International Journal of Thermofluids最新文献

{"title":"Research on pollution prevention and control in semiconductor process tool and mini-environment","authors":"Shih-Cheng Hu ,&nbsp;Tee Lin ,&nbsp;Omid Ali Zargar ,&nbsp;Shih-Hsun Chu ,&nbsp;Yang-Cheng Shih ,&nbsp;Graham Leggett","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Taiwan currently holds the leading position globally in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, with wafer fabrication outsourcing playing a significant role. The cleanliness of cleanrooms is paramount to maintain and strengthen this position. During the wafer manufacturing process, Airborne Molecular Contamination (AMC) can lead to defects in wafers, thereby reducing yield. Traditional ballroom-style cleanrooms are increasingly unable to meet the current requirements for cleanliness and reliability. Thus, controlling gas-phase molecular contaminants in mini-environments has become a critical research topic. Currently, most process equipment maintains positive pressure relative to the surrounding environment to preserve internal cleanliness and prevent gas intrusion from cleanroom contamination. However, when process equipment is connected to the Equipment Front End Module (EFEM), the design of the positive pressure in the process equipment may introduce process gases into the connecting channels of the EFEM. This can lead to gas contamination in the mini-environment due to diffusion and turbulence generated by the movement of mechanical arms, resulting in corrosion and contamination of the mini-environment walls and equipment surfaces. This study utilizes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze contamination during the connection between the Equipment Front End Module (EFEM) and process equipment. It investigates measures to prevent the diffusion of process gases (HF) from process equipment to the mini-environment and provides a reference for future prevention of special gas contamination in mini-environments for the first time. The results show that by optimizing the process parameters such as floor suction velocity, laminar air curtain (LAC) flow rate, and duct local exhaust velocity, the HF pollutant isolation efficiency could be improved by up to 24.69 %. The findings of this study could be beneficial to improve the front opening unified pod (FOUP) cleaning efficiency in semiconductor manufacturing and even different areas of vacuum technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of surface roughness on CFD performance prediction of francis turbines: Grid convergence analysis and experimental validation across variable operating conditions","authors":"Thaithat Sudsuansee ,&nbsp;Suwat Phitaksurachai ,&nbsp;Chakrit Udomsin ,&nbsp;Suebwit Sathornsamritphon ,&nbsp;Thanakorn Chalermrat ,&nbsp;Sukrit Chandravisut ,&nbsp;Noppong Sritrakul ,&nbsp;Yodchai Tiaple","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of a medium-head Francis turbine performance using computational fluid dynamics with emphasis on grid sensitivity analysis and wall roughness effects. Four progressively refined meshes ranging from 3.28 to 8.77 million cells were evaluated using the Grid Convergence Index (GCI) methodology to quantify numerical uncertainty. The finest mesh achieved GCI values of 0.42% for power output with dimensionless wall distance (y⁺) below 3 on critical surfaces, while hydraulic efficiency demonstrated grid independence with maximum variation of ±0.06%. Steady-state Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations employing the SST k-ω turbulence model were conducted using the Multiple Reference Frame approach. The incorporation of realistic surface roughness (<em>k_s</em> = 0.045 – 0.18 mm) proved critical for accurate performance prediction, with simulations achieving agreement within 1-2% of experimental measurements across rotational speeds from 400 to 1000 rpm. The turbine demonstrated distinct operational characteristics: flat efficiency profile (49-51%) at 400 rpm indicating viscous-dominated flow, peaked efficiency (75.5%) at 700 rpm showing transition behavior, and broad high-efficiency operation (&gt;80%) at 1000 rpm confirming design optimization. Detailed flow field analysis revealed progressive evolution of blade loading patterns, with pressure differentials increasing from 90 kPa to 220 kPa across the speed range. Draft tube flow exhibited progression from stable columnar vortices at low speed to precessing vortex rope structures at high speed, with corresponding pressure recovery efficiency varying from 65% to 75%. Three-dimensional visualization of pressure distributions and near-wall streamlines confirmed the correlation between flow organization and performance metrics. The study demonstrates that wall roughness modeling is essential for accurate turbomachinery CFD predictions, particularly at off-design conditions where boundary layer effects significantly influence overall performance. The validated numerical framework provides reliable performance prediction capabilities for Francis turbine design