Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management最新文献

Predicting the alighting behavior of metro passengers based on the analysis of action features 基于行为特征分析的地铁乘客下客行为预测

IF 2.7 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrtpm.2025.100566

Xiling Lin , Qun Chen , Yan Wang

Due to a lack of seat availability information regarding metro train carriages, passengers constantly move on platforms or inside carriages in search of seats, leading to overcrowding and safety concerns. Informing passengers of available seats and guiding them to less crowded carriages are beneficial for riding. The number of available seats at the next station is determined not only by the number of passengers currently occupying the carriage but also by the number of passengers alighting at the station. This study proposes a predictive framework that uses an optimized random forest model to estimate seat availability by analyzing metro passenger action features to predict alighting behavior. A dataset comprising 2009 passenger samples, encompassing 14 categories and totaling 9228 action features, was collected from video recordings in Changsha metro carriages. SHapley additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis demonstrated that passengers’ actions as they approach the next station—particularly moving toward the carriage exit and standing up—are strong indicators for predicting alighting behavior. Certain combinations of actions, such as “watching the information display” and “standing up” showed superior predictive effectiveness compared with individual occurrences. The predictive model achieves high accuracy in assessing seat availability, contributing to improved service and boarding efficiency.

由于缺乏关于地铁车厢的座位信息，乘客不断在站台或车厢内寻找座位，导致过度拥挤和安全问题。告知乘客有空位，并引导他们到不那么拥挤的车厢，有利于乘车。下一站的可用座位数量不仅取决于当前占用车厢的乘客数量，还取决于在该站下车的乘客数量。本研究提出一个预测框架，利用优化的随机森林模型，通过分析地铁乘客的行为特征来预测乘客的下车行为，从而估计座位的可用性。从长沙地铁车厢的视频记录中收集了包含2009年乘客样本的数据集，包括14个类别和总计9228个动作特征。SHapley加性解释（SHAP）分析表明，乘客接近下一站时的行为——尤其是走向车厢出口和站起来的行为——是预测下车行为的有力指标。某些动作组合，如“观看信息显示”和“站起来”，与单个事件相比，显示出更高的预测效果。该预测模型在评估座位可用性方面达到了很高的准确性，有助于提高服务和登机效率。

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引用次数: 0

WildlifeRailGuard: A novel conservation technology to mitigate train-animal collisions in forest regions WildlifeRailGuard：一种新的保护技术，以减轻森林地区火车与动物的碰撞

IF 2.7 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrtpm.2025.100565

Gayathri N P , Geena Prasad , Chada Narasimha Reddy , Chapa Gagan Dwaz , Guru Aswini Dath , Maitreyee Awasthi , Deepa Indira Nair

The escalating incidences of train-wildlife collisions, especially with elephants, are a real blow to forest-based wildlife conservation efforts. To enable real-time detection of wild animals such as elephants and promptly alert train operators, this study utilizes advanced deep learning algorithms integrated with camera systems installed at strategic locations along the railway tracks. The research proposes the use of WildlifeRailGuard as an innovative solution to address this issue effectively. To enable real-time detection of wild animals, such as elephants, and promptly alert train operators, this study utilizes advanced deep learning algorithms integrated with camera systems installed at strategic locations along railway tracks. Upon receiving alerts, train operators can immediately reduce speed, ensuring the safety of both passengers and wildlife. The proposed WildlifeRailGuard system also contributes to wildlife conservation by leveraging data analytics to generate valuable insights into animal behavior and movement patterns. The use of data analytics tools helps mitigate the negative effects of railway expansion on various animal species, fostering hope for achieving a sustainable balance between railway development and forest conservation.

不断升级的火车与野生动物碰撞事件，尤其是与大象的碰撞，对以森林为基础的野生动物保护工作是一个真正的打击。为了能够实时检测大象等野生动物并及时提醒列车操作员，本研究利用先进的深度学习算法与安装在铁路沿线战略位置的摄像系统相结合。该研究建议使用WildlifeRailGuard作为有效解决这一问题的创新解决方案。为了能够实时检测大象等野生动物，并及时提醒列车操作员，本研究利用先进的深度学习算法与安装在铁路沿线战略位置的摄像系统相结合。一旦收到警报，列车操作员可以立即降低速度，确保乘客和野生动物的安全。拟议中的WildlifeRailGuard系统还通过利用数据分析对动物行为和运动模式产生有价值的见解，从而有助于野生动物保护。数据分析工具的使用有助于减轻铁路扩建对各种动物物种的负面影响，为实现铁路发展与森林保护之间的可持续平衡带来希望。

