First metal part 3D printed in space

Abstract

Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, is promising for the production of tools, components and spare parts directly in space, reducing the need for frequent resupply missions. However, 3D printing in microgravity is challenging owing to issues such as unpredictable material behaviour and difficult extrusion control. Recently, the European Space Agency demonstrated the first successful printing of a metal component in microgravity conditions. The metal 3D printer, built by Airbus and partners, arrived on the International Space Station in January 2024 and, after installation and testing, was successfully used to print a metal part from stainless steel wire. The mechanical properties of this initial sample will now be compared with those of an identical sample made on Earth to assess how microgravity impacts the 3D printing performance of metal parts.