{"title":"Maternal characteristics impact the relationship between fetal sex and superimposed preeclampsia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.preghy.2024.101165","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Associations between female fetal sex and preeclampsia occurring preterm have been reported but data is inconsistent across populations. We explored if the relationship between fetal sex and various hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is modified by maternal characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing data from 43,737 singleton pregnancies. A modified Poisson regression model with robust error variance was used to calculate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between female fetal sex and HDP.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Models were adjusted for maternal age, smoking, body mass index, and gravidity. Relative excess risk due to interaction examined interaction between maternal characteristics and female fetal sex, on risk of HDP.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Female fetal sex was marginally associated with superimposed preeclampsia (RR<sub>adj.</sub> 1.13, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.00 – 1.28) but no other associations were observed. There was interaction between female fetal sex and advanced maternal age (>35 years), obesity, and parity. After stratifying by these variables, those with a female fetus and advanced maternal age had an increased risk of superimposed preeclampsia (RR<sub>adj.</sub> 1.29, 95 %CI 1.05–1.58). We observed a similar trend among parous (RR<sub>adj.</sub> 1.15, 95 %CI 1.00–1.34), foreign-born (RR<sub>adj.</sub> 1.20, 95 %CI 1.00–1.44), and obese (RR<sub>adj.</sub> 1.27, 95 %CI 1.03–1.35) individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Female fetuses may respond differently to underlying maternal characteristics influencing risk of superimposed preeclampsia, but no other associations were observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48697,"journal":{"name":"Pregnancy Hypertension-An International Journal of Womens Cardiovascular Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pregnancy Hypertension-An International Journal of Womens Cardiovascular Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210778924001922","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objectives
Associations between female fetal sex and preeclampsia occurring preterm have been reported but data is inconsistent across populations. We explored if the relationship between fetal sex and various hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is modified by maternal characteristics.
Study design
We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing data from 43,737 singleton pregnancies. A modified Poisson regression model with robust error variance was used to calculate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between female fetal sex and HDP.
Main outcome measures
Models were adjusted for maternal age, smoking, body mass index, and gravidity. Relative excess risk due to interaction examined interaction between maternal characteristics and female fetal sex, on risk of HDP.
Results
Female fetal sex was marginally associated with superimposed preeclampsia (RRadj. 1.13, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.00 – 1.28) but no other associations were observed. There was interaction between female fetal sex and advanced maternal age (>35 years), obesity, and parity. After stratifying by these variables, those with a female fetus and advanced maternal age had an increased risk of superimposed preeclampsia (RRadj. 1.29, 95 %CI 1.05–1.58). We observed a similar trend among parous (RRadj. 1.15, 95 %CI 1.00–1.34), foreign-born (RRadj. 1.20, 95 %CI 1.00–1.44), and obese (RRadj. 1.27, 95 %CI 1.03–1.35) individuals.
Conclusions
Female fetuses may respond differently to underlying maternal characteristics influencing risk of superimposed preeclampsia, but no other associations were observed.
期刊介绍：
Pregnancy Hypertension: An International Journal of Women''s Cardiovascular Health aims to stimulate research in the field of hypertension in pregnancy, disseminate the useful results of such research, and advance education in the field.
We publish articles pertaining to human and animal blood pressure during gestation, hypertension during gestation including physiology of circulatory control, pathophysiology, methodology, therapy or any other material relevant to the relationship between elevated blood pressure and pregnancy. The subtitle reflects the wider aspects of studying hypertension in pregnancy thus we also publish articles on in utero programming, nutrition, long term effects of hypertension in pregnancy on cardiovascular health and other research that helps our understanding of the etiology or consequences of hypertension in pregnancy. Case reports are not published unless of exceptional/outstanding importance to the field.
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