optimization and operational analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear hydrogen prospects in MENA region with economic insights","authors":"Ammar Alkhalidi ,&nbsp;Shatha Alyazouri ,&nbsp;Belal Almomani ,&nbsp;A.G. Olabi ,&nbsp;Abdul Hai Alami ,&nbsp;Thanh Mai Vũ ,&nbsp;Ala’aldeen Al-Halhouli ,&nbsp;Mohamad K. Khawaja","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for energy and environmental pollution have prompted a transition toward hydrogen production. Nuclear hydrogen, in particular, offers the potential for large-scale production while effectively reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents the potential of nuclear hydrogen in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It begins by assessing the current status of nuclear energy and hydrogen generation plans across MENA countries. It also offers insights into the economic viability of nuclear hydrogen for several next-generation reactors through the Hydrogen Economic Evaluation Programme (HEEP). Additionally, it considers the front-end costs associated with potential uranium reserves in the region, as well as the economic sensitivity of various technical and fiscal parameters. Despite its potential, much of the MENA region faces challenges related to inadequate nuclear infrastructure and stalled development plans. The comparison of the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen Generation (LCHG) among various reactor technologies reveals that the most favorable scenario involves integrating the Advanced Pressurized Reactor (APR-1400) with Conventional Electrolysis (CE), compressed gas hydrogen storage, and vehicle transportation, yielding the lowest LCHG of $ 3.47 USD/kg H₂. Sensitivity analyses indicate that nuclear hydrogen production is highly vulnerable to fiscal parameters, particularly discount and interest rates. This review highlights the economic viability and potential of nuclear hydrogen as a sustainable energy solution in the MENA region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and simulation of isobutylene polymerization in gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed reactor","authors":"Nayef Ghasem","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methyl tert‑butyl ether (MTBE) was widely utilized as a standard additive in high-octane gasoline due to its ability to improve combustion efficiency and provide effective knock resistance. However, its extensive use resulted in significant environmental concerns, prompting its prohibition in numerous countries. As an alternative, di-isobutylene (DIB), derived from the selective oligomerization of isobutylene, can be hydrogenated to produce high-quality, clean gasoline. This indirect alkylation process yields a blend rich in isooctane, characterized by a high-octane number and low vapor pressure while freeing sulfur, benzene, and aromatic compounds. This study provides an in-depth modeling and simulation analysis of a novel gas–liquid–solid circulating mini-fluidized bed reactor designed for isobutylene polymerization. A detailed hydrodynamic and kinetic model was created using COMSOL Multiphysics version 6.3 to investigate how operating parameters affect isobutylene conversion and di-isobutylene yield. The simulation outcomes were thoroughly validated by comparing them to experimental data from a mini circulating fluidized bed reactor with a 10 mm inner diameter, 260 mm riser, and 160 mm downers. The results indicate that the circulating mini-fluidized bed can achieve high isobutylene conversion and high di-isobutylene yield. This improved performance is linked to the synergistic effects of solid particles and gas bubbles, which enhance the specific surface area of the reactor and promote advantageous hydrodynamic alterations. These findings validate the efficacy of the simulation framework and underscore the reactor’s potential for optimizing industrial polymerization processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A class of Cauchy problems for the Poisson equation from steady-state heat conduction in multilayered media","authors":"Tangwei Liu ,&nbsp;Dingding Yan ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Zhong ,&nbsp;Wanglin Ouyang ,&nbsp;Jeevan Kafle","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate reconstruction of subsurface temperature fields in layered media underpins exploration and development of deep geothermal resources. Traditional inverse computation methods improve numerical stability of finite‐difference schemes but still require careful regularization and layer‐by‐layer marching. In contrast, Physics‐Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) directly integrate governing equations, interface continuity, and boundary observations in a single mesh‐free optimization, dramatically reducing sensitivity to noise and eliminating the need for manual layer strategies. Through numerical experiments on two-dimensional multilayered domains, we show that PINNs method maintains robustness under realistic measurement noise, and deliver comparable accuracy