International Journal of Thermofluids最新文献

英文中文

A review of carbon and aluminium nanofluids and elastocaloric materials for heating and cooling applications

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101163

Anesu Nyabadza , Éanna McCarthy , Mayur Makhesana , Saeid Heidarinassab , Lola Azoulay-Younes , Kevin O'Toole , Mercedes Vazquez , Dermot Brabazon

Nanofluids, suspensions of nanoparticles (NPs) in base fluids, enhance heat transfer in heating and cooling applications. Carbon and aluminium based nanofluids are the most promising materials owing to high stability, excellent thermal properties, low cost and high sustainability. This review critically examines the use of aluminium and carbon-based nanofluids, focusing on their synthesis, stability, thermal properties, and practical applications. Incorporating Al₂O₃, AlN, graphene, or C NPs into base fluids like water, methanol and ethylene glycol significantly enhances thermal conductivity and heat transfer performance. Carbon-based NPs added to water can result in up to 5000 W/m.K in thermal conductivity from 0.607 W/m.K. The two main synthesis methods namely one-step and two-step processes are discussed. The review also addresses challenges such as sedimentation, agglomeration, and channel blockage, providing insights into strategies for enhancing nanofluid stability and performance. Another limiting factor is the increased viscosity with increasing NP loading, with studies reporting up to a 138 % rise in fluid viscosity, which substantially raises the pumping power required. Future prospects such as using elastocaloric Ni-Ti alloys together with nanofluids for enhanced and sustainable heat transfer are reviewed.

{"title":"A review of carbon and aluminium nanofluids and elastocaloric materials for heating and cooling applications","authors":"Anesu Nyabadza , Éanna McCarthy , Mayur Makhesana , Saeid Heidarinassab , Lola Azoulay-Younes , Kevin O'Toole , Mercedes Vazquez , Dermot Brabazon","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanofluids, suspensions of nanoparticles (NPs) in base fluids, enhance heat transfer in heating and cooling applications. Carbon and aluminium based nanofluids are the most promising materials owing to high stability, excellent thermal properties, low cost and high sustainability. This review critically examines the use of aluminium and carbon-based nanofluids, focusing on their synthesis, stability, thermal properties, and practical applications. Incorporating Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, AlN, graphene, or C NPs into base fluids like water, methanol and ethylene glycol significantly enhances thermal conductivity and heat transfer performance. Carbon-based NPs added to water can result in up to 5000 W/m.K in thermal conductivity from 0.607 W/m.K. The two main synthesis methods namely one-step and two-step processes are discussed. The review also addresses challenges such as sedimentation, agglomeration, and channel blockage, providing insights into strategies for enhancing nanofluid stability and performance. Another limiting factor is the increased viscosity with increasing NP loading, with studies reporting up to a 138 % rise in fluid viscosity, which substantially raises the pumping power required. Future prospects such as using elastocaloric Ni-Ti alloys together with nanofluids for enhanced and sustainable heat transfer are reviewed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI-heat transfer analysis of casson fluid in uniformly heated enclosure with semi heated baffle

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101148

Khalil Ur Rehman , Wasfi Shatanawi , Lok Yian Yian

The heat transfer in Casson fluid with natural convection claims various applications namely thermal regulation in biological systems, solar collectors, polymer processing, and geothermal applications to mention just a few. Owing to such motivation, we have offered artificial intelligence-based solution outcomes for heat transfer aspects in Casson fluid flow in a partially heated square enclosure with free convection effect. The semi-heated triangular baffle is installed at the center of the cavity. The bottom and right walls have the same amount of heat. The left wall of the cavity is taken cold and the top wall is taken insulated. The surface of triangular baffle and cavity walls are carried with non-slip condition. Finite element method (FEM) with hybrid meshing is used to solve the developed flow equations. AI-based neural networks model is used to examine the variation in Nusselt number for the involved flow parameters. MSE=2.15008e^-6, 5.81476e^-5, and 3.51888e^-4 for training, validation, and testing respectively, suggesting good model performance on Nusselt number data along the bottom and vertical walls. We have observed that the heat transfer coefficient improves as Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers increase. We believe that the present AI-based outcomes will be helpful for predicting natural convection phenomena subject to thermal engineering standpoints.

