Crumb bums? Context dependence in ecosystem services supplied by common urban animals

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Ecosphere Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.70014
Timothy M. Swartz, Alison R. Blaney, Jocelyn E. Behm
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Abstract

Bolstering the supply of animal-mediated ecosystem services is an emerging priority in human-altered landscapes. Such services are driven not only by environmental factors that shape communities of species that provide the service but also by the ecological context that affects the behavior of these species. In this study, we used a field experiment to investigate an ecosystem service that depends on resource use behavior—the removal of littered food waste by birds and squirrels in urban green spaces. We first explore how landscape-scale urbanization affects the composition of the litter-removing species community. We then examine two facets of waste removal provisioning—the amount of food removed and the speed of removal—and how they vary across ecological contexts represented by green space type (picnic areas, urban parks, and forest preserves), bird and squirrel abundance, number of people, amount of existing litter, and weather conditions. We found that although landscape-scale urbanization affected the composition of species within green spaces, service provisioning was context-dependent. Littered food removal services were provided at higher rates in park and picnic sites than in forest preserves and the abundance of eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) was a main driver of littered food removal services. Where squirrels were abundant, more food was removed, and food removal began and was completed more quickly. When squirrel abundance is accounted for, removal from picnic areas is higher than park sites, indicating context dependence in this service is likely driven by squirrel behavioral responses to ambient food waste levels in these habitats. This study highlights the role of common urban species in providing a valuable ecosystem service and the importance of ecological context in its supply. Efforts to account for animal-mediated ecosystem services in human-altered landscapes should address the potential for services to be driven by a single species and context-dependent factors that influence behavior.

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流浪汉?城市常见动物提供的生态系统服务的环境依赖性
加强以动物为媒介的生态系统服务供应是人类改变地貌的一个新的优先事项。这种服务不仅受塑造提供服务的物种群落的环境因素的驱动,还受影响这些物种行为的生态环境的驱动。在本研究中,我们利用野外实验研究了一种依赖于资源利用行为的生态系统服务--鸟类和松鼠在城市绿地中清除乱扔的食物残渣。我们首先探讨了景观尺度的城市化如何影响垃圾清除物种群落的组成。然后,我们研究了垃圾清除供给的两个方面--食物清除量和清除速度--以及它们在不同生态环境下的变化情况,这些生态环境包括绿地类型(野餐区、城市公园和森林保护区)、鸟类和松鼠的丰度、人口数量、现有垃圾量和天气条件。我们发现,虽然景观尺度的城市化影响了绿地内的物种组成,但服务的提供却与环境有关。在公园和野餐场所,垃圾食物清除服务的提供率高于森林保护区,东部灰松鼠(Sciurus carolinensis)的数量是垃圾食物清除服务的主要驱动因素。在松鼠数量多的地方,清除的食物更多,食物清除开始和完成的速度也更快。如果考虑到松鼠的丰度,野餐区的食物清除量要高于公园,这表明这项服务的环境依赖性很可能是由松鼠对这些栖息地的环境食物垃圾水平的行为反应所驱动的。这项研究强调了常见城市物种在提供有价值的生态系统服务中的作用,以及生态环境在其供应中的重要性。在人类改变的景观中解释动物介导的生态系统服务时,应考虑到服务由单一物种驱动的可能性以及影响行为的环境依赖性因素。
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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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