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引用次数: 0

Reliability evaluation of rail freight transport processes — An agent-based approach combining microscopic rail simulation and freight network logistics 铁路货运过程的可靠性评估——结合微观铁路仿真和货运网络物流的基于代理的方法

IF 2.7 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrtpm.2025.100558

Jakob Geischberger , Norman Weik , Jürgen Pannek

In densely operated European railway networks the trade-off between network utilization and service quality leads to pondering traffic volume against the reliability of services. The perspective on service reliability, however, tends to vary between stakeholders. In this paper, we investigate and assess reliability in railway networks, particularly focusing on the comparison between railway operators and users in freight transport systems: While operators mainly focus on the punctuality of trains, users typically perceive reliability on the level of transportation chains. To combine both perspectives, a new agent-based simulation approach is developed that combines a microscopic domain-specific traffic control simulation incorporating the essential properties of the signaling system with a logistical perspective featuring the flow of goods within the network. The study outlines the methodical steps of model-setup, as well as the implementation on the backbone of an agent-based, open-source simulation environment. The methodology is applied to the German railway network and effects on the two different reliability perspectives are assessed and compared. A significant deviation of transport reliability from train punctuality is observed, highlighting the benefit of incorporating the end-customer perspective in reliability evaluation. It is also found that higher amounts of segments per transportation chain lead to significantly lower reliability.

在密集运营的欧洲铁路网中，网络利用率和服务质量之间的权衡导致了对交通量和服务可靠性的权衡。然而，对服务可靠性的看法往往因涉众而异。在本文中，我们调查和评估了铁路网络的可靠性，特别关注铁路运营商和货运系统用户之间的比较：运营商主要关注列车的准点率，而用户通常在运输链的层面上感知可靠性。为了结合这两种观点，开发了一种新的基于代理的模拟方法，该方法将微观领域特定的交通控制模拟与信号系统的基本属性相结合，并将物流视角与网络内的货物流动相结合。该研究概述了模型建立的系统步骤，以及在基于代理的开源仿真环境的主干上的实现。将该方法应用于德国铁路网，并对两种不同可靠性观点的影响进行了评估和比较。观察到运输可靠性与列车正点率的显著偏差，突出了在可靠性评估中纳入最终客户观点的好处。研究还发现，每条运输链的分段数量越多，可靠性就越低。

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引用次数: 0

An integrated optimization model for energy saving of train speed profile and power unit switching 列车速度剖面与动力单元切换节能一体化优化模型

IF 2.7 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrtpm.2025.100557

Chengcheng Fu, Pengfei Sun, Xinghe Liu, Qingyuan Wang, Xiaoyun Feng

This paper presents an innovative integrated optimization model for the train dynamic traction system efficiency (TDTSE) in power-dispersed trains. The model combines a train kinematics model and a TDTSE model to analyze the potential of power unit switching for improving the train traction system (TTS) efficiency. Sequential optimization (SO) and collaborative optimization (CO) methods are designed to focus on optimizing the energy-saving speed profile and power unit switching strategy. Improved dynamic programming (DP) incorporating coasting conditions serves as the foundation for both CO and SO. Simulation results demonstrate that power unit switching significantly reduces energy losses in the TTS. The proposed improved DP method exhibits superior energy-saving capabilities. Compared to the actual train operation, the SO and CO methods achieved energy savings of 20.34 % and 25.42 %, respectively, with CO performing better.

提出了一种新颖的动力分散列车动力牵引系统效率综合优化模型。该模型结合了列车运动学模型和TDTSE模型，分析了动力单元切换对提高列车牵引系统效率的潜力。序贯优化（SO）和协同优化（CO）方法的重点是优化节能的速度分布和动力单元切换策略。考虑滑行条件的改进动态规划（DP）是CO和SO的基础。仿真结果表明，功率单元切换可显著降低TTS系统的能量损失。所提出的改进DP方法具有较好的节能性能。与列车实际运行情况相比，SO法和CO法分别节能20.34%和25.42%，CO法节能效果更好。

引用次数: 0

The effect of a platform management intervention on the behaviour of passengers: A case study at Lund Central station 站台管理干预对乘客行为的影响：隆德中央车站的案例研究

IF 2.7 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrtpm.2025.100556

Ruben A. Kuipers , Frida Carlvik , Carl-William Palmqvist , Johan Rahm

One of the major causes of dwell time delays is the behaviour of passengers during the alighting and boarding processes, such as an uneven spread of boarding passengers and queues formed in front of the doors. Therefore, changing the behaviour of passengers so that it does not negatively affect the time needed for alighting and boarding is one of the ways to reduce the risk of dwell time delays. Platform management interventions have the potential to induce such a behavioural change, but the real-world impact is not well studied. To fill this gap, the study presented here investigates the effects of a sticker-based platform intervention using video observations from several hundred trains halting at Lund Central Station. We find that the alighting flow rates slightly increased under intervention conditions, with results suggesting that this is due to fewer overlaps in alighting and boarding passenger flows. No statistically significant effects of the intervention on the spread of boarding passengers were found. Our results suggest that changing the behaviour of passengers is likely to be a slow process, requiring additional efforts such as information provision and ensuring that the halting position of a train accurately reflects the information provided by an intervention.

