting their critical role in shaping the distinct flavor profiles of raw oyster homogenate and four enzymatic hydrolysates. Metabolomic investigations revealed that the primary differential metabolites before and after enzymatic hydrolysis included amino acids, peptides and their derivatives, along with lipid metabolites.This substantiates that the enzymatic hydrolysis process primarily influences flavor development through two parallel mechanisms: (1) proteolytic cleavage-driven amino acid and peptide metabolism, and (2) concomitant activation of lipid oxidation networks during hydrolysis. This study provides a theoretical foundation for exploring high-performance enzyme preparations and their industrial application technologies in oyster processing, thereby facilitating the green and low-carbon transformation of oyster processing systems.
{"title":"An oyster hydrolysis natural protease: Enzymatic properties, hydrolysates and flavor metabolomic profiling","authors":"Changzheng Wu , Tianchang Jia , Sha Hou , Hoeseng Tin , Feng Xie , Bo Peng , Yanjuan Xu , Xing Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oyster sauce, a traditional Chinese condiment, is widely popular for its distinctive umami-sweet taste and marine flavor. While enzymatic hydrolysis is now mainstream owing to its efficiency and flavor control, current research relies on a narrow selection of commercial enzymes, resulting in product homogenization and impeding the development of distinctive flavors. This study developed a natural protease from <em>Aspergillus oryzae</em> ZA304 for oyster hydrolysis, exhibiting neutral protease and aminopeptidase activities of 50,134 U/g and 12,533 U/g, respectively. It demonstrated optimal activity at 50 °C, with effective operation between 30 and 60 °C, and high salt tolerance. The Natural Protease hydrolysis degree reached 34.91%, the resulting hydrolysate contained more low-molecular-weight peptides and free amino acids, and exhibited a distinct flavor profile compared to commercial enzyme preparations. GC-MS analysis identified 2-pentylfuran, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, ethyl butyrate, ethyl benzoate, (Z)-4-heptenal, and 2-methylbutanol as key volatile flavor compounds, highlighting their critical role in shaping the distinct flavor profiles of raw oyster homogenate and four enzymatic hydrolysates. Metabolomic investigations revealed that the primary differential metabolites before and after enzymatic hydrolysis included amino acids, peptides and their derivatives, along with lipid metabolites.This substantiates that the enzymatic hydrolysis process primarily influences flavor development through two parallel mechanisms: (1) proteolytic cleavage-driven amino acid and peptide metabolism, and (2) concomitant activation of lipid oxidation networks during hydrolysis. This study provides a theoretical foundation for exploring high-performance enzyme preparations and their industrial application technologies in oyster processing, thereby facilitating the green and low-carbon transformation of oyster processing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 108434"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108466
Siya Wu , Qing Zhang , Zheng Huang , Shumao Cui , Catherine Stanton , R. Paul Ross , Jianxin Zhao , Wei Chen , Bo Yang
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin disorder with increasing incidence in early life. Bovine colostrum (BC), rich in diverse bioactive components, represents a promising functional dairy matrix for immune regulation. This study investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of early-life BC supplementation (100 mg/kg) in a 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced murine AD model. BC intervention significantly ameliorated clinical and histological symptoms, including reduced skin thickness, erythema, and mast cell infiltration. It concurrently restored skin barrier integrity by upregulating key barrier genes (FLG, LOR, SPINK5) and rebalanced systemic immunity by suppressing Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) while promoting regulatory T cell (Treg) populations and IL-10 production. Crucially, BC exerted profound effects on the gut-skin axis by enhancing intestinal mucosal immunity, as evidenced by increased secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and pIgR expression. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that BC restored gut microbial diversity, enriched beneficial butyrate-producing genera (e.g., Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Ruminiclostridium_9), and significantly elevated colonic butyrate levels. Correlation analysis identified butyrate as a key correlated mediator, linking gut microbiota remodeling to Treg expansion and Th2 inhibition. Our findings suggest that BC alleviates AD and is associated with a coordinated remodeling of the gut microbiota, increased butyrate production, and enhanced immune regulation, supporting its potential as a candidate dietary strategy for early-life atopic prevention.
