Control resonant excitation of surface plasmon polariton in quantum-dot molecule system via tunneling induced transparency and Autler–Townes splitting

Abstract

Electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) both produce a transparency window in an absorption profile, yet EIT is distinct in that it can create a transparency window for a weak control field. To elucidate the distinct physical mechanisms underlying EIT and ATS effects, we explore the controlled resonant excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) within these regimes. Our setup is composed of three layers: a top vacuum or air layer, a central metal film, and a bottom layer of dielectric medium based on the quantum-dot molecules (QDMs) system. Unlike typical systems, that employ prism or grating coupling scheme, our setup takes advantage of the unique features of the QDMs medium to investigate the direct resonance excitation of SPPs. A weak probe and a strong control field are carried through air or vacuum to the top layer. Our results demonstrate that the permittivity of the bottom medium displays tunneling induced transparency (TIT) if the tunneling strength ($T_e$) and the decay rate of the direct exciton (${\Gamma }_1$) follow the condition $T_e/{\Gamma }_1⩽0.5$; otherwise, it represents the ATS effect. In both instances, the permittivity of the QDMs medium satisfy the low-loss (high transmission) criteria, i.e., Re $\left[{\varepsilon }_d\right]<1$ and Im $\left[{\varepsilon }_d\right]\ll 1$, providing a framework for exploring the control resonant excitation of SPPs. We simulate the reflection and transmission spectra using the Fresnel’s formula and noticed sharp dips in reflection and peaks in the transmission spectra, which are the signature of coupler free resonance excitation of SPPs. We noticed that the narrow peak in TIT allows for strong light transmission and thus a high peak in SPP resonance excitation, resulting in higher sensitivity in plasmonic sensors. Conversely, the large spacing between the two peaks in the ATS effect broadens the range of effective excitation frequencies for SPPs, increasing the system’s adaptability and efficiency in applications requiring broad spectrum responses.