滞留时间延误的主要原因之一是乘客在下飞机和登机过程中的行为，例如登机乘客分布不均和门口排队。因此，改变乘客的行为，使其不会对下车和登机所需的时间产生负面影响，是减少停留时间延误风险的方法之一。平台管理干预有可能诱发这种行为改变，但现实世界的影响尚未得到很好的研究。为了填补这一空白，本文提出的研究利用在隆德中央车站停靠的数百列火车的视频观察，调查了基于贴纸的站台干预的效果。我们发现，在干预条件下，下车流率略有增加，结果表明这是由于下车和登机客流的重叠较少。未发现干预对登机旅客传播的统计学显著影响。我们的研究结果表明，改变乘客的行为可能是一个缓慢的过程，需要额外的努力，如提供信息，并确保火车的停车位置准确地反映了干预所提供的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing periodic stability in railway timetables: A microscopic model for networks with a macroscopic comparison 铁路时刻表周期稳定性优化：一个具有宏观比较的网络微观模型

IF 2.7 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrtpm.2025.100555

Florian Fuchs, Bernardo Martin-Iradi, Francesco Corman

We present a novel microscopic model for railway timetabling designed to maximize periodic stability in mixed single- and multi-track networks. Unlike conventional approaches based on the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem (PESP), our model provides a detailed infrastructure representation with flexible routing and nuanced conflict resolution, enhancing adaptability to real-world constraints and facilitating practical implementation by operators. To ensure scalability, we integrate a Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT)-based approach, which efficiently narrows feasible cycle time bounds, enabling the model to handle large-scale networks. Validated on operational data from the Rhätische Bahn network—a Swiss railway with complex infrastructure—the microscopic model consistently yields lower minimal cycle times than its macroscopic counterpart. The comparative analysis also offers insights into the trade-offs between model detail, computational efficiency, and achievable cycle times across diverse operational scenarios. These findings underscore the importance of infrastructure abstraction and the careful consideration of operational and commercial interdependencies for optimal stability in complex railway networks.

本文提出了一种新的铁路调度微观模型，旨在最大限度地提高单线和多线混合网络的周期稳定性。与基于周期性事件调度问题（PESP）的传统方法不同，我们的模型提供了详细的基础设施表示，具有灵活的路由和细致的冲突解决方案，增强了对现实约束的适应性，并促进了运营商的实际实施。为了确保可扩展性，我们集成了基于可满足模理论（SMT）的方法，该方法有效地缩小了可行周期时间范围，使模型能够处理大规模网络。通过Rhätische Bahn网络（瑞士铁路，拥有复杂的基础设施）的运行数据验证，微观模型始终比宏观模型产生更低的最小周期时间。对比分析还提供了对模型细节、计算效率和不同操作场景下可实现周期时间之间的权衡的见解。这些发现强调了基础设施抽象和仔细考虑运营和商业相互依赖的重要性，以实现复杂铁路网的最佳稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

An iterative fragility-based approach to timetable design 基于迭代脆弱性的时间表设计方法

IF 2.7 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrtpm.2025.100554

Marta Leonina Tessitore , Marcella Samà , Giorgio Sartor , Carlo Mannino , Dario Pacciarelli

To proactively manage disturbances in railway systems, it is crucial to design robust timetables that can effectively absorb secondary delays. In practice, when route planners are tasked to produce a robust timetable, they usually start from an existing timetable and follow a complicated, iterative, and time-consuming trial-and-error process to build a new one. Given the increase in traffic demand, decision support systems are becoming essential to guide practitioners through this complex task. While several robustness measures have been proposed in the last few years, many overlook the impact of dispatching decisions on knock-on delays, limiting their real-world applicability. In this work, we introduce a fragility-based approach to timetable design, inspired by the concept of fragility recently proposed. Our approach focuses on identifying and addressing the most critical sections of the timetable to enhance the overall robustness. Specifically, we show how timetable fragility can be actually exploited by route planners to design new and more robust timetables. We propose a MILP model that aims to enhance timetable robustness by focusing on its most critical part. Considering real-life scenarios from a Norwegian railway line, our iterative approach demonstrates the ability to enhance timetable robustness, even when employing conservative strategies for potential improvements.

