Wintertime productivity and carbon export potential across the Agulhas Current system

IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI:10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104405
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Abstract

The Agulhas Current plays a major role in heat and salt exchange between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, yet little is known of its influence on ocean fertility. To investigate carbon production and export potential in the Agulhas Current system, we measured net primary production (NPP), nitrate and ammonium uptake, N2 fixation, and nitrification along a transect of the current and adjacent subtropical subgyre (33.4°S–35.7°S) in winter when nutrient supply, and thus productivity, should be highest. Phytoplankton biomass was lowest in the current core, increasing into the subgyre as surface nitrate declined, and was dominated by nanoplankton (2.7–10 μm; 62 ± 5.1% of total biomass). NPP and nitrate uptake were generally high across the transect and increased from the current core into the subgyre; the rates were dominated by picoplankton (<2.7 μm; 53–93%) in the current core and nanoplankton elsewhere (63–69%). On average, euphotic zone nitrification supplied 7.6 ± 6.4% of the nitrate consumed by phytoplankton and N2 fixation was also low (2.1 ± 1.3% of new production); we thus consider nitrate uptake a reasonable proxy for new production, at least in winter. Nitrate uptake was highest at the southern edge of the current core, consistent with current-associated (sub)mesoscale mixing enhancing the upward nutrient supply. The fraction of NPP available for export (i.e., the f-ratio) was high across the transect, ranging from 0.44 to 0.69. Our data thus indicate that both total and new production are elevated across the Agulhas Current system in winter and suggest that the (sub)mesoscale dynamics associated with the current system may enhance carbon production and export in the otherwise oligotrophic southwest Indian Ocean.
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阿古哈斯洋流系统的冬季生产力和碳输出潜力
阿古哈斯洋流在印度洋和大西洋之间的热量和盐分交换中发挥着重要作用,但人们对其对海洋肥力的影响却知之甚少。为了研究阿古哈斯洋流系统的碳生产和输出潜力,我们在冬季养分供应量最高的时候,沿洋流横断面和邻近的亚热带亚地层(33.4°S-35.7°S)测量了净初级生产量(NPP)、硝酸盐和铵吸收量、N2 固定量和硝化作用。浮游植物生物量在海流核心区最低,随着海流表面硝酸盐的减少,浮游植物生物量在亚层有所增加,并且以纳米浮游植物(2.7-10 μm;占总生物量的 62 ± 5.1%)为主。整个横断面的 NPP 和硝酸盐吸收率普遍较高,并从海流核心区向次深海区增加;海流核心区的吸收率以微浮游生物(2.7 μm;53-93%)为主,其他区域则以纳浮游生物(63-69%)为主。平均而言,浮游植物消耗的硝酸盐中,7.6 ± 6.4% 来自于透光区硝化作用,N2 固定也很低(2.1 ± 1.3% 来自于新生成量);因此,我们认为硝酸盐吸收量是新生成量的合理代表,至少在冬季是如此。在海流核心的南部边缘,硝酸盐吸收量最高,这与海流相关的(亚)中尺度混合加强了向上的营养供应是一致的。在整个横断面上,可用于输出的 NPP 分数(即 f 比值)很高,从 0.44 到 0.69 不等。因此,我们的数据表明,整个阿古哈斯洋流系统冬季的总产量和新产量都很高,并表明与洋流系统相关的(亚)中尺度动力学可能会提高原本低营养的西南印度洋的碳生产和碳输出。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
4.20%
发文量
144
审稿时长
18.3 weeks
期刊介绍: Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers is devoted to the publication of the results of original scientific research, including theoretical work of evident oceanographic applicability; and the solution of instrumental or methodological problems with evidence of successful use. The journal is distinguished by its interdisciplinary nature and its breadth, covering the geological, physical, chemical and biological aspects of the ocean and its boundaries with the sea floor and the atmosphere. In addition to regular "Research Papers" and "Instruments and Methods" papers, briefer communications may be published as "Notes". Supplemental matter, such as extensive data tables or graphs and multimedia content, may be published as electronic appendices.
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