Critical analysis of analytical techniques developed for statins in biological fluids, environmental and fermentation samples.

IF 8.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Critical Reviews in Biotechnology Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI:10.1080/07388551.2024.2412128
Seenivasan Ayothiraman, Nithya Murugesan, Gautam Sethi
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Abstract

Statins are the most prescribed drug for regulating the high cholesterol level in the blood, which can lead to severe complications, such as cardiovascular diseases and other health complications. A wide range of analytical techniques have been employed for the quantification of statins from various origins, including fermentation derived (lovastatin, pravastatin, and compactin), semi-synthetic (simvastatin), and synthetic (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and fluvastatin) routes. The presence of more than one structural form and structural analogue generated in the biosynthesis pathway, as well as reaction intermediates and macromolecules in the clinical sample, complicates the quantification of statins. Furthermore, significant concentrations of statins in environmental samples pose serious health and ecology hazards, and estimating statins in those diluted samples is extremely difficult. On the other hand, the: cost, accurate estimation of the desired one from other structural forms, sample complexity, time, limits of detection and quantification, were major criteria distinguishing the usability of each technique. As a result, the current manuscript focuses on analytical techniques such as molecular spectroscopy (normal and derivatives UV-Visible spectrophotometer), chromatography (TLC, HP-TLC, HPLC, GC, swing column, micellar, and supercritical fluid), mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS), sequential flow injection, capillary electrophoresis, and cyclic voltammetry, as well as their: optimal operating conditions, limits of detection and quantification, advancements, and limitations. Furthermore, various online and offline sample preparations (precipitation, solid phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, and micellar extraction) have been highlighted as an essential pretreatment technique to avoid the interference caused by structural analogues and other macromolecules. The greener and more sustainable concepts used in analytical approaches for the quantification statins are also highlighted with current advancements.

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对针对生物液体、环境和发酵样品中他汀类药物开发的分析技术进行批判性分析。
他汀类药物是调节血液中高胆固醇水平的最常用处方药,高胆固醇会导致严重的并发症,如心血管疾病和其他健康并发症。目前已采用多种分析技术对不同来源的他汀类药物进行定量,包括发酵衍生(洛伐他汀、普伐他汀和紧致素)、半合成(辛伐他汀)和合成(阿托伐他汀、罗苏伐他汀和氟伐他汀)途径。在生物合成途径中产生的不止一种结构形式和结构类似物,以及临床样本中的反应中间体和大分子,都使他汀类药物的定量变得复杂。此外,环境样本中他汀类药物的高浓度会对健康和生态环境造成严重危害,因此估算这些稀释样本中的他汀类药物含量极为困难。另一方面,成本、从其他结构形式中准确估算出所需的结构形式、样品复杂性、时间、检测和定量的限制是区分每种技术可用性的主要标准。因此,本手稿重点介绍了分子光谱(普通紫外-可见分光光度计和衍生物紫外-可见分光光度计)、色谱(TLC、HP-TLC、HPLC、GC、摆动柱、胶束和超临界流体)、质谱(HPLC-MS/MS 和 GC-MS/MS)、顺序流动注射、毛细管电泳和循环伏安法等分析技术,以及它们的最佳操作条件、检测和定量限制、先进性和局限性。此外,各种在线和离线样品制备(沉淀、固相萃取、液液萃取和胶束萃取)作为一种重要的预处理技术,也得到了强调,以避免结构类似物和其他大分子造成的干扰。此外,还重点介绍了目前在他汀类药物定量分析方法中采用的更环保、更可持续的理念。
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来源期刊
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 工程技术-生物工程与应用微生物
CiteScore
20.80
自引率
1.10%
发文量
71
审稿时长
4.8 months
期刊介绍: Biotechnological techniques, from fermentation to genetic manipulation, have become increasingly relevant to the food and beverage, fuel production, chemical and pharmaceutical, and waste management industries. Consequently, academic as well as industrial institutions need to keep abreast of the concepts, data, and methodologies evolved by continuing research. This journal provides a forum of critical evaluation of recent and current publications and, periodically, for state-of-the-art reports from various geographic areas around the world. Contributing authors are recognized experts in their fields, and each article is reviewed by an objective expert to ensure accuracy and objectivity of the presentation.
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