without bespoke regularization parameters. Our results demonstrate that PINNs not only simplify the inverse workflow but also outperform classical layer‐marching approaches in accuracy, stability, and computational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of boiling in wick structures: Comparative analysis of mono-, Bi-, and hybrid porous media","authors":"M.E. Nimvari ,&nbsp;T. Persoons ,&nbsp;M.J. Gibbons","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient thermal management is critical in high-power electronic and energy systems, where overheating can lead to performance degradation or material failure. Capillary-driven boiling in porous media is a promising passive cooling solution. The advent of advanced fabrication methods, such as additive and subtractive manufacturing, enables controlled fabrication of porous structure geometry. However, limited research exists to numerically guide porous structure design and explore the complex pore-scale two-phase interplay during the boiling phenomena. The present work provides an in-depth pore-scale numerical investigation of capillary-fed boiling in three porous configurations: monoporous, biporous, and hybrid (combining mono- and biporous) media. Simplified cluster geometries were used to model complex biporous and hybrid structures, and simulations were carried out spanning heat flux levels from 1 to 50 W/cm², validated against experimental data. At low heat fluxes, monoporous and hybrid wicks outperform biporous ones due to reduced vapor entrapment. However, at high heat fluxes, biporous structures exhibit superior performance, thanks to their higher permeability and stronger capillary pumping, which enhance vapor removal and liquid replenishment. Under the peak tested heat flux of 50 W/cm², the biporous media achieves the lowest wall superheat (∼15 K) and vapor saturation (∼0.25), indicating the highest resistance to dry-out. The hybrid wick demonstrates the best performance under low to moderate heat fluxes, whereas at high heat flux levels it exhibits intermediate performance, benefiting from both monoporous and biporous characteristics. The results in this work elucidate the complex two-phase boiling phenomena in varied porous structure geometries that have been commonly experimentally applied. As such, it may serve as a design guide for future advanced wick structures in high-performance cooling systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow behaviors of anionic polyacrylamide aqueous solutions","authors":"Mamdouh T. Ghannam ,&nbsp;Mohamed Y.E. Selim ,&nbsp;Ahmed Thaher ,&nbsp;Taif Ali Alameri ,&nbsp;Shaikha Salem Alamri ,&nbsp;Mariam Khalifa Alketbi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experimental study investigates the flow behaviors of anionic polyacrylamide (APAA) aqueous solutions to better understand their characteristics for different industrial uses and applications. This study examined numerous experimental samples of polymer solutions using FLOC 24 APAA powder over concentration range of 500-5000 mg/L, and two different electrolytes of NaCl and CaCl₂ were included with concentration range of 1-10 Wt.%. To scrutinize the flow behavior of APAA aqueous solutions, rheological measurements of shear stress and dynamic viscosity versus shear rate were carried out employing MCR 92 rotational rheometer over four temperatures of 20, 40, 60, and 80 °C. The main outcomes of the current study include, firstly, the shear stress increases with both shear rate and APAA concentration. The effect of polymer concentration is mostly notable at shear rate of less than 200 s^-1, above this verge, the shear stress contours are similar regardless of APAA concentration. Secondly, the rheogram contours decline significantly as the temperature rises from 20 °C to 80 °C, attributed to negative thermal effects on molecular cohesion forces of APAA solutions. The APAA solutions generally exhibit shear-thinning behavior up to a critical shear rate, after which a shear-thickening behavior is observed. Thirdly, temperature has a strong negative influence on the reported dynamic viscosity across the tested range of 20 °C to 80 °C. Lastly, the introduction of varying concentrations of NaCl and CaCl₂ salinity consistently leads to a reduction in dynamic viscosity of APAA polymer solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of thermal energy storage for central receiver concentrating solar power plants under charging cycles through structural assessment","authors":"José Luis Torres-Madroñero ,&nbsp;Julian D. Osorio ,&nbsp;Julián Sierra-Pérez ,&nbsp;César Nieto-Londoño","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electricity production by concentrated solar power (CSP) systems has stood out among energy transition alternatives due to their large generation capacity (between 30 MW and 400 MW) and high capacity factor (80%) when incorporating thermal storage systems (TES). Although TES tanks in operation worldwide are made of austenitic steels with remarkable mechanical and anticorrosive properties, operational