为了主动管理铁路系统中的干扰，设计能够有效吸收二次延误的鲁棒时间表至关重要。在实践中，当路线规划者的任务是制定一个健壮的时间表时，他们通常从现有的时间表开始，并遵循一个复杂的、迭代的、耗时的试错过程来建立一个新的时间表。鉴于交通需求的增加，决策支持系统对于指导从业者完成这项复杂的任务变得至关重要。虽然在过去几年中提出了一些鲁棒性措施，但许多措施忽略了调度决策对连锁延迟的影响，限制了它们在现实世界中的适用性。在这项工作中，我们引入了一种基于脆弱性的时间表设计方法，灵感来自于最近提出的脆弱性概念。我们的方法侧重于确定和处理时间表中最关键的部分，以增强整体稳健性。具体来说，我们展示了时间表的脆弱性如何被路线规划者利用来设计新的、更健壮的时间表。我们提出了一个MILP模型，旨在通过关注其最关键的部分来增强时间表的鲁棒性。考虑到挪威铁路线的现实场景，我们的迭代方法证明了增强时间表稳健性的能力，即使在使用保守策略进行潜在改进时也是如此。

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引用次数: 0

A bilevel programming and bargaining game approach to negotiations regarding time on track for railway maintenance 铁路维修轨道时间谈判的双层规划与议价博弈方法

IF 2.7 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrtpm.2025.100552

Richard Schaeffer , Daria Ivina , Gemma Nicholson , Paul Plummer , Sergeĭ Sergeev

Railway maintenance scheduling requires rigorous planning to ensure harmony between the agents involved. The roles of these agents can vary from country to country; however, the infrastructure manager usually oversees the railway operations and controls access to the railway network for maintenance measures. Trackwork requires time free from train traffic — therefore, this will be the main discussion point of this paper. In particular, the negotiations between infrastructure managers and maintenance undertakers regarding time on track in the capacity allocation process. Irrationality in negotiations for time on track is a consequence of the aims and responsibilities of each agent, as well as imbalance of leverage. This paper models the scenario as a Stackelberg game and solves the problem using methods from bilevel optimisation. The model considers factors that affect leverage, such as the urgency of the works and quality of other available options - e.g. outside parties that may be able to provide a better deal, known as the Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement. The results from a worked example using synthetic data provide evidence that there is a significant surplus of utility being left on the table due to non-cooperation between agents, and corrective rather than preventative maintenance.

铁路维修调度需要严格的计划，以确保所涉及的代理人之间的和谐。这些代理人的作用可能因国而异；然而，基础设施经理通常监督铁路运营，并控制进入铁路网络的维护措施。轨道工程需要避开火车交通的时间，因此，这将是本文的主要讨论点。特别是，基础设施管理人员和维护承诺者之间关于容量分配过程中时间的谈判。谈判时间的不合理是各方目标和责任的结果，也是杠杆不平衡的结果。本文将该场景建模为Stackelberg博弈，并使用双层优化方法解决问题。该模型考虑了影响杠杆作用的因素，例如工作的紧迫性和其他可用选项的质量-例如，外部各方可能能够提供更好的交易，称为谈判协议的最佳替代方案。使用合成数据的工作示例的结果提供了证据，表明由于代理之间的不合作以及纠正性维护而不是预防性维护，存在显着的剩余效用。

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引用次数: 0

Conflict detection and resolution in IoT-Enabled railway systems using Petri nets 使用Petri网的物联网铁路系统中的冲突检测和解决

IF 2.7 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrtpm.2025.100553

Steffi , Sunita Kumawat , Sakshi Gupta , Francesco Flammini

Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized sectors such as transportation through enabling smart, interdependent systems that propel operational efficiency, safety, and user experience. Integrating IoT devices, however, into complex systems, for instance, rail networks, exposes such systems to conflict, which negatively impacts performance, safety, and reliability. This paper explores the conflict detection and resolution for IoT-based railway systems using Petri nets, a formal modeling methodology famous for its ability to model and analyze dynamic systems. The current research delves into the inherent challenges of IoT-based railway systems, such as sensor data conflict, network congestion, and interoperability issues between systems. The current work then builds a framework in terms of Petri nets to define the system's components, interaction, and areas of conflict. By modeling the system processes, data flows, and dependencies with Petri nets, the paper identifies conflict scenarios and proposes resolution mechanisms to prevent risks. The key contribution of this paper is the application of Petri net to detect conflicts in real-time by analyzing the operational flow of the system. The paper also proposes a conflict resolution mechanism based on feedback loops and synchronization mechanisms in the Petri net model. By simulation, the research demonstrates that the envisioned framework improves the robustness and reliability of IoT-enabling railway systems while keeping up with effective operations despite the complexities of connecting diverse IoT devices. The paper contributes valuable inputs toward designing resilient IoT-enabled railway systems and establishes grounds for future study in conflict detection and resolution in complex dynamic systems.

