Passivation and depassivation of reinforcement steel in alkali-activated materials—A review

IF 10.8 1区 工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Cement & concrete composites Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105802
Xiaoying Xu , Xiang Hu , Amani Khaskhoussi , Caijun Shi
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Abstract

This paper reviews the formation and breakdown of passive film on the surface of reinforcement steel in alkali-activated materials (AAMs) considering the characteristics of reaction product and pore solution chemistry. The literature review shows that the pore solution of AAMs has higher concentrations of OH, Na+, silica and aluminium compared to Portland cement (PC). This relatively high alkalinity contributes to the generation of a passive film, which has positive effects on the corrosion resistance of reinforcement steel embedded in AAMs. The silica-aluminium zeolite layer present on the surface of passive film adsorbs chloride ions and effectively inhibits chloride-induced depassivation. Generally, lower ratios of [Cl]/[SO42−] and [Cl]/[S2O32−] potentially inhibit the depassivation of reinforcement steel. The high pH value and the elevated concentrations of HS of AAMs contribute to the increase of critical chloride content (Ccrit). However, the higher content of reduced sulfide mainly dissolved from slag results in the consumption of dissolved oxygen, which is necessary for the formation of passive film. Generally, the presence of reduced sulfide forms Fe-S complexes on the surface of reinforcement steel in AAMs. Even so, higher corrosion resistance for AAMs is mostly expected with longer depassivation time due to finer microstructure and lower chloride penetration rates compared to PC-based materials. The decrease in pH value in the pore solution of the AAMs is the main factor affecting carbonation-induced depassivation of reinforcement steel, while high concentrations of bicarbonate and carbonate ions inhibit depassivation.
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碱活性材料中钢筋的钝化和去钝化--综述
本文综述了碱活性材料(AAMs)中钢筋表面被动膜的形成和破坏,并考虑了反应产物和孔隙溶液化学特性。文献综述表明,与波特兰水泥(PC)相比,碱活性材料的孔隙溶液中含有更高浓度的 OH-、Na+、二氧化硅和铝。这种相对较高的碱度有助于生成一层被动膜,对嵌入 AAMs 的钢筋的耐腐蚀性有积极影响。被动膜表面的硅铝沸石层可吸附氯离子,有效抑制氯离子引起的钝化。一般来说,较低的[Cl-]/[SO42-]和[Cl-]/[S2O32-]比率可能会抑制钢筋的去钝化。AAMs 的高 pH 值和高 HS- 浓度有助于提高临界氯化物含量(Ccrit)。然而,主要从熔渣中溶解的还原硫化物含量较高,导致溶解氧的消耗,而溶解氧是形成被动膜所必需的。一般来说,还原硫化物的存在会在 AAM 的钢筋表面形成 Fe-S 复合物。尽管如此,与基于 PC 的材料相比,AAM 的微观结构更精细,氯化物渗透率更低,因此预计随着去钝化时间的延长,AAM 的耐腐蚀性也会更高。AAMs 孔隙溶液中 pH 值的降低是影响碳化引起的钢筋去钝化的主要因素,而高浓度的碳酸氢根离子和碳酸根离子会抑制去钝化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Cement & concrete composites
Cement & concrete composites 工程技术-材料科学:复合
CiteScore
18.70
自引率
11.40%
发文量
459
审稿时长
65 days
期刊介绍: Cement & concrete composites focuses on advancements in cement-concrete composite technology and the production, use, and performance of cement-based construction materials. It covers a wide range of materials, including fiber-reinforced composites, polymer composites, ferrocement, and those incorporating special aggregates or waste materials. Major themes include microstructure, material properties, testing, durability, mechanics, modeling, design, fabrication, and practical applications. The journal welcomes papers on structural behavior, field studies, repair and maintenance, serviceability, and sustainability. It aims to enhance understanding, provide a platform for unconventional materials, promote low-cost energy-saving materials, and bridge the gap between materials science, engineering, and construction. Special issues on emerging topics are also published to encourage collaboration between materials scientists, engineers, designers, and fabricators.
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