International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow最新文献

{"title":"Hybrid photovoltaic–thermal and solar thermal collectors with integrated phase change materials: toward sustainable greenhouse energy systems","authors":"Soroush Entezari ,&nbsp;Meysam Khatibi ,&nbsp;Mikhail Sorin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greenhouses require substantial energy for heating, cooling, and electricity, yet current renewable solutions rarely provide all three simultaneously. Most existing systems supply either thermal or electrical output and lack integrated storage, creating mismatches between solar availability and greenhouse demand and reinforcing dependence on fossil fuels. This study addresses this problem by developing and analyzing a hybrid photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) and solar thermal (ST) collector system integrated with phase change materials (PCMs) for combined power generation and heat storage in greenhouse applications. A three-dimensional numerical model examines the effects of PCM type (RT21, RT31, RT35) and heat transfer fluid flow rate under typical summer conditions in Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada. Results indicate that low-melting PCMs (RT21) achieve rapid phase change before solar noon, offering early-day cooling but limited afternoon buffering. Conversely, higher-melting PCMs (RT31, RT35) extend heat absorption throughout peak irradiance, optimizing PV thermal regulation. Parametric analysis reveals that reduced HTF flow rates maximize PCM utilization and outlet temperatures, whereas higher flow rates prioritize electrical stability. Exergy results indicate a fundamental trade-off: RT21 maximizes daily-average thermal exergy through superior temperature gradients, while RT35 optimizes electrical exergy by maintaining lower cell temperatures. Increasing HTF flow rate enhances electrical exergy but reduces thermal exergy by lowering the temperature level of the delivered heat. A 100 m² installation yields approximately 455 kWh/day of thermal energy and 35.5 kWh/day of electricity (July/August), satisfying nearly all thermal loads and 30–34% of electrical demand. This configuration achieves a significant mitigation of 77–78 kg CO₂e/day, primarily through the displacement of carbon-intensive natural gas heating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modelling of heat and mass transfer during vapour condensation in porous media: Insights from neutron tomography","authors":"Arash Nemati ,&nbsp;Philippe Séchet ,&nbsp;Bratislav Lukić ,&nbsp;Matthieu Briffaut","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moisture condensation in porous media influences heat and mass transport in natural and engineered systems, with implications for energy, environmental, and material applications. This study presents a new framework for analysing coupled heat and mass transfer during vapour condensation in porous materials. The Darcy-scale model, formulated under local thermal equilibrium, incorporates multiphase flow, phase change, and heat transport through standard capillary and permeability relationships. A finite-volume solver was implemented in OpenFOAM to couple heat and vapour transport via a temperature-dependent vapour saturation relationship. An analytical solution for the immobile case, where the condensed liquid remains stationary, defines an effective Péclet number that quantifies the competition between advective and diffusive transport of both heat and vapour. Together with the capillary number (relevant in mobile regimes), representing the balance between pressure and capillary forces, these parameters help classify the condensation regimes. Simulation results reveal that near the condensation front, water flux is driven by capillarity, while farther behind, pressure gradients from vapour injection dominate. Higher effective Péclet numbers yield sharper condensation fronts, while higher capillary numbers enhance liquid spreading near the front. Validation using time-resolved neutron tomography and prior numerical results confirms the ability of the model to capture key condensation mechanisms. The framework also extends to heterogeneous media with fractures, where condensation concentrates near the fracture and gradually diffuses into the surrounding matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of thermal counterflow in superfluid helium: converging/diverging, hyperbolic/elliptical, and forward/backward steps channels","authors":"Hamid Yousefi,&nbsp;Hossein Afshin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the thermal counterflow of superfluid helium is numerically simulated within converging/diverging, hyperbolic/elliptic, and forward/backward step channels —all possessing identical length and volume— in order to gain deeper insight into how channel geometry influences heat transport, thereby supporting improved engineering and design of high-performance heat exchangers. Simulations were performed using the two-fluid model incorporating the Gorter-Mellink mutual friction formulation under varying ratios of maximum to minimum channel height. The newly developed Super-PIMPLE algorithm—previously proposed for coupling the momentum equations of the components with pressure—has also been employed here. Unlike many similar studies, common simplifications have been avoided, and the results have been validated through a four-stage verification process. Key performance indicators, including maximum temperature difference, thermal resistance, effective thermal conductivity, pressure drop, maximum Reynolds number, component velocity difference, and density ratio, were evaluated and compared across the different geometries. The results indicate that, in general, the straight channel yields the lowest thermal gradient (i.e., minimal thermal resistance and highest effective thermal conductivity). When low thermal resistance is prioritized, but a straight channel is not feasible, the elliptic geometry proves to be a more suitable choice. Furthermore, when the cross-section of the heat flux input is not aligned with the isothermal cross-section, it is preferable for the heat flux to be applied at the smaller cross-sectional area; in such cases, step geometries are more advantageous than nozzles/diffusers. The maximum temperature difference in the nozzle geometry is approximately 16.8 times greater, and in the elliptic channel, approximately 3.8 times greater than that of the straight channel. While all non-straight configurations generally exhibit higher pressure drop compared to the straight channel, a notable exception occurs in the hyperbolic geometry. In certain cases, due to the suppression of vortices