Examining ingested microplastics in fish: Considerations on filter pore size, analysis time, and material costs to design cost-effective projects

Abstract

In recent years the microplastics research community has called for methods harmonization and standardized metrics of reporting microplastic attributes. While alignment of research practices is essential in obtaining robust microplastic data, resource managers need to balance how the cost and effort of methodologies compare to data output. The intention of this study is to compare two recommended methods for isolating anthropogenic microparticles in fish gastrointestinal tracts. Using Icelandic capelin (Mallotus villosus) as a study species, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) digestion, we compared a 1.2 μm filtration and 45 μm sieving protocols for isolating ingested anthropogenic microparticles. We compared methods based on the amount of time they took to conduct, the cost of the materials and equipment required, levels of procedural contamination, and data output. We found no significant differences in the materials costs or procedural contamination between the two methods. However, the two protocols resulted in anthropogenic microparticles with significantly different characteristics (i.e. colour, length, morphology), and the 45 μm sieving protocol took longer to conduct per sample. Our results contribute towards a more holistic understanding of microplastic research methods, their relative costs, and how they contribute to data outputs and development of large-scale monitoring programs.