Gastroesophageal reflux disease, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and vocal cord dysfunction/inducible laryngeal obstruction—overlapping conditions that affect asthma

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic lung condition that may be affected by numerous medical comorbidities. Such comorbidities can influence the presentation and even the severity of asthma. Alternatively, asthma may be misdiagnosed as a comorbidity when symptoms overlap. The 3 medical conditions that commonly affect asthma management are gastroesophageal reflux disease, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and vocal cord dysfunction/inducible laryngeal obstruction). These conditions can be difficult to distinguish from one another, as well as from asthma itself. In this review, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptomatology, and diagnostic considerations of each condition in both adult and pediatric populations are discussed. Treatment options, as well as how such options may influence asthma outcomes, are included. Finally, knowledge gaps in each area are highlighted, as a better understanding of the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches will allow for improved individualized care of patients with asthma.