Moderate or Intense Low-Oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion regime: An overview on fuels

Abstract

In this paper, an overview on the used fuels in Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion is provided including gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels in addition to fuel mixtures. In the first step, a detailed review of the definitions of this combustion regime is presented and the known different oxidation routes are explained. Next, various issues including emissions, combustion fields, and kinetics are addressed for the studied fuels in the summarized studies, followed by a comparison of the fuels in terms of emissions and combustion fields. In addition, these studies are summarized in terms of the utilized fuels and the selected experimental and numerical approaches to give an overall view on the chosen fuels in MILD regime. Finally, future prospects and directions on using fuel technologies in MILD combustion are provided, which includes the known obstacles in using different fuels under MILD regime.