{"title":"AI-heat transfer analysis of casson fluid in uniformly heated enclosure with semi heated baffle","authors":"Khalil Ur Rehman , Wasfi Shatanawi , Lok Yian Yian","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heat transfer in Casson fluid with natural convection claims various applications namely thermal regulation in biological systems, solar collectors, polymer processing, and geothermal applications to mention just a few. Owing to such motivation, we have offered artificial intelligence-based solution outcomes for heat transfer aspects in Casson fluid flow in a partially heated square enclosure with free convection effect. The semi-heated triangular baffle is installed at the center of the cavity. The bottom and right walls have the same amount of heat. The left wall of the cavity is taken cold and the top wall is taken insulated. The surface of triangular baffle and cavity walls are carried with non-slip condition. Finite element method (FEM) with hybrid meshing is used to solve the developed flow equations. AI-based neural networks model is used to examine the variation in Nusselt number for the involved flow parameters. MSE=2.15008e<sup>-6</sup>, 5.81476e<sup>-5</sup>, and 3.51888e<sup>-4</sup> for training, validation, and testing respectively, suggesting good model performance on Nusselt number data along the bottom and vertical walls. We have observed that the heat transfer coefficient improves as Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers increase. We believe that the present AI-based outcomes will be helpful for predicting natural convection phenomena subject to thermal engineering standpoints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioconvective triple diffusion flow of micropolar nanofluid with suction effects and convective boundary conditions

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101138

Muhammad Bilal Riaz , Kamel Al-Khaled , Adnan , Sami Ullah Khan , Katta Ramesh

This investigation reveals the triple diffusive bioconvective applications subject to micropolar nanofluid flow caused by oscillating stretched surface. The problem is subject to applications of radiative phenomenon and viscous dissipation features. In oscillating stretching surface, the porous medium and suction/injection features are considered. The modeling of flow problem is based on system of partial differential equations (PDE's). Such system is solved with implementation of homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence region is specified against HAM solution. Understanding of flow problem is observed by vary various flow parameters to evaluates the fluid velocity, micro-rotational velocity, temperature field, solutal concentration, nanoparticles concentration and microorganisms profile. The results for skin friction, Nusselt number, solutal Sherwood number, nano-Sherwood number and microorganism's density number are also presented. It has been observed that variation of velocity against time periodically oscillates and magnitude of oscillation declined due to porous parameter and suction/injection constant. The temperature profile enhances due to modified Dufour number and Eckert parameter. Moreover, the solutal concentration reduces due to regular Lewis number.

{"title":"Bioconvective triple diffusion flow of micropolar nanofluid with suction effects and convective boundary conditions","authors":"Muhammad Bilal Riaz , Kamel Al-Khaled , Adnan , Sami Ullah Khan , Katta Ramesh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This investigation reveals the triple diffusive bioconvective applications subject to micropolar nanofluid flow caused by oscillating stretched surface. The problem is subject to applications of radiative phenomenon and viscous dissipation features. In oscillating stretching surface, the porous medium and suction/injection features are considered. The modeling of flow problem is based on system of partial differential equations (PDE's). Such system is solved with implementation of homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence region is specified against HAM solution. Understanding of flow problem is observed by vary various flow parameters to evaluates the fluid velocity, micro-rotational velocity, temperature field, solutal concentration, nanoparticles concentration and microorganisms profile. The results for skin friction, Nusselt number, solutal Sherwood number, nano-Sherwood number and microorganism's density number are also presented. It has been observed that variation of velocity against time periodically oscillates and magnitude of oscillation declined due to porous parameter and suction/injection constant. The temperature profile enhances due to modified Dufour number and Eckert parameter. Moreover, the solutal concentration reduces due to regular Lewis number.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving the thermal performance of a windcatcher employing cooling pipes with annular fins: Numerical evaluation

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101110

Habibollah Ranjbarvavdareh, Vahid Shokri, Yasser Rostamiyan

To improve the thermal performance of a windcatcher, the current work employs three cooling pipes with radial fins as the heat transfer device (HTD) at its entrance. The proposed windcatcher's heat transfer and fluid flow are numerically investigated using commercial computational fluid dynamics software. The effects of geometric parameters of the used HTD, such as (i) the number of radial fins and (ii) the diameter of the radial fins, on the thermal performance of the proposed windcatcher are studied. The current study is unique in that it applies an efficient heat transfer enhancement technique—extended surfaces or fins—to windcatchers' HTD, which previous studies have not investigated. The examination of the effect of radial fins on the performance of the windcatcher, based on various fin diameters and numbers, shows that fins' presence and size significantly impact air velocity and temperature distribution within the system. Results depicted that using radial fins inside windcatchers improves airflow efficiency and thermal performance. The best configuration for airflow lies with the 220 mm fins, while the 300 mm fins show the best cooling effect. Accordingly, the inlet temperature of the models with 220 mm, 260 mm, and 300 mm fins is greater than the simple model (without fin case) by about 4.88 %, 5.69 %, and 8.13 %, respectively. Moreover, the inlet temperature of the models with three, four, and five fins is superior to the simple model by about 4.86 %, 6.88 %, and 8.1 %, respectively. These findings suggest that careful selection of fin size and number is critical for maximizing windcatchers' performance in terms of ventilation and cooling. The insights gained from these results can guide the design of more efficient windcatcher systems for sustainable building applications.

