Enhanced Understanding of Facial Nerve Anatomy and Arborization in the Indian Population: Implications for Surgical Procedures.

Abstract

The anatomy and arborization patterns of the extraparotid facial nerve show considerable variation among different populations, impacting surgical approaches in plastic, head and neck, and ENT surgeries. This study focuses on the Indian population to provide a detailed understanding of these variations, specifically highlighting the Davis type IV arborization pattern's prevalence and its clinical relevance. We conducted a comprehensive dissection of 16 formalin-preserved Indian cadaveric hemifaces. The study meticulously mapped the facial nerve trunk (FNT), its furcation points, and branches. Key anatomical landmarks for locating these nerve structures were identified, including the tip of the mastoid process, the angle of the mandible, and a novel line between the lateral palpebral fissure and otobasion superioris. The most common arborization pattern observed was Davis type IV (31.3%). The study provided precise measurements for locating the FNT and its branches, using identifiable landmarks. These findings facilitate more accurate surgical planning, crucial for procedures involving nerve repair or grafting. This research offers vital insights into the facial nerve anatomy specific to the Indian population, with significant implications for surgical precision and patient outcomes. By establishing reliable anatomical landmarks and elucidating the predominant arborization pattern, the study enhances the understanding of facial nerve behavior during surgical interventions, particularly in the context of facial paralysis treatment and reconstructive surgeries. Due to the small sample size, however, this study only acts as a pilot for further research.