{"title":"Early-life bovine colostrum supplementation alleviates atopic dermatitis through gut microbiota remodeling and enhanced immune regulation","authors":"Siya Wu , Qing Zhang , Zheng Huang , Shumao Cui , Catherine Stanton , R. Paul Ross , Jianxin Zhao , Wei Chen , Bo Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin disorder with increasing incidence in early life. Bovine colostrum (BC), rich in diverse bioactive components, represents a promising functional dairy matrix for immune regulation. This study investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of early-life BC supplementation (100 mg/kg) in a 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced murine AD model. BC intervention significantly ameliorated clinical and histological symptoms, including reduced skin thickness, erythema, and mast cell infiltration. It concurrently restored skin barrier integrity by upregulating key barrier genes (FLG, LOR, SPINK5) and rebalanced systemic immunity by suppressing Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) while promoting regulatory T cell (Treg) populations and IL-10 production. Crucially, BC exerted profound effects on the gut-skin axis by enhancing intestinal mucosal immunity, as evidenced by increased secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and pIgR expression. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that BC restored gut microbial diversity, enriched beneficial butyrate-producing genera (e.g., Lachnospiraceae <em>NK4A136 group</em>, <em>Ruminiclostridium_9</em>), and significantly elevated colonic butyrate levels. Correlation analysis identified butyrate as a key correlated mediator, linking gut microbiota remodeling to Treg expansion and Th2 inhibition. Our findings suggest that BC alleviates AD and is associated with a coordinated remodeling of the gut microbiota, increased butyrate production, and enhanced immune regulation, supporting its potential as a candidate dietary strategy for early-life atopic prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 108466"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108429
Hongtu Li , Zunjie Xi , Huayu Zhong , Xiaoming Yan , Tongtong Mo , Qin Chen , Dongdong Mu , Xuefeng Wu , Xingjiang Li
Agaricus bisporus is the most widely consumed edible mushroom and an important source of dietary protein and bioactive compounds. The casing layer plays a critical role in its cultivation, where microbial communities and metabolic activities strongly affect yield and quality, however, the stage-resolved research gap remains that it is still unclear which microbial and metabolic shifts in the casing layer are associated with primordia initiation and subsequent quality formation. In this study, the ecological and metabolic basis of mushroom quality formation was investigated by the combination of microbiome sequencing, non-targeted metabolomics, and functional genomics. Microbial communities exhibited stage-specific dynamics, with significant restructuring during primordia formation, when community cohesion and niche breadth reached their highest levels (0.68 ± 0.06 and 4.48 ± 1.05, respectively). A total of 1108 non-volatile metabolites were identified from metabolomic profiling. The adenosine and tryptophan exhibited significant changes and were enriched in energy and amino acid metabolism pathways. A representative strain, Pseudomonas putida AT130, was isolated from the genus Pseudomonas. The gene clusters related to phosphate solubilization, potassium mobilization, lignin degradation, and indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis were revealed by genome analysis with the multifunctional activities being confirmed through in vitro assays. Pot experiments further showed that AT130 inoculation improved mushroom performance, increasing fruiting body yield by 123.55% and enhancing nutritional traits (protein and soluble sugars increased, whereas ash decreased) relative to the control. These findings linked casing-layer microbiota with mushroom quality and identified AT130 as a promising food-grade bioinoculant to enhance A. bisporus nutritional value and productivity.
{"title":"Integrative analysis reveals casing layer dynamics during Agaricus bisporus cultivation and the growth promoting effect of Pseudomonas putida AT130","authors":"Hongtu Li , Zunjie Xi , Huayu Zhong , Xiaoming Yan , Tongtong Mo , Qin Chen , Dongdong Mu , Xuefeng Wu , Xingjiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Agaricus bisporus</em> is the most widely consumed edible mushroom and an important source of dietary protein and bioactive compounds. The casing layer plays a critical role in its cultivation, where microbial communities and metabolic activities strongly affect yield and quality, however, the stage-resolved research gap remains that it is still unclear which microbial and metabolic shifts in the casing layer are associated with primordia initiation and subsequent quality formation. In this study, the ecological and metabolic basis of mushroom quality formation was investigated by the combination of microbiome sequencing, non-targeted metabolomics, and functional genomics. Microbial communities exhibited stage-specific dynamics, with significant restructuring during primordia formation, when community cohesion and niche breadth reached their highest levels (0.68 ± 0.06 and 4.48 ± 1.05, respectively). A total of 1108 non-volatile metabolites were identified from metabolomic profiling. The adenosine and tryptophan exhibited significant changes and were enriched in energy and amino acid metabolism pathways. A representative strain, <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> AT130, was isolated from the genus <em>Pseudomonas</em>. The gene clusters related to phosphate solubilization, potassium mobilization, lignin degradation, and indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis were revealed by genome analysis with the multifunctional activities being confirmed through <em>in vitro</em> assays. Pot experiments further showed that AT130 inoculation improved mushroom performance, increasing fruiting body yield by 123.55% and enhancing nutritional traits (protein and soluble sugars increased, whereas ash decreased) relative to the control. These findings linked casing-layer microbiota with mushroom quality and identified AT130 as a promising food-grade bioinoculant to enhance <em>A. bisporus</em> nutritional value and productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 108429"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146162048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108465
Di Qiu, Qin Zou, Tong Wu, Xin Zhou, Mengyuan Cai, Chao Tan
Exploring the tolerance mechanisms of microorganisms to ferulic acid (FA), is pivotal for engineering robust cell factories to produce high-value products from lignocellulosic feedstocks. However, high concentrations of FA restrict substrate loading and carbon source conversion efficiency, which has emerged as a critical bottleneck hampering the industrialization of lignin refining. Thus, it is urgent to analyze the FA tolerance mechanism in E. coli. In this study, E. coli was used as the model organism, and high-tolerance strain was screened through integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that under high FA concentrations, the strain activated global regulatory networks and repressed non-essential metabolic pathways. Metabolomic analysis indicated that glycine metabolism was enriched under high FA concentrations to enhance antioxidant capacity, and the detection of FA derivatives demonstrated that E. coli actively converts FA into less toxic compounds for self-detoxification. Combined multi-omics analysis revealed that the co-overexpression of recN, soxS, and yhiM endows E. coli with tolerance to 2 g/L FA. This study provides a theoretical basis and critical targets for engineering FA tolerance in E. coli, laying a foundation for improving the conversion efficiency of strains in complex lignin hydrolysates. This study not only clarifies the FA tolerance mechanism of E. coli but also provides a modified strain for the food-grade biotransformation of FA into high-value food additives, supporting the sustainable utilization of food industry waste.