and oscillatory flows, the pressure drop is reduced by about 64.9% compared to the straight channel. Overall, when minimizing pressure drop is the primary objective, the hyperbolic channel is preferable to the straight geometry. The highest component velocity difference and mutual friction were observed in the converging channel. In nozzle and backward-step geometries, the mean temperature is higher, and the normal fluid fraction is more dominant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A numerical study of a coupled heat transfer process with dual moving domains","authors":"Jaya Joshi,&nbsp;Kalpana Kumari,&nbsp;Rajeev","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mathematical framework of the lyophilization (Freeze-drying) process belongs to the class of the Stefan problems. The broad applicability of the freeze-drying (FD) process in various industrial and pharmaceutical systems demands a detailed investigation of the process. It is observed that the influence of the size-dependent permeability remains unexplored in the scope of the FD process. This article presents a mathematical formulation of the FD process, incorporating the effects of vapor permeability as a function of the size of the region and molar diffusivity as a function of the molar concentration. The effect of the convective term arising from the moisture distribution of water vapor in the desorbed region is also explored. The mathematical formulation of the considered phase change process includes two continuously moving time-related interfaces. These moving interfaces bring major complexity to the problem. Therefore, a transformed form of Fibonacci wavelets is introduced to tackle the dual moving interfaces. The results show that the solution obtained from the proposed Fibonacci wavelet collocation method (FWCM) is sufficiently equal to the analytical solution. It is identified that the accuracy of the proposed method strengthens with an increasing degree of Fibonacci wavelets. The results demonstrate that the size-related vapor permeability increases the speed of the primary drying phase, whereas it slows down the secondary drying phase. This shows that the size dependent vapor permeability contributes to the higher kinetic energy of the particles in the primary drying region <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>ζ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>τ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mrow><mi>ζ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>τ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, whereas the particles in the desorption region <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mrow><mi>ζ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>τ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> experience a loss in the phase change energy when the vapor permeability varies with the size of the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A physics-informed neural network coupling framework for predicting heat and mass transfer characteristics of grains","authors":"Hanru Liu ,&nbsp;Tianqi Tang ,&nbsp;Yurong He ,&nbsp;Ming Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grain drying is a critical process in agricultural engineering, where optimizing drying efficiency and ensuring product quality depend on accurately understanding the internal temperature and moisture distribution. To obtain the dynamic evolution of internal microscopic information, this study developed a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) coupling framework. By integrating the interaction between temperature and moisture, along with transfer learning, this framework can predict the spatiotemporal evolution of grain temperature and moisture under various drying conditions. The result shows that compared with purely data-driven neural networks (DNN), the PINN coupling framework with added physical constraints achieves lower prediction errors when applied to unknown data. Under the drying condition of 333.15 K, the prediction accuracy of particle temperature and humidity by PINN are improved by 62.4% and 55.3%, respectively, compared with DNN. Furthermore, incorporating transfer learning into the PINN framework significantly improves computational efficiency, enabling the model to adapt more effectively to varying drying conditions. The proposed computational framework offers an innovative approach to explore and predict the dynamic evolution of temperature and moisture in agricultural materials, providing a valuable tool for optimizing drying processes in agriculture and related applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on combined thermal protection performance of film cooling with silica aerogel","authors":"Fei He,&nbsp;Caiyi He,&nbsp;Shupeng Xie,&nbsp;Yatong Zhao,&nbsp;Juntao Xv,&nbsp;Mu Li,&nbsp;Tianle Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal insulation capability and stability of thermal protection materials in high-temperature environments are critical to the aero-engine thermal protection. This study uses silica aerogel (SA) as thermal barrier coating (TBC) to investigate its combined thermal protection performance with film cooling. Firstly, thermal conductivity test shows SA can maintain a quite low conductivity value (0.018–0.034 W/(m K)) under a large temperature range, confirming its excellent insulation capability.<!--> <!-->Subsequently, experimental and numerical investigations were conducted on single film cooling, single SA passive cooling, and SA-film combined cooling under various operating conditions, and the active–passive combined thermal protection characteristics were systematically analyzed<!--> <!-->at different SA thickness and coolant blowing ratios. Results indicate that SA-film combined cooling exhibits excellent thermal protection capability, and the cooling efficiency at different zones is significantly enhanced. The combined cooling structure’s internal efficiency increases with SA thickness and blowing ratio, but excessive SA thickness impairs surface temperature uniformity and hot-side surface cooling efficiency. Non-uniform SA thickness can significantly reduce the counter-rotating vortex pair downstream of the film holes while enhancing the anti-counter-rotating vortex pair, and improve the active cooling efficiency. The SA-film combined cooling structure with graded increasing SA thickness maintains high cooling efficiency within the film plate while minimizing the coating surface temperature, achieving optimal comprehensive cooling effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topology optimization of microchannel heat sinks with different Inlet-outlet Widths: 2D optimization and 3D