Comparison of long-term healthcare use among older adults with disabilities following hospitalization for COVID-19, sepsis, or influenza: a population-based cohort study

IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Lancet Regional Health-Americas Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI:10.1016/j.lana.2024.100910
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Abstract

Background

People with disabilities are at elevated risk of adverse short-term outcomes following hospitalization for acute infectious illness. No prior studies have compared long-term healthcare use among this high-risk population. We compared the healthcare use of adults with disabilities in the one year following hospitalization for COVID-19 vs. sepsis vs. influenza.

Methods

We performed a population-based cohort study using linked clinical and health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada of all adults with pre-existing disability (physical, sensory, or intellectual) hospitalized for COVID-19 (n = 22,551, median age 69 [IQR 57–79], 47.9% female) or sepsis (n = 100,669, median age 77 [IQR 66–85], 54.8% female) between January 25, 2020, and February 28, 2022, and for influenza (n = 11,216, median age 78 [IQR 67–86], 54% female) or sepsis (n = 49,326, median age 72 [IQR 62–82], 45.8% female) between January 1, 2014 and March 25, 2019. The exposure was hospitalization for laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 or influenza, or sepsis (not secondary to COVID-19 or influenza). Outcomes were ambulatory care visits, diagnostic testing, emergency department visits, hospitalization, palliative care visits and death within 1 year. Rates of these outcomes were compared across exposure groups using propensity-based overlap weighted Poisson and Cox proportional hazards models.

Findings

Among older adults with pre-existing disability, hospitalization for COVID-19 was associated with lower rates of ambulatory care visits (adjusted rate ratio (aRR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87–0.90), diagnostic testing (aRR 0.86, 95% CI, 0.84–0.89), emergency department visits (aRR 0.91, 95% CI, 0.84–0.97), hospitalization (aRR 0.74, 95% CI, 0.71–0.77), palliative care visits (aRR 0.71, 95% CI, 0.62–0.81) and low hazards of death (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.71, 95% 0.68–0.75), compared to hospitalization for sepsis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rates of healthcare use among those hospitalized for COVID-19 varied compared to those hospitalized for influenza or sepsis prior to the pandemic.

Interpretation

This study of older adults with pre-existing disabilities hospitalized for acute infectious illness found that COVID-19 was not associated with higher rates of healthcare use or mortality over the one year following hospital discharge compared to those hospitalized for sepsis. However, hospitalization for COVID-19 was associated with higher rates of ambulatory care use and mortality when compared to influenza. As COVID-19 enters an endemic phase, the associated long-term health resource use and risks in the contemporary era are reassuringly similar to sepsis and influenza, even among people with pre-existing disabilities.

Funding

This study was supported by ICES, which is funded by an annual grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Long-Term Care. This study also received funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR GA4-177772).
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残疾老年人因 COVID-19、败血症或流感住院后长期使用医疗服务情况的比较:一项基于人群的队列研究
背景残疾人因急性传染病住院后短期内出现不良后果的风险较高。以前没有研究比较过这一高风险人群的长期医疗保健使用情况。我们比较了残疾成人在 COVID-19 与败血症与流感住院后一年内的医疗保健使用情况。方法我们利用加拿大安大略省的临床和卫生行政数据库,对所有因 COVID-19 (n = 22,551 人,中位年龄 69 [IQR:57-79],47.9% 为女性)或败血症(n = 22,551 人,中位年龄 69 [IQR:57-79],47.9% 为女性)住院的已有残疾(肢体、感官或智力)的成人进行了一项基于人群的队列研究。在 2020 年 1 月 25 日至 2022 年 2 月 28 日期间因 COVID-19 (人数 = 22,551 人,中位年龄 69 [IQR:57-79],女性占 47.9%)或败血症(人数 = 100,669 人,中位年龄 77 [IQR:66-85],女性占 54.8%)住院,以及在 2014 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 3 月 25 日期间因流感(人数 = 11,216 人,中位年龄 78 [IQR:67-86],女性占 54%)或败血症(人数 = 49,326 人,中位年龄 72 [IQR:62-82],女性占 45.8%)住院。暴露是指因实验室确诊的 SARS-CoV-2 或流感或败血症(非继发于 COVID-19 或流感)而住院。结果包括门诊就诊、诊断检测、急诊就诊、住院、姑息治疗就诊和 1 年内死亡。采用基于倾向的重叠加权泊松模型和 Cox 比例危险模型比较了不同暴露组的这些结果的发生率。研究结果在原有残疾的老年人中,因 COVID-19 而住院与较低的非住院护理就诊率(调整后比率比 (aRR) 0.88,95% 置信区间 (CI),0.87-0.90)、诊断检测(aRR 0.86,95% CI,0.84-0.89)、急诊就诊(aRR 0.91,95% CI,0.84-0.97)、住院(aRR 0.74,95% CI,0.71-0.77)、姑息治疗就诊(aRR 0.71,95% CI,0.62-0.81)和较低的死亡风险(调整后危险比(aHR)0.71,95% 0.68-0.75)。与大流行前因流感或败血症而住院的患者相比,因 COVID-19 而住院的患者使用医疗服务的比率有所不同。这项针对因急性传染病而住院的原有残疾老年人的研究发现,与因败血症而住院的患者相比,COVID-19 与出院后一年内较高的医疗服务使用率或死亡率无关。不过,与流感相比,COVID-19 的住院治疗与较高的非卧床护理使用率和死亡率有关。随着COVID-19进入流行阶段,在当代,相关的长期医疗资源使用和风险与败血症和流感相似,甚至在已有残疾的人群中也是如此,这一点令人欣慰。这项研究还得到了加拿大卫生研究院(CIHR GA4-177772)的资助。
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期刊介绍: The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, an open-access journal, contributes to The Lancet's global initiative by focusing on health-care quality and access in the Americas. It aims to advance clinical practice and health policy in the region, promoting better health outcomes. The journal publishes high-quality original research advocating change or shedding light on clinical practice and health policy. It welcomes submissions on various regional health topics, including infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, child and adolescent health, maternal and reproductive health, emergency care, health policy, and health equity.
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