Influence of liquid lead and lead-bismuth eutectic on three alumina forming austenitic (AFA) steels through slow strain rate testing

IF 2.8 2区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Nuclear Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155415

Christopher Petersson , Peter Szakalos , Rachel Pettersson , Mats Lundberg

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Abstract

Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) in three newly developed alumina-forming austenitic (AFA) alloys, two 50 kg batches and one 5-ton heat, was studied in the temperature range 350–600 °C in liquid Pb and 140–600 °C in LBE using slow strain rate testing (SSRT) in a low-oxygen environment. No significant decrease in the engineering strain was observed in either environment. However, the presence of secondary cracks along the length of the specimen and brittle intergranular areas on the fracture surfaces indicates that the AFA alloys do show a minor degree of embrittlement above 570 °C. This appears to be related to grain boundary wetting by Pb/LBE. At temperatures below 570 °C, this wetting effect does not seem to be strong enough to induce LME in the alloys, and their ability to form a sufficiently protective oxide means that they remain unaffected by LME. The results indicate that the AFA alloy group can perform sufficiently well in liquid Pb/LBE environments, and long-term testing should be carried out to determine their viability as candidate materials for use in Pb- and LBE-based cooling systems.

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通过慢应变速率测试，分析液态铅和铅铋共晶对三种氧化铝奥氏体钢（AFA）的影响

采用低氧环境下的慢应变速率试验（SSRT），研究了三种新开发的氧化铝奥氏体（AFA）合金（两批 50 千克和一批 5 吨热量）的液态金属脆性（LME）。在这两种环境中均未观察到工程应变的明显降低。然而，沿试样长度方向出现的二次裂纹和断裂面上的脆性晶间区域表明，AFA 合金在 570 °C 以上确实出现了轻微程度的脆化。这似乎与 Pb/LBE 的晶界润湿有关。在低于 570 °C 的温度下，这种润湿效应似乎不足以在合金中诱发 LME，而且合金能够形成足够的保护性氧化物，这意味着合金不会受到 LME 的影响。结果表明，AFA 合金组在液态 Pb/LBE 环境中的性能足够好，应进行长期测试，以确定它们是否可作为候选材料用于基于 Pb 和 LBE 的冷却系统。

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来源期刊

Journal of Nuclear Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

25.80%

发文量

601

审稿时长

63 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Nuclear Materials publishes high quality papers in materials research for nuclear applications, primarily fission reactors, fusion reactors, and similar environments including radiation areas of charged particle accelerators. Both original research and critical review papers covering experimental, theoretical, and computational aspects of either fundamental or applied nature are welcome. The breadth of the field is such that a wide range of processes and properties in the field of materials science and engineering is of interest to the readership, spanning atom-scale processes, microstructures, thermodynamics, mechanical properties, physical properties, and corrosion, for example. Topics covered by JNM Fission reactor materials, including fuels, cladding, core structures, pressure vessels, coolant interactions with materials, moderator and control components, fission product behavior. Materials aspects of the entire fuel cycle. Materials aspects of the actinides and their compounds. Performance of nuclear waste materials; materials aspects of the immobilization of wastes. Fusion reactor materials, including first walls, blankets, insulators and magnets. Neutron and charged particle radiation effects in materials, including defects, transmutations, microstructures, phase changes and macroscopic properties. Interaction of plasmas, ion beams, electron beams and electromagnetic radiation with materials relevant to nuclear systems.