{"title":"Theoretical and experimental study of the transmission of Laguerre-Gaussian vortex beams in thyroid tissue","authors":"Kangle Yong , Lu Yang , Yamei Luo , Ling Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111918","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents both experimental and theoretical research on the transmission properties of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) vortex beams in thyroid tissue. LG vortex beams with higher topological charges <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> have a greater ability to preserve their vortex characteristics in biological tissue turbulence. The scintillation index of vortex beams is lower than that of Gaussian beams, and scintillation index decreases as the topological charge increases. The experimental results demonstrated that the attenuation coefficient <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> of normal thyroid tissue is higher than that of thyroid cancer tissue. For example, the vortex beam with <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span> exhibits an attenuation coefficient of 102.44 <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> when the laser is transmitted through normal thyroid tissue, while the <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> is 92.08 <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> when the laser is transmitted through thyroid cancer tissue. The attenuation coefficient <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> decrease with higher values of fractal dimension <span><math><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span> and refractive index <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></math></span>, and also decreases as correlation length <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>l</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> decrease. The parameters <span><math><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>l</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> exert a significant influence on the attenuation coefficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 111918"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optics and Laser Technology","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030399224013768","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"OPTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
This paper presents both experimental and theoretical research on the transmission properties of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) vortex beams in thyroid tissue. LG vortex beams with higher topological charges have a greater ability to preserve their vortex characteristics in biological tissue turbulence. The scintillation index of vortex beams is lower than that of Gaussian beams, and scintillation index decreases as the topological charge increases. The experimental results demonstrated that the attenuation coefficient of normal thyroid tissue is higher than that of thyroid cancer tissue. For example, the vortex beam with exhibits an attenuation coefficient of 102.44 when the laser is transmitted through normal thyroid tissue, while the is 92.08 when the laser is transmitted through thyroid cancer tissue. The attenuation coefficient decrease with higher values of fractal dimension and refractive index , and also decreases as correlation length decrease. The parameters and exert a significant influence on the attenuation coefficient.
本文介绍了拉盖尔-高斯（LG）涡旋束在甲状腺组织中传输特性的实验和理论研究。拓扑电荷 m 越高的 LG 涡旋束在生物组织湍流中保持其涡旋特性的能力越强。涡旋光束的闪烁指数低于高斯光束，闪烁指数随着拓扑电荷的增加而降低。实验结果表明，正常甲状腺组织的衰减系数μt高于甲状腺癌组织。例如，当激光穿过正常甲状腺组织时，m=4 的涡旋光束的衰减系数为 102.44 mm-1，而当激光穿过甲状腺癌组织时，μt 为 92.08 mm-1。衰减系数μt随分形维数D和折射率n值的增大而减小，并随相关长度lc的减小而减小。参数 D 和 lc 对衰减系数有显著影响。
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