The evaluation of competition effect on rail fares using the difference-in-difference method through symmetric and lagged spans

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Abstract

Long-distance railway markets in Europe have become more competitive since the EU liberalisation packages. Countries like Austria, Czechia, Sweden, and Italy have experienced sustained competition, providing valuable insights into how open-access competition works. Italy's non-subsidised high-speed competition is especially interesting to study. While some researchers have studied the minimum price changes before and after a newcomer enters a route, more is needed about the duration of the effect and the impact on all fare types. Our paper estimates the competition's impact by observing the price dynamics of the incumbent company (Trenitalia) for different fare types over an extended period. We examine the Turin-Milan-Venice route where the competitor (Italo) entered the market during observation. We distinguish between different fare types through detailed descriptive analyses of the incumbent company's price behaviour. Using the difference-in-difference method, we obtain estimates of the effect for different time spans and check their robustness.
Two methods are used to design difference-in-difference models: a “classical approach” that compares symmetrical intervals before and after entry and another approach based on the comparison of lagged intervals. The second method compares the specific span with the corresponding one, a year before to exclude the seasonal component. Our findings reveal significant price-reduction effects compared to the price dynamics in other market routes where competition had been introduced.
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通过对称和滞后跨度使用差分法评估竞争对铁路票价的影响
自欧盟实施一揽子自由化计划以来,欧洲长途铁路市场的竞争日趋激烈。奥地利、捷克、瑞典和意大利等国经历了持续的竞争,为了解开放式竞争如何发挥作用提供了宝贵的见解。意大利的无补贴高速竞争尤其值得研究。虽然一些研究人员已经研究了新加入者进入某条线路前后的最低价格变化,但还需要更多关于这种影响的持续时间以及对所有票价类型的影响的研究。我们的论文通过观察现有公司(意大利铁路公司)在一段较长时期内不同票价类型的价格动态来估算竞争的影响。我们研究了都灵-米兰-威尼斯线路,在观察期间,竞争者(意大利铁路公司)进入了该线路市场。我们通过对现有公司的价格行为进行详细的描述性分析来区分不同的票价类型。我们采用两种方法设计差分模型:一种是比较进入市场前后对称区间的 "经典方法",另一种是基于比较滞后区间的方法。第二种方法将特定时间跨度与一年前的相应时间跨度进行比较,以排除季节性因素。我们的研究结果表明,与其他引入竞争的市场路线的价格动态相比,价格下降效果显著。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
8.10%
发文量
41
期刊最新文献
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