numerical validation","authors":"Xiao-Mei Jin,&nbsp;Ji-Kai Shao,&nbsp;Zeng-Yao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although received considerable attention in microchannel heat sinks of thermal management systems, current topology optimizations have primarily concentrate on enhancing the thermohydraulic performance through internal channel redesign while maintaining fixed inlet and outlet configurations. In this study, the 2D topology optimization of microchannel heat sinks with different inlet and outlet widths is investigated based on the variable density method, with the aim of maximizing the total heat generation and minimizing the total power consumption. The influences of thermal objective weights and Reynolds numbers on topology optimization results are explored in detail. Meanwhile, the 3D numerical simulation is performed to validate the 2D optimized topology. It is demonstrated that the optimized Z-type flow arrangement microchannel heat sink with inlet and outlet both having half the width of the design domain can substantially enhance the thermohydraulic performance, and achieve a 46.4–62.2% reduction in pumping power with the lowest temperature of the bottom wall, compared to the conventional one.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of transmission-line icing based on Euler method and comparative analysis of multiple methods","authors":"Wuyue Zang ,&nbsp;Feng Xu ,&nbsp;Zhongdong Duan ,&nbsp;Jinping Ou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an icing model of a transmission line is established by using the secondary development of the Fluent user-defined scalar (UDS) transport equation. An Eulerian two-phase flow model is established by using the UDS transport equation framework to determine the impact of water droplets and the local water-droplet collection coefficient. As per the Messinger thermodynamic equilibrium principle, a user-defined function is developed to assess the icing amount on the microelements of the wire surface and convert it into the ice thickness. To verify the accuracy of the results, the calculation reference values, results, and procedures of the Lagrangian and Euler methods developed by using the discrete phase model are compared and analyzed. The two-dimensional three-dimensional results are compared to determine the relationship between the three-dimensional effect and particle size of the water droplets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization for maximizing thermohydraulic performance and minimizing entropy generation in finned-tube heat exchangers","authors":"Luan Nguyen Thanh ,&nbsp;An Quoc Hoang ,&nbsp;Le Minh Nhut","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the impact of flat tube aspect ratio and inclined tube arrangement on the thermohydraulic properties and entropy generation in a finned-tube heat exchanger under air flow conditions with a low Reynolds number. Furthermore, this study determines the optimal parameters by maximizing thermohydraulic performance and minimizing entropy generation, aiming to provide valuable orientation for the efficient design of finned-tube heat exchangers using flat tubes for application in the air-cooled condensers of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. The influence of Reynolds number (Re = 125 − 315), tube aspect ratio (e_f = 0.4 − 0.6), and rotation angle (θ = 0 − 30^ο) was considered. Multi-objective optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results indicated that the increase in the Reynolds number increased the heat transfer rate (HTR), pressure loss, and entropy generation. Increasing the tube aspect ratio increased pressure loss and entropy generation. The HTR and entropy generation change significantly when the tube arrangement is inclined. However, the variation trend depends on the value of the rotation angle and Reynolds number. The results of multi-objective optimization revealed the optimal parameters of Re = 125.9, e_f = 0.4, and θ = 6.6^ο. These optimal parameters yielded a THP of 1.249, increased the HTC by 11.91 %, and decreased the entropy generation by 2.54 % compared to the reference configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swirl air jets for high heat transfer in solar collectors","authors":"Nagendra Kumar,&nbsp;Satyender Singh,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar,&nbsp;Ranchan Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2026.110270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present experimental work, an array of swirl air jets impinging on hot absorber plate is investigated to improve the heat transfer in solar air heater. Swirling nozzles are designed and 3D printed to obtain different velocity and diameter of the air swirls. Various geometrical parameters related to swirling nozzles, such as height of nozzle <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>30</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>≤</mo><mi>H</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>50</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and number of helix <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>ξ</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> for three different types of nozzles, i.e., smooth non-swirling (N₁), with twisted tap helix (N₂), and with twisted tap helix and central tube (N₃). The nozzle, N₃ presents a novel design that incorporates both smooth in the center and swirl (helix) configuration around to remove the heated zone that commonly left at the central region in swirl jet impingement. Thermal performance of solar air heater (SAH) for all three nozzles is analyzed and compared for the range of mass flow rate, i.e., <span><math><mrow><mn>0.01</mn><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>≤</mo><mover><mi>m</mi><mo>̇</mo></mover><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.025</mn><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span>. The results revealed high thermal performance for N₃ which is obtained as 93% and about 40% high in comparison to non-swirling nozzle, N1. Hence, using nozzle, N₃ about 9.5% enhancement is noticed in the thermal performance for the variation in H from 30 to 50 mm. The trends of thermohydraulic efficiency delineated the dominance of N₃ over other nozzle designs at lower mass flow rate and obtained as 68%, when H = 50 mm and <span><math><mi>ξ</mi></math></span> = 2. However, this investigation presents a novel insight in terms of different nozzles design and way forward in the improvement of thermal performance of SAH utilizing mixed swirls and air jets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 110270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}