Adsorption and gas sensing properties of CH4, C2H2, and C2H4 dissolved gases in transformer oil on Pdn(n = 1–4)-doped WTe2 monolayers: A DFT study

Abstract

This paper investigates the potential of palladium (Pd) and its clusters-doped tungsten ditelluride (WTe₂) monolayer materials for the detection of dissolved gases (such as CH₄, C₂H₂, and C₂H₄) in transformer oil. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the effect of Pd_n (n = 1–4) doping on the gas sensing and adsorption properties of WTe₂ monolayer materials. The results show that Pd_n doping can significantly improve the adsorption capacity and gas sensing performance of WTe₂ to these gas molecules, especially showing excellent performance in detecting acetylene and ethylene. Studies have shown that Pd_n doping improves the electrical conductivity of WTe₂, making it more suitable for the development of gas sensors. Through the calculation of state density, molecular orbital and charge density difference, the adsorption mechanism of Pd_n-doped WTe₂ monolayer to different gas molecules was revealed. This study provides a theoretical basis and guidance for the development of efficient sensor materials for fault gas detection in transformer oil. In conclusion, the proposed Pd-doped WTe₂ monolayer demonstrates promising potential for detecting dissolved gases in transformer oil. Future work will focus on experimental validation and further optimization of the material’s sensitivity and selectivity towards other gas species.