failures have been reported due to low-cycle fatigue, creep, and the abrupt release of residual stresses generated during tank manufacturing. A critical operation for salt tanks is the initial daily charging operation, given the low fluid level and the thermal gradients between the inventory and the salt entering the tank. This study presents a structural simulation of a 39.6 m-diameter molten salt tank for central receiver CSP plants, accounting for temperature and pressure variations during charging and different sparger ring inlet configurations. The initial pre-stressed condition of the floor, resulting from the manufacture of welded plates, is used as a boundary condition. The fatigue and creep life analyses were performed in accordance with the ASME BPVC and API standards. It was found that the tank’s floor is in a less favourable mechanical condition than the wall, due to its initial manufacturing condition and the maximum temperature differences during charging. A critical zone was identified in an area affected by residual stress on the floor and under the sparger ring. The baseline sparger ring configuration, with 52 2-inch-diameter orifices and a flow direction of 90°, results in an average floor stress of approximately 25 MPa and creep damage after 1.2 years of tank operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic properties of liquid–liquid immiscible mixtures of seawater and directional solvents for the energy and exergy evaluation of DSE desalination systems","authors":"Osama M. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Nawaf F. Aljuwayhel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Directional Solvent Extraction (DSE) is a promising desalination process that can produce fresh water from saline water using low-temperature heat sources. Amines, fatty acids, and ionic liquids were proposed as potential directional solvents—these solvents and seawater form liquid–liquid binary mixtures in a two-phase immiscible system. The energy and exergy analyses of the DSE desalination processes require accurate and consistent thermodynamic properties of these liquid–liquid mixtures. This paper presents a systematic framework for evaluating the thermodynamic properties of two-phase, liquid–liquid immiscible binary solutions consisting of seawater and a potential directional solvent. The property prediction framework includes two main steps: (1) a fundamental Gibbs free energy equation is utilized to evaluate the thermodynamic properties of the pure liquid solvent, while pure water and seawater properties were determined using existing correlations; and (2) The Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) excess Gibbs energy model was used membranes to capture deviations of water–solvent mixtures from ideal solution behavior. The thermodynamic properties of two-phase immiscible mixtures of seawater and octanoic acid as a directional solvent were then determined using the methodology described in this paper. Finally, the thermodynamic properties of liquid–liquid immiscible mixtures of octanoic acid and seawater were used to analyze a basic example of a DSE desalination system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maxwell fluid flow with Gyrotactic microorganisms: Effects of suction reynolds number, activation energy, and nonlinear heat radiation","authors":"Indushri Patgiri ,&nbsp;B. Shankar Goud ,&nbsp;Hussein Maaitah ,&nbsp;Mohamad Y. Mustafa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2026.101560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study is to explore a steady 2-D flow behaviour of Maxwell fluid, focusing on the properties of important factors on temperature, velocity, concentration, and motile microbe density distributions. The roles of suction Reynolds number, energy activation, and nonlinear thermal radiation are discussed. By inserting appropriate similarity variables, governing equations are transformed into dimensionless form, and the resulting nonlinear equations are numerically solved using the bvp4c technique. Graphs depict the impact of various physical factors on temperature, velocity, concentration, and motile microbe density boundary layer profiles. Furthermore, the research shows changes in skin friction coefficients, mass transfer rates, and density numbers. The principal findings of this study show that the Deborah number and magnetic parameter diminish fluid velocity and shear stress. The heat source parameter and Eckert number increase the thickness of the thermal boundary layer. Meanwhile, the Reynolds and Schmidt numbers reduce the concentration dispersion. Furthermore, the bioconvective Schmidt number and motile parameter diminish the density of motile bacteria. Researchers are interested in this fluid model because gyrotactic organisms boost bioconvective mixing, which improves heat and mass transfer; this mechanism is directly applicable to practical systems like bioreactors, wastewater treatment, microfluidic gadgets, and bioenergy generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}