物联网（IoT）通过启用智能、相互依赖的系统来提高运营效率、安全性和用户体验，从而彻底改变了交通等行业。然而，将物联网设备集成到复杂的系统（例如铁路网络）中，会使这些系统面临冲突，从而对性能、安全性和可靠性产生负面影响。本文使用Petri网探讨了基于物联网的铁路系统的冲突检测和解决方案，Petri网是一种以建模和分析动态系统的能力而闻名的正式建模方法。目前的研究深入探讨了基于物联网的铁路系统的固有挑战，如传感器数据冲突、网络拥塞和系统之间的互操作性问题。然后，当前的工作根据Petri网构建一个框架，以定义系统的组件、交互和冲突区域。通过对系统过程、数据流和依赖关系进行Petri网建模，本文确定了冲突场景，并提出了防范风险的解决机制。本文的主要贡献是通过分析系统的操作流程，将Petri网应用于实时冲突检测。在Petri网模型中提出了一种基于反馈回路和同步机制的冲突解决机制。通过仿真，研究表明，设想的框架提高了支持物联网的铁路系统的鲁棒性和可靠性，同时在连接各种物联网设备的复杂性下保持有效运营。本文为设计具有弹性的物联网铁路系统提供了宝贵的投入，并为未来在复杂动态系统中进行冲突检测和解决的研究奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Train rescheduling with consideration of passenger reservicing during severe disruptions 在严重交通中断时重新安排列车并考虑乘客的保留情况

IF 2.7 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrtpm.2025.100551

Junduo Zhao , Haiying Li , Lingyun Meng , Xiaojie Luan , Andrea D'Ariano

Train dispatching is critical for ensuring the punctuality and reliability in passenger transportation, especially in railway systems with a seat reservation mechanism, such as that in China. In the presence of a disruption, e.g., a 4-h segment blockage, passengers holding reservations on disrupted trains face significant travel plan alterations. As the flexibility for these stranded passengers to self-shift to alternative travel times and/or modes is often limited with pre-booked tickets and infrequent services, they are very likely to wait for their reserved trains for a long time, causing negative consequences on passenger satisfaction. In this study, we propose a method to address this rescheduling problem from the perspective of passenger reservicing. Measures of adding extra stops and inserting extra trains are conditionally used with the limitation of an effective time window (ETW), alongside retiming, reordering, and local-rerouting, to offer alternative travel options for stranded passengers, enabling them to reach their destinations with minimal delays. To accurately capture the limitation of ETW, we reconstructed the space-time network by introducing an alternative arc set, followed by formulating an ILP model. This NP-hard problem is then solved using a Lagrangian relaxation solution method, which integrates a decomposition approach, a label correcting algorithm, and a heuristic algorithm. We also conduct computational experiments on the Chinese high-speed railway network to validate the feasibility, effectiveness, and efficiency of our proposed method, and perform experimental analysis to help dispatchers to make more informed decisions in daily operations.

列车调度对于确保旅客运输的准时性和可靠性至关重要，特别是在像中国这样有座位预留机制的铁路系统中。在出现中断的情况下，例如，4小时段堵塞，持有中断列车预订的乘客面临重大的旅行计划改变。由于这些滞留乘客自行转换其他旅行时间和/或方式的灵活性往往受到预先预订的车票和不频繁的服务的限制，他们很可能会等待他们预订的火车很长时间，对乘客满意度造成负面影响。在本研究中，我们提出了一种从旅客预订角度来解决这一问题的方法。在有效时间窗口（ETW）的限制下，有条件地使用增加站点和增加列车的措施，以及重新计时、重新排序和局部改道，为滞留旅客提供其他旅行选择，使他们能够以最小的延误到达目的地。为了准确地捕捉ETW的局限性，我们通过引入替代弧集重构了时空网络，然后建立了ILP模型。然后使用拉格朗日松弛解方法解决这个np困难问题，该方法集成了分解方法、标签校正算法和启发式算法。我们还对中国高速铁路网进行了计算实验，验证了我们提出的方法的可行性、有效性和效率，并进行了实验分析，以帮助调度员在日常运营中做出更明智的决策。

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引用次数: 0