The maternal microbiome in normal pregnancy and at delivery by cesarean section and the early developmental phase of the neonatal microbiome—presentation of a longitudinal pilot study
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Aim
In this study by Foessleitner et al., both the maternal microbiome in the third trimester of pregnancy and the factors that influence the development of the child’s microbiome after cesarean delivery were investigated.
Methods
Maternal vaginal and rectal swabs were collected at inclusion in the last trimester of pregnancy and on the day of the cesarean section. In addition, placental and intrauterine swabs as well as infant dermal, buccal, and meconium swabs were taken during the cesarean section immediately after birth and subsequently on the second/third day of life. All samples were analyzed for microbial composition using 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing.
Results
A total of 30 mothers and their newborns were included in the study, with microbiome samples available for all maternal, intrauterine cavity, and placenta samples, as well as for 18 out of the 30 newborns. The vaginal and rectal microbiome was stable over the course of the third trimester and showed no significant changes (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA]; p > 0.05). Both the intraoperative samples (placental, intrauterine) and the neonatal swabs at the time of birth were consistently sterile. However, rapid infant microbial colonization subsequently occurred, with neonatal buccal mucosa and stool samples showing significantly different microbial colonization from their mothers as early as the second/third day of life (PERMANOVA; p < 0.01).
Conclusion
The conclusion of the presented study was therefore that the vaginal and rectal microbiome of healthy pregnant women does not change in the last trimester, the infant and the placenta are not microbially colonized at the time of birth, and the development of the newborn’s microbiome after birth appears to be influenced mainly by environmental exposure.
期刊介绍:
Allergo Journal International is the official Journal of the German Society for Applied Allergology (AeDA) and the Austrian Society for Allergology and Immunology (ÖGAI). The journal is a forum for the communication and exchange of ideas concerning the various aspects of allergy (including related fields such as clinical immunology and environmental medicine) and promotes German allergy research in an international context. The aim of Allergo Journal International is to provide state of the art information for all medical and scientific disciplines that deal with allergic, immunological and environmental diseases. Allergo Journal International publishes original articles, reviews, short communications, case reports, and letters to the editor. The articles cover topics such as allergic, immunological and environmental diseases, the latest developments in diagnosis and therapy as well as current research work concerning antigens and allergens and aspects related to occupational and environmental medicine. In addition, it publishes clinical guidelines and position papers approved by expert panels of the German, Austrian and Swiss Allergy Societies.
All submissions are reviewed in single-blind fashion by at least two reviewers.
Originally, the journal started as a German journal called Allergo Journal back in 1992. Throughout the years, English articles amounted to a considerable portion in Allergo Journal. This was one of the reasons to extract the scientific content and publish it in a separate journal. Hence, Allergo Journal International was born and now is the international continuation of the original German journal. Nowadays, all original content is published in Allergo Journal International first. Later, selected manuscripts will be translated and published in German and included in Allergo Journal.