{"title":"Improving the thermal performance of a windcatcher employing cooling pipes with annular fins: Numerical evaluation","authors":"Habibollah Ranjbarvavdareh, Vahid Shokri, Yasser Rostamiyan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the thermal performance of a windcatcher, the current work employs three cooling pipes with radial fins as the heat transfer device (HTD) at its entrance. The proposed windcatcher's heat transfer and fluid flow are numerically investigated using commercial computational fluid dynamics software. The effects of geometric parameters of the used HTD, such as (i) the number of radial fins and (ii) the diameter of the radial fins, on the thermal performance of the proposed windcatcher are studied. The current study is unique in that it applies an efficient heat transfer enhancement technique—extended surfaces or fins—to windcatchers' HTD, which previous studies have not investigated. The examination of the effect of radial fins on the performance of the windcatcher, based on various fin diameters and numbers, shows that fins' presence and size significantly impact air velocity and temperature distribution within the system. Results depicted that using radial fins inside windcatchers improves airflow efficiency and thermal performance. The best configuration for airflow lies with the 220 mm fins, while the 300 mm fins show the best cooling effect. Accordingly, the inlet temperature of the models with 220 mm, 260 mm, and 300 mm fins is greater than the simple model (without fin case) by about 4.88 %, 5.69 %, and 8.13 %, respectively. Moreover, the inlet temperature of the models with three, four, and five fins is superior to the simple model by about 4.86 %, 6.88 %, and 8.1 %, respectively. These findings suggest that careful selection of fin size and number is critical for maximizing windcatchers' performance in terms of ventilation and cooling. The insights gained from these results can guide the design of more efficient windcatcher systems for sustainable building applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parametric enviro-economic analysis of cooling photovoltaic panels with phase change materials

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101151

Tarek Ibrahim , Jalal Faraj , Hicham El Hage , Rani Taher , Samer Ali , Mahmoud Khaled

This study conducts a parametric analysis to evaluate the effects of cooling PV panels using phase change materials (PCM), considering both economic and environmental aspects for two cases: a domestic house and a power plant. The study employs the consumption ratio (R), defined as the ratio between the actual energy consumption of a building and the maximum energy producible by the PV panels, as an indicator of energy use efficiency. Results show that the combined PCM-PV with heat sink (CPCM-PV-HS) system achieved the highest performance, with average energy production values of 634.35 × R kWh and 132,182.7 × R kWh for the domestic house and power plant, respectively. Corresponding economic savings were $272.77 × R and $56,838.57 × R, while reductions in CO₂ emissions averaged 367.92 × R kg and 76,665.97 × R kg The PV panel with PCM (PV-PCM) cooling method recorded the lowest values across all metrics. Additionally, a linear relationship was observed between efficiency enhancements and both savings and CO₂ reductions over the months of the year. This study underscores the potential of PCM-based cooling systems to improve PV panel performance, providing valuable insights for energy efficiency, cost savings, and environmental sustainability.

{"title":"Parametric enviro-economic analysis of cooling photovoltaic panels with phase change materials","authors":"Tarek Ibrahim , Jalal Faraj , Hicham El Hage , Rani Taher , Samer Ali , Mahmoud Khaled","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study conducts a parametric analysis to evaluate the effects of cooling PV panels using phase change materials (PCM), considering both economic and environmental aspects for two cases: a domestic house and a power plant. The study employs the consumption ratio (R), defined as the ratio between the actual energy consumption of a building and the maximum energy producible by the PV panels, as an indicator of energy use efficiency. Results show that the combined PCM-PV with heat sink (CPCM-PV-HS) system achieved the highest performance, with average energy production values of 634.35 × <em>R</em> kWh and 132,182.7 × <em>R</em> kWh for the domestic house and power plant, respectively. Corresponding economic savings were $272.77 × <em>R</em> and $56,838.57 × <em>R</em>, while reductions in CO₂ emissions averaged 367.92 × <em>R</em> kg and 76,665.97 × <em>R</em> kg The PV panel with PCM (PV-PCM) cooling method recorded the lowest values across all metrics. Additionally, a linear relationship was observed between efficiency enhancements and both savings and CO₂ reductions over the months of the year. This study underscores the potential of PCM-based cooling systems to improve PV panel performance, providing valuable insights for energy efficiency, cost savings, and environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Advances in heat transfer science: Enhanced techniques for modern industrial applications

