Advancing sustainability: a novel biopolymer-based degradable nanoclay composite film for next-generation packaging†

Abstract

Global concerns are increasing worldwide owing to the utilization of non-renewable fossil fuel-derived polymeric films for the packaging of perishables and other related commodities. The emergence of bio-based packaging films, characterized by affordability, environmental friendliness, and abundant renewable sources, offers a promising alternative to address these concerns. This study aims to mitigate the adverse impacts associated with petroleum-based films by developing an effective bio-nanocomposite with enhanced mechanical and barrier properties. The developed composite, achieved through the incorporation of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay into two distinct biopolymer blends (chitosan–xanthan gum and chitosan–vanillin), was further optimized to determine the optimal ratio. The bio-nanocomposite film with 3% nanoclay reinforcement in the chitosan–vanillin blend demonstrated superior performance compared to all other films. In contrast to an untreated chitosan film, this bio-nanocomposite exhibited reduced transmittance, mitigating oxidative damage from UV radiation in packaged food items. Notably, a substantial improvement in water resistance and a remarkable 6.64-fold increase in tensile strength were observed. The film's biodegradability, as evidenced by a 25% weight loss in the first month in a soil burial test, underscores its environmental friendliness. Results from a range of instrumental techniques and measurements collectively suggest that the synthesized and optimized film has significant potential for application in the future sustainable food-packaging industry.