{"title":"Multi-omics analysis deciphers the core molecular mechanisms underpinning ferulic acid tolerance in Escherichia coli: Implications for food-grade biotransformation of lignin-derived phenolics","authors":"Di Qiu, Qin Zou, Tong Wu, Xin Zhou, Mengyuan Cai, Chao Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring the tolerance mechanisms of microorganisms to ferulic acid (FA), is pivotal for engineering robust cell factories to produce high-value products from lignocellulosic feedstocks. However, high concentrations of FA restrict substrate loading and carbon source conversion efficiency, which has emerged as a critical bottleneck hampering the industrialization of lignin refining. Thus, it is urgent to analyze the FA tolerance mechanism in <em>E. coli</em>. In this study, <em>E. coli</em> was used as the model organism, and high-tolerance strain was screened through integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that under high FA concentrations, the strain activated global regulatory networks and repressed non-essential metabolic pathways. Metabolomic analysis indicated that glycine metabolism was enriched under high FA concentrations to enhance antioxidant capacity, and the detection of FA derivatives demonstrated that <em>E. coli</em> actively converts FA into less toxic compounds for self-detoxification. Combined multi-omics analysis revealed that the co-overexpression of <em>recN</em>, <em>soxS</em>, and <em>yhiM</em> endows <em>E. coli</em> with tolerance to 2 g/L FA. This study provides a theoretical basis and critical targets for engineering FA tolerance in <em>E. coli</em>, laying a foundation for improving the conversion efficiency of strains in complex lignin hydrolysates. This study not only clarifies the FA tolerance mechanism of <em>E. coli</em> but also provides a modified strain for the food-grade biotransformation of FA into high-value food additives, supporting the sustainable utilization of food industry waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 108465"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146162053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108470
Siyoung Yoo , Nanjoo Park , Junsik Hwang , Min-Duk Seo , Hyunjin Yoon
Bacillus cereus is a major foodborne pathogen with limited effective control strategies. To enhance antibacterial efficacy against B. cereus, hybrid endolysins were engineered by fusing the enzymatically active domain (EAD) of LysB4 with those of CD27L and PHICD111_20024, amidase-type endolysins derived from Clostridioides difficile phages. All recombinant proteins were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and retained their bacteriolytic activity. Among the four hybrid constructs, L4-GS-C111 and C111-GS-L4 exhibited stronger bactericidal activity against Bacillus species than that of their parental forms. Structural modeling predicted that the active sites of each endolysin were accessible in both L4-GS-C111 and C111-GS-L4, suggesting enhanced activity. Both constructs maintained stable lytic activity across a wide pH range (4.5–9.5) and varying NaCl concentrations (0–150 mM), outperforming LysB4_EAD under various changes in pH and salinity. L4-GS-C111 successfully inactivated B. cereus in soymilk with pH 6.5 and 15 mM NaCl, achieving a 4 log decrease within 12 h at 40 μM. L4-GS-C111 also effectively disrupted preformed B. cereus biofilms, as confirmed by confocal microscopy, but barely displayed any cytotoxicity toward Caco-2 cells. These results demonstrate that L4-GS-C111 exerts bactericidal activity against B. cereus in diverse environments, supporting its potential as a biocontrol agent for improving food safety.