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101145

Ali Alahmer , Ahmed Al-Manea , Raed Al-Rbaihat , Salman Ajib , Khalid Saleh , Adanta Dendy

Heat transfer science plays a fundamental role in various industrial sectors, including energy generation, electronics cooling, and aerospace engineering. As industries advance, the need for more efficient, sustainable, and innovative heat transfer solutions becomes increasingly vital. This special issue, Advances in Heat Transfer Science: Enhanced Techniques for Modern Industrial Applications, presents cutting-edge research on innovative heat transfer solutions, focusing on nanofluids, phase change materials (PCMs), solar energy systems, heat exchangers, and computational modeling. Contributions highlight the use of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids to enhance thermal performance in various geometries, the integration of PCMs for thermal energy storage, and the optimization of solar energy systems through advanced cooling techniques. Additionally, studies on heat exchangers, thermal management systems, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provide insights into geometric modifications, passive and active cooling methods, and numerical modeling for improved thermal performance. By exploring the interplay of magnetic fields, fluid dynamics, and geometric configurations, this issue offers a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in heat transfer science, paving the way for more efficient, sustainable, and innovative industrial applications.

{"title":"Editorial: Advances in heat transfer science: Enhanced techniques for modern industrial applications","authors":"Ali Alahmer , Ahmed Al-Manea , Raed Al-Rbaihat , Salman Ajib , Khalid Saleh , Adanta Dendy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat transfer science plays a fundamental role in various industrial sectors, including energy generation, electronics cooling, and aerospace engineering. As industries advance, the need for more efficient, sustainable, and innovative heat transfer solutions becomes increasingly vital. This special issue, Advances in Heat Transfer Science: Enhanced Techniques for Modern Industrial Applications, presents cutting-edge research on innovative heat transfer solutions, focusing on nanofluids, phase change materials (PCMs), solar energy systems, heat exchangers, and computational modeling. Contributions highlight the use of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids to enhance thermal performance in various geometries, the integration of PCMs for thermal energy storage, and the optimization of solar energy systems through advanced cooling techniques. Additionally, studies on heat exchangers, thermal management systems, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provide insights into geometric modifications, passive and active cooling methods, and numerical modeling for improved thermal performance. By exploring the interplay of magnetic fields, fluid dynamics, and geometric configurations, this issue offers a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in heat transfer science, paving the way for more efficient, sustainable, and innovative industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of local resistance on the accuracy of the air velocity measurement with the air torque position damper

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101155

Siniša Bikić , Nikola Vukadin , Milivoj Radojčin , Ivan Pavkov , Rafat Al Afif

Measuring airflow rate is essential in various industrial and engineering applications. The air torque position (ATP) damper is one device employed for this purpose, indirectly measuring air velocity by assessing the torque exerted by airflow on the blades and their position. This study aims to evaluate the impact of local resistance on the accuracy of airflow velocity measurements using the ATP damper. A laboratory ATP damper with a 250 mm x 250 mm square cross-section was utilized. Three damper designs with flat blades were tested: a single blade, two cross-guided blades, and two blades with one fixed horizontally. Two damper locations were considered: at the end of the ductwork and in the middle, with straight sections both upstream and downstream. A steel sheet reducing the duct's cross-sectional area by 50 % served as a local obstacle, positioned 0.5 m upstream and downstream of the damper. Two independent measurement series were conducted for each setup: one without the local resistance and one with it. Results indicated that local resistance upstream of the damper significantly affects airflow velocity measurement accuracy when the damper's angle of attack is ≤ 30°. This effect was consistent across all damper locations and designs tested. In order to determine the necessary length of straight duct sections without presence of local resistances upstream and downstream the damper, it is necessary in the future to continue research the impact of the presence of local resistance to the accuracy of air flow rate measurements using ATP dampers.

