{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of hydrothermal performance of a porous minichannel heat sink using RSM and NSGA-II algorithm","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109600","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The key considerations in developing heat sinks for the thermal management of electronic devices are enhancing heat transfer and minimizing entropy generation. This study aims to achieve significant cooling capability with reduced irreversibility by integrating nanofluids and porous media within a circular minichannel heat sink. This heat sink (40 × 40 × 10 mm) is composed of aluminum and is designed to operate within Reynolds numbers of 300–1300, featuring a bronze porous substrate and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/water nanofluid coolant. ANSYS Fluent was utilized for computational fluid dynamics simulations, while the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II was employed to optimize hydrothermal performance. The investigation examined key input parameters, including volume flow rate (Q), nanofluid concentration (φ), porosity (∊), and channel count (n) to optimize the responses: Nusselt number and entropy generation. Latin hypercube sampling is utilized to explore the design space, while Response Surface Methodology developed regression models linking objectives and design variables. The findings demonstrated that a porous channel increases the Nusselt number by approximately 515.12 % and reduces entropy generation by 83.65 % compared to a non-porous channel (∊=1). Moreover, the optimal trade-off between objective functions suggests that enhancing the volume flow rate while reducing the nanofluid concentration, porosity level, and channel count significantly improves the hydrothermal performance of heat sink. Additionally, the optimal Pareto front indicates superior cooling performance with design variables set to Q = 3.239 cm<sup>3</sup>/s, φ = 1 %, ∊=0.75, and n = 05. This configuration yields a 23.8 % increase in Nusselt number and a 25.2 % decrease in entropy generation compared to the reference study (Q = 0.841 cm<sup>3</sup>/s, φ = 1 %, ∊=0.75, and n = 05).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142727X24003254","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The key considerations in developing heat sinks for the thermal management of electronic devices are enhancing heat transfer and minimizing entropy generation. This study aims to achieve significant cooling capability with reduced irreversibility by integrating nanofluids and porous media within a circular minichannel heat sink. This heat sink (40 × 40 × 10 mm) is composed of aluminum and is designed to operate within Reynolds numbers of 300–1300, featuring a bronze porous substrate and Fe3O4/water nanofluid coolant. ANSYS Fluent was utilized for computational fluid dynamics simulations, while the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II was employed to optimize hydrothermal performance. The investigation examined key input parameters, including volume flow rate (Q), nanofluid concentration (φ), porosity (∊), and channel count (n) to optimize the responses: Nusselt number and entropy generation. Latin hypercube sampling is utilized to explore the design space, while Response Surface Methodology developed regression models linking objectives and design variables. The findings demonstrated that a porous channel increases the Nusselt number by approximately 515.12 % and reduces entropy generation by 83.65 % compared to a non-porous channel (∊=1). Moreover, the optimal trade-off between objective functions suggests that enhancing the volume flow rate while reducing the nanofluid concentration, porosity level, and channel count significantly improves the hydrothermal performance of heat sink. Additionally, the optimal Pareto front indicates superior cooling performance with design variables set to Q = 3.239 cm3/s, φ = 1 %, ∊=0.75, and n = 05. This configuration yields a 23.8 % increase in Nusselt number and a 25.2 % decrease in entropy generation compared to the reference study (Q = 0.841 cm3/s, φ = 1 %, ∊=0.75, and n = 05).
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow welcomes high-quality original contributions on experimental, computational, and physical aspects of convective heat transfer and fluid dynamics relevant to engineering or the environment, including multiphase and microscale flows.
Papers reporting the application of these disciplines to design and development, with emphasis on new technological fields, are also welcomed. Some of these new fields include microscale electronic and mechanical systems; medical and biological systems; and thermal and flow control in both the internal and external environment.