Phytochemical and morpho-physiological response of Melissa officinalis L. to different NH₄⁺ to NO₃̄ ratios under hydroponic cultivation.

IF 5.4 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL ACS Applied Energy Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI:10.1186/s12870-024-05693-2

Farzad Safaei, Abolfazl Alirezalu, Parviz Noruzi, Kazem Alirezalu

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Abstract

Background: The utilization of nutrition management, has recently been developed as a means of improving the growth and production of phytochemical compounds in herbs. The present study aimed to improve the growth, physiological, and phytochemical characteristics of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) using different NH₄⁺ (ammonium) to NO₃̄ (nitrate) ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0) under floating culture system (FCS).

Results: The treatment containing 0:100 - NH₄⁺:NO₃̄ ratio showed the most remarkable values for the growth and morpho-physiological characteristics of M. officinalis. The results demonstrated that maximum biomass (105.57 g) earned by using the ratio of 0:100 and minimum at 75:25 ratio of NH₄⁺: NO₃̄. The plants treated with high nitrate ratio (0:100 - NH₄⁺:NO₃̄) showed the greatest concentration of total phenolics (60.40 mg GAE/g DW), chlorophyll a (31.32 mg/100 g DW), flavonoids (12.97 mg QUE/g DW), and carotenoids (83.06 mg/100 g DW). Using the 75:25 - NH₄⁺:NO₃̄ ratio caused the highest dry matter (DM), N and K macronutrients in the leaves. The highest antioxidant activity by both DPPH (37.39 µg AAE/mL) and FRAP (69.55 mM Fe⁺⁺/g DW) methods was obtained in 75:25 - NH₄⁺:NO₃̄ treatment. The p-coumaric acid as a main abundant phenolic composition, was detected by HPLC analysis as the highest content in samples grown under 0:100 - NH₄⁺:NO₃̄ treatment. Also, the major compounds in M. officinalis essential oil were identified as geranial, neral, geranyl acetate and geraniol by GC analysis. With increasing NO₃̄ application, geraniol and geranyl acetate contents were decreased.

Conclusions: The findings of present study suggest that the management of NH4⁺ to NO₃̄ ratios in nutrient solutions could contribute to improving growth, physiological and phytochemical properties of M. officinalis. The plants treated with high nitrate ratio (especially 0:100 - NH₄⁺:NO₃̄) showed the greatest effects on improving the growth and production of morpho-physiological and phytochemical compounds. By comprehensively understanding the intricate dynamics among nitrogen sources, plants, and their surroundings, researchers and practitioners can devise inventive approaches to optimize nitrogen management practices and foster sustainable agricultural frameworks.

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水培条件下 Melissa officinalis L. 对不同 NH4+ 与 NO3̄比例的植物化学和形态生理学反应。

背景：近来，营养管理已发展成为改善草本植物生长和生产植物化学物质的一种手段。本研究旨在利用不同的 NH4+（铵）与 NO3̄（硝酸盐）比例（0:100、25:75、50:50、75:25 和 100:0），在漂浮培养系统（FCS）下改善柠檬香脂（Melissa officinalis L.）的生长、生理和植物化学特性：结果：NH4+:NO3̄比例为 0:100 的处理对 officinalis 的生长和形态生理特征的影响最为显著。结果表明，NH4+:NO3̄比例为 0:100 时生物量最大（105.57 克），NH4+:NO3̄比例为 75:25 时生物量最小：NO3̄。使用高硝酸盐比例（0:100 - NH4+:NO3̄）处理的植物显示出最大的总酚浓度（60.40 mg GAE/g DW）、叶绿素 a 浓度（31.32 mg/100 g DW）、类黄酮浓度（12.97 mg QUE/g DW）和类胡萝卜素浓度（83.06 mg/100 g DW）。采用 75:25 - NH4+:NO3̄ 的比例，叶片中的干物质（DM）、氮和钾等宏量营养素含量最高。用 DPPH（37.39 µg AAE/mL）和 FRAP（69.55 mM Fe++/g DW）方法测定，75:25 - NH4+:NO3̄处理的抗氧化活性最高。通过高效液相色谱分析，在 0:100 - NH4+:NO3̄ 处理下生长的样品中，对香豆酸作为主要的丰富酚类成分含量最高。此外，通过气相色谱分析，还确定了 M. officinalis 精油中的主要化合物为香叶醇、橙花醇、乙酸香叶酯和香叶醇。随着 NO3̄施用量的增加，香叶醇和乙酸香叶酯的含量有所下降：本研究的结果表明，管理营养液中 NH4+ 与 NO3̄的比例有助于改善 M. officinalis 的生长、生理和植物化学特性。使用高硝酸盐比（尤其是 0:100 - NH4+:NO3̄）处理的植物在改善生长、产生形态生理和植物化学物质方面表现出最大的效果。通过全面了解氮源、植物及其周围环境之间错综复杂的动态关系，研究人员和从业人员可以设计出创新的方法来优化氮管理实践，促进可持续农业框架的发展。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Energy Materials Materials Science-Materials Chemistry

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

6.20%

发文量

1368

期刊介绍： ACS Applied Energy Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of materials, engineering, chemistry, physics and biology relevant to energy conversion and storage. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrate knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important energy applications.