{"title":"The influence of local resistance on the accuracy of the air velocity measurement with the air torque position damper","authors":"Siniša Bikić , Nikola Vukadin , Milivoj Radojčin , Ivan Pavkov , Rafat Al Afif","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Measuring airflow rate is essential in various industrial and engineering applications. The air torque position (ATP) damper is one device employed for this purpose, indirectly measuring air velocity by assessing the torque exerted by airflow on the blades and their position. This study aims to evaluate the impact of local resistance on the accuracy of airflow velocity measurements using the ATP damper. A laboratory ATP damper with a 250 mm x 250 mm square cross-section was utilized. Three damper designs with flat blades were tested: a single blade, two cross-guided blades, and two blades with one fixed horizontally. Two damper locations were considered: at the end of the ductwork and in the middle, with straight sections both upstream and downstream. A steel sheet reducing the duct's cross-sectional area by 50 % served as a local obstacle, positioned 0.5 m upstream and downstream of the damper. Two independent measurement series were conducted for each setup: one without the local resistance and one with it. Results indicated that local resistance upstream of the damper significantly affects airflow velocity measurement accuracy when the damper's angle of attack is ≤ 30°. This effect was consistent across all damper locations and designs tested. In order to determine the necessary length of straight duct sections without presence of local resistances upstream and downstream the damper, it is necessary in the future to continue research the impact of the presence of local resistance to the accuracy of air flow rate measurements using ATP dampers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biohydrogen production from algae: Technical possibilities and economic challenges

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101154

Malek Alkasrawi , Marzieh Bagheri , Nadeen Al-Smadi , Mohamed Al Zarooni

This study explores the potential of biohydrogen production from algae, investigating various technical pathways and addressing associated economic challenges. It reviews methods such as direct photolysis, indirect biophotolysis, gasification, and fermentation for extracting hydrogen from algae while also examining modeling techniques powered by IA. Thermodynamics of these methods are scrutinized for efficiency and viability, with a special emphasis on modeling for optimization. Algae cultivation, crucial for biohydrogen production, is thoroughly examined, detailing parameters like temperature and pH levels and bio-reactor designs. Additionally, the study conducts a Technical Economic Analysis (TEA) to evaluate the economic feasibility of these methodologies, providing insights for stakeholders and policymakers. The review also summarizes the AI approach to optimizing biohydrogen production.

引用次数: 0

The effects of HHO-enriched air on the combustion process and emission variation of simulated-biogas fueled spark ignition engine

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101146

Nguyen Phi Truong , Khanh Nguyen Duc , Trinh Xuan Phong , Nguyen Tuan Nghia

This paper investigates enhancing the operation characteristics and reducing pollutants of a simulated biogas (65 % CH₄ and 35 % CO₂) engine by the implementation of HHO gas. The simulation results showed that the appearance of HHO as an additive in charged air will shorten the ignition delay and combustion duration. HHO combustion lasts 40°, shorter than 44.5° without HHO. The RoHR peaks at 41.68 J/deg at 375 deg CA with HHO, compared to 34.52 J/deg without it. The maximum pressure rise is 1.90 bar/deg for gasoline, 0.97 bar/deg for simulated biogas, and 1.08 bar/deg for HHO-enriched biogas. The peak cylinder pressure was slightly raised from 42.12 bar to 45.73 bar with HHO aid. A system for supplying HHO to the intake manifold of the test engine was devised in a pilot model to conduct experiments. In comparison to the original gasoline engine, the average brake power of the biogas-fueled engine degraded by 39.1 % under full throttle conditions. The coefficient of variation of speed (COV_speed) under idling conditions increased from 0.31 % for gasoline to 1.58 % for the simulated biogas engine. However, as a small volume of HHO was presented in charge air, the biogas-fueled engine's performance and fuel economy improved by 7.86 % and 4.5 % at full-throttle conditions. Engine stability enhanced significantly as the COV_speed reduced from 1.58 % to 0.47 % with the HHO additive. The engine's exhaust emissions changed remarkably when operating with the HHO additive. Specifically, CO was reduced by 20.2 % on average at fully operated throttles and 6.5 % to 19.4 % at a constant speed of 4200 rpm; HC was moderately decreased 14.2 % on average at full throttle conditions and by 18.6 % on average at a constant speed of 4200 rpm; NO_x emissions increased marginally from 9.4 % to 33.4 % at full throttle conditions and an average increase of 35.5 % at a constant speed of 4200 rpm.