{"title":"Exploring the antimicrobial potential of hybrid endolysin L4-GS-C111 for the control of Bacillus cereus in food systems","authors":"Siyoung Yoo , Nanjoo Park , Junsik Hwang , Min-Duk Seo , Hyunjin Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bacillus cereus</em> is a major foodborne pathogen with limited effective control strategies. To enhance antibacterial efficacy against <em>B. cereus</em>, hybrid endolysins were engineered by fusing the enzymatically active domain (EAD) of LysB4 with those of CD27L and PHICD111_20024, amidase-type endolysins derived from <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> phages. All recombinant proteins were successfully expressed in <em>Escherichia coli</em> and retained their bacteriolytic activity. Among the four hybrid constructs, L4-GS-C111 and C111-GS-L4 exhibited stronger bactericidal activity against <em>Bacillus</em> species than that of their parental forms. Structural modeling predicted that the active sites of each endolysin were accessible in both L4-GS-C111 and C111-GS-L4, suggesting enhanced activity. Both constructs maintained stable lytic activity across a wide pH range (4.5–9.5) and varying NaCl concentrations (0–150 mM), outperforming LysB4_EAD under various changes in pH and salinity. L4-GS-C111 successfully inactivated <em>B. cereus</em> in soymilk with pH 6.5 and 15 mM NaCl, achieving a 4 log decrease within 12 h at 40 μM. L4-GS-C111 also effectively disrupted preformed <em>B. cereus</em> biofilms, as confirmed by confocal microscopy, but barely displayed any cytotoxicity toward Caco-2 cells. These results demonstrate that L4-GS-C111 exerts bactericidal activity against <em>B. cereus</em> in diverse environments, supporting its potential as a biocontrol agent for improving food safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 108470"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146161896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108443
Chaoyu Jiang, Jiao Liu, Yangxin Hu, Cheng Pan, Lei Zhang
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, where oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in cell apoptosis, while foodborne biogenic amines (BAs), such as histamine, are key indicators of protein-rich food spoilage and potential health risks. Here, we report a steroid-modified Co-based mesoporous coordination polymer (OH-steroid@CP1) as a multifunctional nanoplatform that couples BA sensing with β-cell protection. The structures of the steroid intermediate and the resulting composites were confirmed by NMR, XRD, FT-IR, and photophysical characterization. OH-steroid@CP1 functions as a dual-mode probe for histamine, exhibiting ratiometric fluorescence (I427/I616) and colorimetric responses with wide linear ranges, sub-μg mL−1 limits of detection, and distinct naked-eye–discernible color changes. Mechanistic studies indicate that band-structure engineering, energy transfer between OH-steroid and CP1, and CP1-catalyzed oxidation of the steroid ligand to a quinonoid dye synergistically generate the ratiometric fluorescence/colorimetric output. Furthermore, loading quercetin into OH-steroid@CP1 (OH-steroid@CP1@Que, Que-NPs) significantly improved INS-1 β-cell viability and upregulated SIRT1, PGC-1α, and INS expression compared with free quercetin, suggesting enhanced mitochondrial regulation and functional preservation of β-cells. This work establishes a steroid-modified Co-MOF nanoplatform that integrates sensitive BA detection with quercetin delivery, offering a proof-of-concept strategy for linking food safety surveillance with β-cell preservation strategies for T1DM intervention.
{"title":"Steroid-modified fluorescence/colorimetric mesoporous nanoplatform: Combining food freshness monitoring with quercetin-mediated preservation of pancreatic β-cell function","authors":"Chaoyu Jiang, Jiao Liu, Yangxin Hu, Cheng Pan, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, where oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in cell apoptosis, while foodborne biogenic amines (BAs), such as histamine, are key indicators of protein-rich food spoilage and potential health risks. Here, we report a steroid-modified Co-based mesoporous coordination polymer (OH-steroid@CP1) as a multifunctional nanoplatform that couples BA sensing with β-cell protection. The structures of the steroid intermediate and the resulting composites were confirmed by NMR, XRD, FT-IR, and photophysical characterization. OH-steroid@CP1 functions as a dual-mode probe for histamine, exhibiting ratiometric fluorescence (I<sub>427</sub>/I<sub>616</sub>) and colorimetric responses with wide linear ranges, sub-μg mL<sup>−1</sup> limits of detection, and distinct naked-eye–discernible color changes. Mechanistic studies indicate that band-structure engineering, energy transfer between OH-steroid and CP1, and CP1-catalyzed oxidation of the steroid ligand to a quinonoid dye synergistically generate the ratiometric fluorescence/colorimetric output. Furthermore, loading quercetin into OH-steroid@CP1 (OH-steroid@CP1@Que, Que-NPs) significantly improved INS-1 β-cell viability and upregulated SIRT1, PGC-1α, and INS expression compared with free quercetin, suggesting enhanced mitochondrial regulation and functional preservation of <em>β</em>-cells. This work establishes a steroid-modified Co-MOF nanoplatform that integrates sensitive BA detection with quercetin delivery, offering a proof-of-concept strategy for linking food safety surveillance with β-cell preservation strategies for T1DM intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 108443"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146161924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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