Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1010
Ishitha Jagadish,Divya Shah,Jennifer Priessnitz,Sergio E Chiarella
Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disease affecting 25 million people in the U.S., exhibits distinct sex differences in prevalence, phenotype, and treatment response. While asthma is more common in boys during childhood, adult women experience greater disease severity, likely due to hormonal and immunologic influences. Asthma biomarkers, including blood eosinophil count (BEC), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), immunoglobulin E (IgE), and emerging markers provide insight into disease phenotypes and therapeutic response. This review synthesizes current evidence on sex-specific differences in asthma biomarkers and mechanisms underlying these variations. Sex hormones play a role in immune modulation, with estrogen and progesterone promoting type 2 inflammation, and testosterone exerting suppressive effects. Boys demonstrate higher levels of BECs, FeNO, total and allergen-specific IgE, and periostin, whereas post-pubertal females exhibit increased interleukin (IL)-5, leptin, serum amyloid A, and urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4), along with lower adiponectin levels. In contrast, post-pubertal male asthmatics show higher ceramide concentrations. Additional biomarkers under investigation include microRNAs, neutrophils, tryptase, exhaled breath condensate analytes, and surfactant proteins. However, evidence supporting these research-based markers is often preclinical and/or lacks sex-stratified analyses, limiting clinical translation. Incorporating validated sex-specific biomarker patterns into asthma care may enhance phenotyping and support personalized management strategies.
{"title":"Sex-based hormonal influences on asthma biomarkers.","authors":"Ishitha Jagadish,Divya Shah,Jennifer Priessnitz,Sergio E Chiarella","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1010","url":null,"abstract":"Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disease affecting 25 million people in the U.S., exhibits distinct sex differences in prevalence, phenotype, and treatment response. While asthma is more common in boys during childhood, adult women experience greater disease severity, likely due to hormonal and immunologic influences. Asthma biomarkers, including blood eosinophil count (BEC), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), immunoglobulin E (IgE), and emerging markers provide insight into disease phenotypes and therapeutic response. This review synthesizes current evidence on sex-specific differences in asthma biomarkers and mechanisms underlying these variations. Sex hormones play a role in immune modulation, with estrogen and progesterone promoting type 2 inflammation, and testosterone exerting suppressive effects. Boys demonstrate higher levels of BECs, FeNO, total and allergen-specific IgE, and periostin, whereas post-pubertal females exhibit increased interleukin (IL)-5, leptin, serum amyloid A, and urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4), along with lower adiponectin levels. In contrast, post-pubertal male asthmatics show higher ceramide concentrations. Additional biomarkers under investigation include microRNAs, neutrophils, tryptase, exhaled breath condensate analytes, and surfactant proteins. However, evidence supporting these research-based markers is often preclinical and/or lacks sex-stratified analyses, limiting clinical translation. Incorporating validated sex-specific biomarker patterns into asthma care may enhance phenotyping and support personalized management strategies.","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1009
Carla Chehadeh, Teruaki Nakatsuji, Richard L. Gallo
{"title":"Staphylococcus aureus in Atopic Dermatitis: How a common bacterium exploits and drives disease.","authors":"Carla Chehadeh, Teruaki Nakatsuji, Richard L. Gallo","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1007
Yinghui Wang, Yugen Zhang, Christa Dudley, Katherine Fitzgerald, Audrey S. Carson, Camille M. Kapita, Daaniya Rana, Kim Kluckman, Donna Bortner, Dale O. Cowley, Christopher R. Travis, Julia Vorobiov, Shailesh Choudhary, Christopher L. Kepley, Scott P. Commins, Scott A. Smith, Onyinye I. Iweala
{"title":"Alpha-gal-specific human IgE promotes both alpha-gal-induced and antigen-independent allergic effector cell activation","authors":"Yinghui Wang, Yugen Zhang, Christa Dudley, Katherine Fitzgerald, Audrey S. Carson, Camille M. Kapita, Daaniya Rana, Kim Kluckman, Donna Bortner, Dale O. Cowley, Christopher R. Travis, Julia Vorobiov, Shailesh Choudhary, Christopher L. Kepley, Scott P. Commins, Scott A. Smith, Onyinye I. Iweala","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1002
Ryan C Shean,Nicholas C Spies,Abdulrahman Saadalla
{"title":"Estimation of serum tryptase reference intervals via an indirect method reveal age- and sex-dependent upper limits.","authors":"Ryan C Shean,Nicholas C Spies,Abdulrahman Saadalla","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1008
Tina Jellesmark Jensen, Camille Riff, Julia Lund, Zala Jevnikar, Maria G. Belvisi, Christina Keen, Jukka Mäenpää, John Mo, Szilárd Nemes, Pablo Forte Soto, Adam Platt, Rajkumar Chetty, Dave Singh, Davinder P.S. Dosanjh, Pernilla Zingmark, Kyriakos V. Konstantinidis, Rod Hughes
{"title":"First-in-human study for londamocitinib (AZD4604), an inhaled, selective JAK1 inhibitor","authors":"Tina Jellesmark Jensen, Camille Riff, Julia Lund, Zala Jevnikar, Maria G. Belvisi, Christina Keen, Jukka Mäenpää, John Mo, Szilárd Nemes, Pablo Forte Soto, Adam Platt, Rajkumar Chetty, Dave Singh, Davinder P.S. Dosanjh, Pernilla Zingmark, Kyriakos V. Konstantinidis, Rod Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1001
Peter Wolf, Adam Reich, Thomas Graier, Alexander Navarini, Theresa Benezeder
{"title":"Reply.","authors":"Peter Wolf, Adam Reich, Thomas Graier, Alexander Navarini, Theresa Benezeder","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.999
{"title":"Corrigendum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.999","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145933416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.997
Raquel Lazarowitz, Giselle Mosnaim, Michael Fein, Anna Nikonova, Elena Netchiporouk
{"title":"Mechanistic insights into petechiae observed with remibrutinib therapy in chronic spontaneous urticaria.","authors":"Raquel Lazarowitz, Giselle Mosnaim, Michael Fein, Anna Nikonova, Elena Netchiporouk","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.997","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145933395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.998
Erica V Lin, Melanie C Dispenza
{"title":"Reply.","authors":"Erica V Lin, Melanie C Dispenza","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145933380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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