{"title":"The effects of HHO-enriched air on the combustion process and emission variation of simulated-biogas fueled spark ignition engine","authors":"Nguyen Phi Truong , Khanh Nguyen Duc , Trinh Xuan Phong , Nguyen Tuan Nghia","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates enhancing the operation characteristics and reducing pollutants of a simulated biogas (65 % CH<sub>4</sub> and 35 % CO<sub>2</sub>) engine by the implementation of HHO gas. The simulation results showed that the appearance of HHO as an additive in charged air will shorten the ignition delay and combustion duration. HHO combustion lasts 40°, shorter than 44.5° without HHO. The RoHR peaks at 41.68 <em>J</em>/deg at 375 deg CA with HHO, compared to 34.52 <em>J</em>/deg without it. The maximum pressure rise is 1.90 bar/deg for gasoline, 0.97 bar/deg for simulated biogas, and 1.08 bar/deg for HHO-enriched biogas. The peak cylinder pressure was slightly raised from 42.12 bar to 45.73 bar with HHO aid. A system for supplying HHO to the intake manifold of the test engine was devised in a pilot model to conduct experiments. In comparison to the original gasoline engine, the average brake power of the biogas-fueled engine degraded by 39.1 % under full throttle conditions. The coefficient of variation of speed (COV<sub>speed</sub>) under idling conditions increased from 0.31 % for gasoline to 1.58 % for the simulated biogas engine. However, as a small volume of HHO was presented in charge air, the biogas-fueled engine's performance and fuel economy improved by 7.86 % and 4.5 % at full-throttle conditions. Engine stability enhanced significantly as the COV<sub>speed</sub> reduced from 1.58 % to 0.47 % with the HHO additive. The engine's exhaust emissions changed remarkably when operating with the HHO additive. Specifically, CO was reduced by 20.2 % on average at fully operated throttles and 6.5 % to 19.4 % at a constant speed of 4200 rpm; HC was moderately decreased 14.2 % on average at full throttle conditions and by 18.6 % on average at a constant speed of 4200 rpm; NO<sub>x</sub> emissions increased marginally from 9.4 % to 33.4 % at full throttle conditions and an average increase of 35.5 % at a constant speed of 4200 rpm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of ceiling fan induced mass flow rate to create uniform temperature distribution in a closed room: A CFD investigation

Q1 Chemical Engineering

International Journal of Thermofluids

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101140

Sushant , Ashok Kumar Yadav , Ashish Dewangan , Osama Khan , Pankaj Kumar Sharma , Niraj Kumar

In the present work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) investigation of a newly developed fan blade of ceiling fan named “New Breeze” is carried out using CFD software ANSYS FLUENT. The moving reference frame technique and realizable k-ε model are used for numerical modeling. The analysis is carried out with blade having a lift angle of 6.5°, blade angle of 5.5°, twist angle of 4.5° and rotation speed of 320 rpm (revolution per minute). The profile of the blade is backward skewed type. The analysis for pressure-velocity coupling is done by SIMPLE algorithm. The k- ε equations which are used for spatial discretization of the momentum are second-order upwind, while first-order upwind are selected for the equation of energy and passive scalar. The aim is to determine the mass flow rate, velocity profile and total pressure of ceiling fan to measure the efficiency of the ceiling fan. Streamlines and contours are plotted to visualize the actual flow of air in a simulated test chamber. Finally, the result of simulation and that of experiment are compared. The mass flow rate of air at fan and closed chamber were 222.99 kg/s and 215 kg/s respectively.

{"title":"Influence of ceiling fan induced mass flow rate to create uniform temperature distribution in a closed room: A CFD investigation","authors":"Sushant , Ashok Kumar Yadav , Ashish Dewangan , Osama Khan , Pankaj Kumar Sharma , Niraj Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) investigation of a newly developed fan blade of ceiling fan named “New Breeze” is carried out using CFD software ANSYS FLUENT. The moving reference frame technique and realizable k-ε model are used for numerical modeling. The analysis is carried out with blade having a lift angle of 6.5°, blade angle of 5.5°, twist angle of 4.5° and rotation speed of 320 rpm (revolution per minute). The profile of the blade is backward skewed type. The analysis for pressure-velocity coupling is done by SIMPLE algorithm. The k- ε equations which are used for spatial discretization of the momentum are second-order upwind, while first-order upwind are selected for the equation of energy and passive scalar. The aim is to determine the mass flow rate, velocity profile and total pressure of ceiling fan to measure the efficiency of the ceiling fan. Streamlines and contours are plotted to visualize the actual flow of air in a simulated test chamber. Finally, the result of simulation and that of experiment are compared. The mass flow rate of air at fan and closed chamber were 222.99 kg/s and 215 kg/s respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermofluids","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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